慢性前列腺炎牵涉痛神经机制及其与膀胱、盆底肌的关系

目的寻找慢性前列腺炎牵涉痛的神经学证据及其与膀胱、盆底的关系.方法辣椒素刺激SD大鼠前列腺及膀胱,用伊文思蓝血管内注射,确定血浆外渗情况并分析其分布;用福尔马林分别刺激大鼠前列腺、膀胱、盆底,用原位杂交方法确定脊髓中P物质的分布及表达情况.结果对前列腺及膀胱的疼痛刺激均可导致L5～S2（主要集中于L5～S1）体表节段的血浆外渗;福尔马林刺激前列腺、膀胱及盆底后L6～S1脊髓节段内P物质的表达显著增强.结论前列腺牵涉疼痛是神经介导的,它与膀胱有着相似的体表牵涉痛范围.接受前列腺、膀胱及盆底的伤害刺激的脊髓感觉神经元可能有显著的互相重叠.前列腺、膀胱、盆底的病变可引起相似的疼痛感觉.     

Experience at a single institution with endovascular treatment of mechanical complications caused by implanted central venous access devices in pediatric and adult patients

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to describe the technical aspects and evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of endovascular management of mechanical complications related to implanted central venous devices. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred fifty-six patients with cancer, who ranged in age from 3 months to 75 years (mean +/- SD, 47 +/- 18 years), were referred 290 +/- 200 days (mean +/- SD; range, 0-1202 days) after central venous device placement for retrieval of a fractured and embolized central venous device catheter (n = 100), retrieval of a guidewire embolized during placement of a central venous device (n = 2), repositioning of the migrated tip of a central venous device catheter (n = 38), and fibrin-sheath stripping (n = 16). All procedures were performed with the patient under local anesthesia on an outpatient basis, except for the eight pediatric patients. RESULTS: Ninety-five of the 100 embolized catheters and both of the guidewires were successfully retrieved. Retrieval was preceded by repositioning the embolized catheter with a pigtail catheter in 48 of these cases. Most of the procedures were performed with standard vascular tools (loop snares and pigtail catheters); the use of more sophisticated devices (grasping forceps, baskets, or balloons) rarely overcame the failure of a loop snare. Repositioning a migrated catheter tip was achieved with a pigtail catheter in 32 of 38 attempts. Of the repositioned catheters, only 24 could be used. Most of the 11 repositioning and retrieval failures were encountered because the catheter lacked a free end. Fibrin-sheath stripping was always technically successful: all these catheters were patent at 3-month follow-up. No procedure-related complications occurred. CONCLUSION: The endovascular approach is highly feasible, safe, and effective for the management of mechanical complications of central venous devices. It is probably advisable to reserve endovascular repositioning for port catheters that are cumbersome to exchange and to replace simple catheters.     

Histologic changes in the normal bladder wall following fractionated irradiation--an animal experimental study

The histopathologic alterations of the bladder wall were investigated in 180 rabbits irradiated with different fractionations and total focal doses. Animals sacrificed on week after the end of irradiation showed alterations of the urothelium (desquamation, increased polymorphism of nuclei vacuolizations) as well as oedematous and hyperemic reactions in submucosa and muscularis. These alterations became stronger when the single and total focal dose and the ret value were increased. Animals sacrificed three to six months after the end of irradiation showed dystrophic-sclerotic processes as well as vascular obliterations in the submucosa and muscularis. The alterations were only clearly visible in case of a total focal dose of at least 30 Gy. With regard to a minimization of histopathologic alterations of the bladder wall, a fractionation of 1.5 Gy per day has to be considered as favorable in radiotherapy of the carcinoma of the urinary bladder.     

Follow-up of combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy of advanced bladder cancer using magnetic resonance tomography. Initial results

A combination of cis-platinum and radiotherapy was applied in five patients with advanced bladder carcinomas. The patients were examined by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging prior to and following therapy. Corresponding to cell-kinetic considerations regarding tissues with slow cell turnover, a maximum therapy effect is shown about nine months after the end of local therapy. Smaller control intervals are recommended in case of bladder carcinomas with lymph node metastases. Due to the possibility of multiple slice imaging, the nuclear magnetic resonance technique is particularly suited for the monitoring of bladder carcinomas. Sagittal and coronary slices show a better image of tumoral extension at the roof and floor of the bladder than axial computed tomography. Lymph node metastases are represented relatively late by both methods.     

Complications of universal ureteral stent

The universal stent is primarily a ureteral stent that also permits optional nephrostomy drainage. The complications associated with universal stent placement were analyzed with respect to the underlying pathology. The major complications included stent-induced ureteral stricture in 2 patients, and stent migration requiring emergency repositioning in 2 patients. Stent malfunction due to stent migration or occlusion, and bladder irritation were frequent also.     

Seminal vesicle cyst with ipsilateral renal agenesis

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to review the clinical symptoms and imaging features of a seminal vesicle cyst associated with renal agenesis. CONCLUSION: Patients with seminal vesicle cysts associated with renal agenesis may present with symptoms of bladder irritation or obstruction and with an abdominal or pelvic mass revealed on physical examination. Differentiation of a seminal vesicle cyst from other pelvic cystic masses may be determined with a spectrum of imaging techniques including excretory urography, sonography, CT, and MR imaging.     

Extensive prostatic abscess drained by CT-guided percutaneous approach: Case report

Prostatic abscess is a rare entity that occurs most frequently after the age of 50. The main risk factors are immunosuppressive conditions such as diabetes, HIV infection and chronic renal failure. It is clinically manifested by signs of bladder irritation. The management of the disease involves antibiotic therapy and drainage of the abscess, which can be performed by various invasive methods. We report the case of a 60-year-old patient with a large prostatic abscess drained by CT-guided percutaneous approach.     

Percutaneous treatment of a splenic artery pseudoaneurysm by thrombin injection

Pseudoaneurysms in the visceral arteries are rare complications of pancreatitis. In the reported case, a 42-year-old man with a splenic pseudoaneurysm was successfully treated by computed tomography (CT)-guided direct thrombin injection into the pseudoaneurysm lumen. Selective catheterization of the splenic artery had proven technically impossible. During the procedure, contrast medium was injected via a pigtail catheter into the aorta for planning, correct positioning of the needle tip, and control imaging after injection. CT examinations 1 day, 3 weeks, and 6 months after treatment demonstrated complete occlusion shrinkage of the pseudoaneurysm, and the patient was symptom-free.     

恶性肿瘤所致上腔静脉压迫综合征的介入治疗

目的：探讨采用介入方法治疗恶性肿瘤所致上腔静脉阻塞综合征（SVCS）的疗效及临床意义。方法：24例上腔静脉阻塞综合征患者,经右侧股静脉入路,以猪尾巴导管于狭窄段近端或远端造影,明确狭窄部位、长度、程度,无局部血栓形成者直接置入Wallstent支架（Boston Scientific,USA）,合并血栓病例留置溶栓导管局部溶栓后再置入支架。结果：24例全部开通成功,手术成功率100%,狭窄段平均长度4.6 cm（3～7 cm）。3例置入2枚支架,其余患者均置入1枚支架。9例在支架置入前行溶栓治疗。开通前后梗阻远侧卧位测静脉压,术前（27.3±1.8）cmH2O,术后降至（4.5±0.8）cmH2O,置入支架后造影示侧支静脉完全消失,上腔静脉阻塞症状于术后即刻至术后3 d完全消退。随访8～26个月,11例术后5～10个月内死亡,13例存活,所有病例上腔静脉阻塞症状未再复发。结论：上腔静脉支架置入术联合导管局部溶栓是治疗恶性肿瘤所致上腔静脉阻塞综合征有效的微创治疗方法。     

Recanalization of thrombosed dialysis access with use of a rotating mini-pigtail catheter: follow-up study

PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of mechanical thrombectomy of occluded dialysis access with use of a rotating mini-pigtail catheter. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thrombus was fragmented by mechanical action of the rotating pigtail tip (5-mm diameter), while the guide wire exited a sidehole at the pigtail curvature and served as a fixed rotation axis. Twenty-six procedures were performed in 22 patients (12 men, 10 women; mean age, 55.5 years). Native fistulas were treated in 15 instances, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts were treated in 11 instances. Average occlusion time was 20 hours +/- 13 (range, 5-46 hours), average occlusion length was 25.6 cm +/- 10.1 (range, 6-45 cm). Thrombus fragmentation was followed by balloon angioplasty of underlying stenoses. RESULTS: In all 26 procedures, the dialysis access was successfully declotted with subsequent dialysis using the access (clinical success rate, 100%). Handling of the mini-pigtail catheter was simple and rapid, regardless of whether a graft or a native fistula was treated. Average duration of the intervention was 118 minutes +/- 30. Mean primary patency was 165 days +/- 167. Primary patency rate was 82% at 30 days, 65% at 3 months, and 47% at 6 months. There was no evidence of complications due to the thrombus fragmentation procedure. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that declotting of occluded dialysis grafts and fistulas with the mini-pigtail catheter is as effective and safe as other more established percutaneous therapies. It may serve as an easy-to-handle, low-budget alternative to current thrombectomy devices.     

Hybrid treatment of acute massive pulmonary thromboembolism: mechanical fragmentation with a modified rotating pigtail catheter, local fibrinolytic therapy, and clot aspiration followed by systemic fibrinolytic therapy

OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a hybrid treatment for acute massive pulmonary thromboembolism in patients with hemodynamic impairment by combining mechanical fragmentation, local thrombolysis, and clot aspiration. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Within a period of 35 months, 25 patients with hemodynamic impairment (eight men and 17 women; age range, 35-77 years) were treated with mechanical thrombus fragmentation using a modified rotating pigtail catheter. After embolus fragmentation, all patients received an intrapulmonary injection of recombinant human-tissue plasminogen activator and then underwent manual clot aspiration with a large-lumen percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty guide catheter. RESULTS: All the patients survived, and their clinical status improved. Posttreatment angiography showed an improvement in pulmonary perfusion in all patients (mean Miller score before treatment, 22.2; after treatment, 13.6; p < 0.01). Mean pulmonary artery pressure decreased from 32.6 to 23.4 mm Hg (p < 0.01). Mean treatment time was 124.6 min. CONCLUSION: Hybrid treatment with mechanical fragmentation using a rotating pigtail catheter combined with local fibrinolysis and manual clot aspiration resulted in a rapid and safe improvement in the hemodynamic condition of patients with acute massive pulmonary thromboembolism. This hybrid treatment appears to be especially useful in patients at high risk for right ventricular failure and is a minimally invasive alternative to surgical embolectomy.     

鸦胆子油乳膀胱内灌注预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发

目的评价鸦胆子油乳膀胱灌注预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发的疗效和安全性。方法对365例浅表性膀胱癌患者行TURBT或膀胱部分切除术,术后1周给予10%鸦胆子油乳60 m l膀胱内灌注,药物于膀胱内保留2 h,每周1次,连续6周,以后每月1次,连续12个月。定期做血、尿常规、肝肾功能及膀胱镜检查,并记录每次膀胱灌注后的全身及局部反应。结果365例均未见全身性药物不良反应,随访9~36个月,平均23个月,复发35例,复发率9.6%。结论鸦胆子油乳膀胱灌注防止浅表性膀胱癌术后复发疗效满意,安全性好。     

Imaging guided streptokinase injected through small bore pigtail tail catheter in management of complicated empyema in pediatrics

Purpose

This study was done targeting the role of streptokinase injected through pigtail catheter in treatment of pleural empyema in pediatric.

应用弹性髓内钉治疗儿童桡骨颈骨折16例

目的 探讨钛制弹性髓内钉(titanium elastic intrameduary nail,TEIN)治疗儿童桡骨颈骨折的临床效果.方法 2008年2月-2010年2月共收治16例儿童桡骨颈骨折患者,应用TEIN进行复位固定.术后长臂石膏后托外固定1周,去除外固定后进行功能锻炼.结果 16例患者术后经平均5.3个月...     

经肱动脉肾动脉支架置入术技术分析

目的 探讨总结经肱动脉途径肾动脉支架置入术的可行性及方法、技巧.方法 回顾分析2002年1月-2005年1月8例肾动脉狭窄患者,均经术前影像学评价后决定采用经肱动脉途径肾动脉支架置入,支架置入时,根据患者体型大小分别使用猪尾导管及长鞘定位技术.术后随访6个月观察血压以及肾功能变化.结果 8例患者全部为单侧肾动脉狭窄,均成功实施经肱动脉肾动脉支架置入术.其中,7例采用长鞘定位技术,1例体型较大者采用猪尾导管定位技术.无手术相关严重并发症.经过6个月随访,疗效满意.结论 对于传统股动脉入路困难或无法经股动脉操作的情况,经肱动脉肾动脉支架置入术是一种安全可靠的替代方法.     

Use of an Amplatz dilator to facilitate transrectal abscess drainage in children

Image-guided transrectal drainage is an effective treatment option for many deep pelvic abscesses in children. Currently, a variety of imaging and catheter techniques are used to access and drain these abscesses. The present report describes an approach for introducing the transrectal catheter by using transabdominal ultrasound guidance to direct transrectal advancement of an Amplatz dilator with coaxial placement of the metal cannula and inner trocar from a pigtail catheter set, followed by placement of the pigtail catheter via Seldinger technique. This approach eliminates some of the limitations of other transrectal techniques. The present report describes a single-institutional experience with this technique in 13 patients.     

Multisystemic BCGitis: A rare complication of intravesical BCG immunotherapy for bladder cancer

Intermediate- to high-grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer is preferably treated with transurethral resection followed by adjuvant intravesical immunotherapy with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). BCG acts as an immune stimulator, inducing a complex inflammatory response that selectively targets tumoral cells. Mild side effects of BCG instillation, such as fever, malaise, and bladder irritation are frequent, while severe treatment-associated complications of the genito-urinary tract are rare. “Distant” complications are even rarer and, since BCG is able to disseminate hematogenously, virtually all organs and systems can be involved, with the lungs, liver and musculoskeletal system being most commonly affected. Vascular complications of BCG immunotherapy are exceedingly rare and difficult to diagnose, because they can mimic other vascular infections and may occur several years after treatment. Knowledge of previous BCG immunotherapy and awareness about treatment-related complications is essential to avoid misdiagnosis, and to guide appropriate treatment.     

Treatment of anterolateral impingements of the ankle joint by arthroscopy

Impingement syndromes of the ankle joint are among the most common intraarticular ankle lesions. Soft tissue impingement lesions of the ankle usually occur as a result of synovial, or capsular irritation secondary to traumatic injuries, usually ankle sprains, leading to chronic ankle pain. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate arthroscopic debridement of an anterolateral soft tissue impingement of the ankle. During the period between October 2000 and February 2004, 23 patients with residual complaints after an ankle sprain were diagnosed as anterolateral impingement of the ankle, and were treated by arthroscopic debridement. At a minimum of 6 months follow up, patients were asked to complete an American orthopaedic foot and ankle society (AOFAS) ankle and hind foot score. The average follow-up was 25 months (range 12–38). The average pre-operative patient assessed AOFAS score was 34 (range 4–57). At the end of follow-up the mean AOFAS score was 89 (range 60–100). In terms of patient satisfaction 22 patients said they would accept the same arthroscopic procedure again for the same complaints. At the end of follow-up, 7 patients had excellent results, and 14 patients had good results while two patients had fair results. We believe that arthroscopic debridement of the anterolateral impingement soft tissues are a good, and effective method of treatment.     

Pulmonary artery catheterization: a modified technique

A modified technique for catheterization of the pulmonary artery was developed. It involves the passage of a tapered, movable-core, J-tipped guide wire across the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery followed by the advancement of a straightened Grollman pigtail catheter. The technique was successful in 34 of 34 pulmonary artery catheterizations. The method avoids prolonged catheter manipulation within the right ventricle. In addition, since the catheter does not cross the tricuspid valve until the guide wire has been advanced, the occasional complication of the pigtail "hooking" on a tricuspid valve leaflet or chordae tendineae during catheter withdrawal and manipulation is prevented.     

浸润性膀胱癌48例钬激光综合治疗疗效分析

目的 探讨肌层浸润性膀胱癌保留膀胱手术即钬激光肿瘤汽化剜除术＋膀胱内灌注化疗治疗的临床疗效。方法对2006年4月~2010年6月经尿道膀胱肿瘤钬激光剜除术后确诊为肌层浸润性膀胱癌（T2N0M0）并保留膀胱的48例患者,术后给予膀胱灌注化疗并进行回顾性分析。结果48例患者均获得随访,随访时间36个月,平均32.0个月。46例患者无复发及转移。2例术后复发。复发患者均行全膀胱切除术,无死亡病例。无明显并发症。结论对采用钬激光剜除术保留膀胱手术的肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者,术后采用膀胱内灌注化疗的治疗方法,能有效减少肿瘤复发,提高患者的生活质量。