广西东兰县壮族长寿老人HLA-DQA1和HLA-DQB1基因的多态性

目的了解长寿老人的人类白细胞抗原DQA1、DQB1(HLADQA1、HLADQB1)基因多态性的特点,探讨HLA与长寿的相关性。方法应用聚合酶链式反应序列特异引物(PCRSSP)对东兰县150名90岁以上壮族长寿老人(90~105岁)和143名当地健康、无血缘关系、随机抽样的壮族成年人(20~76岁)进行HLADQA1和HLADQB1两座位的基因分型并进行相应等位基因频率的比较。结果①长寿组等位基因HLADQA10102的频率明显高于对照组(分别为4133%和2832%,P<005);②长寿组HLADQA10101及HLADQB10301的频率分别为367%和900%,明显低于对照组的1364%和2168%(P均<001)。③其余各相应等位基因频率之间的比较无显著差异(P值均>005)。相关分析显示,HLADQA10102与长寿呈正相关,而DQA10101及DQB10301呈负相关(OR分别为13083、02410及03296;P分别<005、001及001)。结论在东兰县壮族人群中,带有HLADQA10102等位基因的个体可能有利于长寿,而HLADQA10101和DQB10301则可能是长寿的不利因子。     

广西巴马县壮族长寿老人HLA-DRB1基因的多态性

目的探讨人类白细胞抗原DRB1(HLA DRB1)基因与长寿的相关性。方法应用聚合酶链式反应序列特异引物(PCR SSP)对广西巴马县109名90岁以上壮族长寿老人(90～103岁)、56名80～89岁和71名当地健康、无血缘关系、生活习性相似、随机抽样的壮族成年人(23～70岁)进行HLA DRB1基因分型及相应等位基因频率的比较。结果在该研究群体中共检出13个HLA DRB1等位基因,最常见的等位基因是HLA DRB11501(长寿组、80岁组和对照组分别为26.61%、26.79%和26.06%),其次是HLA DRB11601/2(以上3组分别为14.22%、14.29%和16.20%)和HLA DRB11401/4(以上3组分别为11.93%、10.71%和11.97%);长寿组HLA DRB11201/2的频率与对照组比较有升高趋势,但无统计学意义;3组间其他相应等位基因频率的比较均无显著差异(P<0.05)。结论在巴马县壮族长寿人群的HLA DRB1座位上,没发现与其长寿明显相关的等位基因。     

北京HIV抗体阳性MSM中HLA—A—B—DRB1基因多态性与病毒载量相关性的初步研究

目的从基因水平了解北京艾滋病病毒（HIV）抗体阳性的男男性行为者人群（MSM）中,人类白细胞抗原（HLA）-A、-B、-DRB1位点的等位基因频率,分析其与HIV感染者自身病毒载量的关系。方法应用聚合酶链反应-序列特异性引物技术（PCR—SSP）,对北京32例HIV阳性MSM进行了HLA—A、-B、-DRB1等位基因分型。结果鉴定了12个HLA—A等位基因,21个HI．A—B等位基因,12个HLA—DRB1等位基因。最常见的等位基因分别为A＊02（26．56％）、B＊40（17．19％）和DRB1＊15（20．31％）。含有A＊02等位基因组者的血浆病毒载量,较不含有此等位基因组者低（P-0．002）,而含有HI,AB＊40和HLA—DRB1＊15等位基因组者的血浆病毒载量,较不含有对应等位基因组者高（HLA—B＊40：P-0．799;HLADRB1＊15：P=0．021）。结论北京HIV阳性MSM人群HLA—A、-B、-DRB1基因多态性较高。HLA—A＊02等位基因在该人群中可能与延缓AIDS疾病进程相关,而HLA—DRB1＊15等位基因可能与加速该人群AIDS疾病进程相关。     

山东地区新生儿脐血HLA-A、HLA-B等位基因多态性研究

目的研究山东地区新生儿脐血人类白细胞抗原（HLA—A、HLA—B）等位基因的分布特征．探讨国人用山东脐血供者进行造血干细胞移植的可能性。方法应用PCR—SS0方法对山东地区5844例无血缘关系的汉族健康新生儿脐血进行HLA—A、HLA—B等位基因分布调查。结果检出20种HLA—A等位基因，频率较高的为A＊02（0．3041）、A＊11（0．1443）、A＊24（0．1434）、A＊30（0．0975）和A＊33（0．0859），较低的为A＊34（0．0006）、A＊25（0．0005）、A＊66（0．0005）、A＊74（0．0004）和A＊36（0．0001）。检出46种HLA—B等位基因．频率较高的为B＊13（0．1348）、B＊51（0．0713）、B＊62（0．0712）、B＊61（0．0676）和B＊60（0．0642），较低的为B＊77（0．0001）．B＊76（0．0002）．B＊47（0．0003），B＊42（0．0003）和B＊72（0．0004）。结论山东新生儿脐血HLAI类基因具有多态性，能代表山东汉族人群HLA的分布特征，反映北方汉族HLA的分布规律；国人（尤其是北方汉族人）在山东脐血库中最容易找到HLAI类等位基因相合的异基因脐血供者。     

壮族人2型糖尿病HLA—DQA1基因遗传易感性的研究

目的：探讨壮族2型糖尿病患者（DM）及其并发症与人类白细胞抗源（HLA）的相关性。方法：采用聚合酶链反应－序列特异性引物（PCR－SSP）法,对40例壮族2型DM患者和82名壮族正常人HLA－DQA1位点进行基因分型研究。结果：壮族人2型DM组DQA1＊0104等位基因频率明显低于对照组（P＜0．001）,DQA1＊0401等位基因频率明显高于对照组（P＜0．001）。结论：壮族2型DM与HLA有关联,壮族和汉族2型DMA与HLA有不同的关联格局。     

STR基因多态性与巴马地区老人长寿的关系

目的 探讨广西巴马长寿老人TH01等15个STR多态位点与长寿的关系.方法 调查巴马长寿区长寿老人167例(长寿组),非长寿区的长寿老人22例(对照1组),非长寿区无长寿家族史的健康对照者134例(对照2组).采用多色荧光标记的聚合酶链反应-短串联重复序列(PCR-STR)技术及自动测序法,检测各组人群TH01等15个STR位点等位基因分型.比较长寿组和各对照组等位基因及基因型频率的差异.结果 长寿组分别与各对照组相比频率有差异(P<0.05)的等位基因或基因型如下: TH01-A10、CSF1PO-A9、TH01A9-10频率低于对照1组;D19S433-A17、D7S820-A10、D7S820-A11频率高于对照2组, D7S820-A12/A13/A14三个等位基因、vWA-A17、D8S1179-A15、D5S818 A10-12低于对照2组.结论 巴马长寿群体有着自己特有的、异于其他地区长寿群体的STR等位基因分布.在巴马长寿人群中发现了TH01、CSF1PO、vWA、D19S433、D7S820、D5S818、D8S1179等位点等位基因的置换或突变可能与长寿或衰老的进程相关.     

广西梧州籍汉族α-地中海贫血患者HLA-A、B等位基因多态性及单倍型分析

目的分析广西梧州籍汉族α-地中海贫血患者人类白细胞抗原（HLA）-A、B在高分辨基因分型水平上的等位基因多态性和单倍型的分布特征。方法采用聚合酶链反应-直接测序分型法（PCR-SBT）,对广西梧州籍汉族117例α-地中海贫血患者的HLA-A、B位点进行高分辨基因分型,用直接计数法计算等位基因频率,应用Arlequin V3.5软件,以最大似然法分析单倍型频率。结果在117例α-地中海贫血患者中共检出高分辨HLA-A等位基因17个,HLA-B等位基因33个。A位点等位基因频率最高的是A＊11：01（27.35%）,B位点等位基因频率最高的是B＊40：01（15.38%）和B＊46：01（14.96%）。频率最高的HLA-A-B单倍型有A＊33：03-B＊58：01（11.49%）、A＊02：07-B＊46：01（8.33%）、A＊11：01-B＊40：01（6.34%）。连锁不平衡最显著的单倍型是A＊33：03-B＊58：01、A＊02：07-B＊46：01、A＊74：02-B＊51：01、A＊02：03-B＊38：02、A＊11：02-B＊27：04。结论广西梧州籍汉族α-地中海贫血患者HLA-A、B等位基因具有较高的多态性,其双座位单倍型具有地区性遗传特征。     

广西巴马壮族长寿老人p53基因的多态性研究

目的探讨抑癌基因p53第4外显子第72位密码子（codon72）与人类长寿的关系。方法应用PCR—RFLP技术对巴马156例（年龄90-105岁，平均93．2岁，长寿组）健康壮族长寿老人和142例健康壮族成年人（年龄20-72岁，平均34．8岁，对照组）的p53基因进行分型，了解这些基因的多态性，分析该基因（型）频率在长寿组和对照组之间的差异及其与长寿的关系。结果长寿组p53codon72片段的野生型（G／G）频率明显高于对照组（53％：29％，P〈0．05）。结论p53基因的多态性与人类长寿有着较为密切的联系，其具体作用机制有待进一步研究。     

陕西地区造血干细胞捐献者人类白细胞抗原HLA等位基因频率分析

目的：了解陕西地区人类白细胞抗原（HLA）-A、B、DRB1等位基因分布的特征。方法：采用PCR-SSP和PCR-SSOP方法对10122名造血干细胞捐献者样本进行HLA-A、B、DRB1等位基因分型分析。结果：鉴定了20个A等位基因,34个B等位基因,14个DRB1等位基因。频率最高的基因型分别为A＊02、B＊15、DRB1＊15,其相应基因频率分别为30.03%、14.09%和15.51%。结论：陕西地区人群HLA-A、B、DRB1等位基因频率具有较丰富的多态性。     

江浙沪汉族人群稀有HLA等位基因频率分布调查及与不同人群分布比较

目的：调查江浙沪汉族人群稀有HLA等位基因频率分布，并与不同人群进行稀有等位基因分布比较。方法：采用聚合酶链反应-序列特异性寡核苷酸探针（PCR—SSOP）和聚合酶链反应-序列特异性引物技术（PCR-SSP）对江浙沪3100例无关健康汉族人群标本进行HLA分型，计算HLA等位基因频率，统计基因频率低于0．020的稀有HLA等位基因。使用SPSS13．0软件对分型结果与不同人群进行卡方检验，比较稀有等位基因分布的差异。结果：本次调查未能检出A＊3601、A＊4301、A＊8001、B＊4005、B＊1401、B＊1402、B＊1503、B＊7301等稀有等位基因，检出频率最高的为B＊4801，共检出99例，基因频率1．61％。结论：不同人群间稀有HLA等位基因分布具有差异性，中国人群与黑人之间差异性尤其显著。在器官移植、血小板同型输注等临床医学实践中，丁解稀有HLA等位基因在不同人群中分布有着重要意义。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.