Lingual Bronchogenic Cyst in a Child: An Unusual Site of Presentation

We describe a 4-year-old hispanic male with a bronchogenic cyst (BC) in the base of the tongue. To our knowledge, a BC has not been previously reported in the oral cavity. BC is a developmental anomaly believed to originate from abnormal detachments of accessory lung buds from the ventral foregut. We postulate that the unusual location of the BC in the present case is related to the primitive foregut origin of tongue epithelium posterior to the foramen cecum and the sulcus terminalis. A BC in the base of the tongue appears to represent the most proximal expression of aberrant accessory lung bud detachment from the primitive foregut.     

Cutaneous Bronchogenic Cyst of the Back: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Cutaneous and subcutaneous cysts with ciliated pseudostratified columnar (respiratory) epithelium present a diagnostic dilemma. We report a case of a bronchogenic cyst occurring on the back. The differential diagnosis includes branchial cleft cyst, thyroglossal duct cyst, cutaneous ciliated cyst, and mature cystic teratoma. We review reports of extrapulmonary bronchogenic cysts and discuss their possible embryology.     

Fetal Vesicoallantoic Cyst and Intraabdominal Defects: An Unusual Case and Review of the Literature

We present an unusual and, until now, unreported case of vesicoallantoic cyst associated with multiple malformations in a fetus. A differential diagnosis is discussed, including the hypothesis of a genetic disorder.     

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the lung arising at the primary site of a bronchogenic cyst: clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular findings

Primary lung tumors are rare in children, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) represents less than 10% of them. Additionally, MEC arising from bronchogenic cysts (BC) is particularly unusual. We describe the clinical and genetic findings on a MEC occurring within a previous location of a BC in an adolescent. This particular association has not been previously reported. The lesion revealed normal karyotype without the typical t(11;19)(q21;p13) translocation. Cyclin D1 overexpression (165-fold increase) was demonstrated by real-time PCR although FISH assessment showed normal hybridization at 11q13. Information on these unusual clinical presentations may present relevant insight on tumorigenesis of infrequent pediatric pulmonary tumors.     

Pseudoaprosencephaly: Aplasia of the Forebrain in a Median Facial Cleft Syndrome with Arhinia and Anophthalmia

Report of a female fetus aborted at the 25th week of gestation, with severe microcephalus, trigonocephaly, median cleft lip and palate, arhinia, and anophthalmia. On opening of the skull the cranial cavity seemed to be occupied only by hindbrain structures. The forebrain, including the tentorium cerebelli and the falx were absent. However, in the light microscope membraneous remnants of a collapsed forebrain vesicle were found. They were connected with the mid-brain brain and appeared as glio-mesenchymal membranes with an ependymal out-line at their inner surface. There was no cranioschisis. The formal relationship of this forebrain malformation to abobar dorsal sac holoprosencephaly, and its separation from hydranencephaly are discussed. In view of the gross absence of the telencephalon and the microscopic demonstration of remnants of a prosencephalic vesicle it is suggested to term this “missing link” in the classification of human CNS malformations pseudoaprosencephaly.     

Malignant Mesenchymoma Associated with a Congenital Lung Cyst in a Child: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Primary lung tumors are uncommon in children, and malignant mesenchymal tumors form only a small proportion of these. Leiomyosarcomas occur more commonly than rhabdomyosarcomas, whereas malignant mesenchymomas are exceedingly rare. Of the total number of primary pulmonary rhabdomyosarcomas and malignant mesenchymomas of lung reported in children, 50% have occurred in association with congenital lung cysts. The relationship between abnormal morphogenesis and neoplasia is well documented in the kidney. A similar relationship may exist in the lung between cystic parenchymal maldevelopment and embryonal mesenchymal tumors. We report a 4-year-old boy with a malignant mesenchymoma of lung arising within a congenital lung cyst; one similar case has previously been reported to our knowledge.     

39例儿童头颈部横纹肌肉瘤临床特点及治疗转归

目的：探讨儿童头颈部横纹肌肉瘤的（RMS）临床特点及治疗转归。方法：回顾性分析北京同仁医院2004年11月至2010年11月收治的39例原发于头颈部的RMS患儿临床资料及治疗随访结果,其中男23例,女16例,年龄3个月至14岁,中位年龄6.0岁。结果：39例患儿临床主要表现为眼球突出及眼睑肿胀(56%,22/39),鼻塞及鼻出血占28%（11/39）,面颊包块占15%（6/39）。39例患儿中,原发部位以眼睑及眼眶为主（56%,22/39）,其次为鼻咽部及筛窦（28%,11/39）。37例有明确病理分型,大多数患儿为胚胎型（89%,33/37）。39例患儿中位随访时间为38个月(10~80个月),放弃治疗4例,获随访35例。35例患儿中,行单纯手术4例,单纯化疗1例, 手术+化疗12例,手术+放疗2 例,手术+化疗+放疗13例(其中8例行125I放射性粒子植入术治疗),手术+化疗+放疗+自体外周血造血干细胞移植（APBSCT）2例,化疗+APBSCT 1例。其中7例复发,5例死亡,总生存率86%（30/35）,完全缓解率达66%（23/35）,部分缓解率达20%（7/35）,8例粒子植入术治疗患儿6例达无瘤生存。结论：RMS患儿临床表现主要为眼球突出及眼睑肿胀;眼部及鼻咽是儿童头颈部RMS多发部位;病理分型以胚胎型为主;包括化疗、手术、125I粒子组织间植入及APBSCT等多种综合治疗方法可有效提高RMS患儿缓解率。     

Ectopic drainage of the common bile duct into the lesser curvature of the gastric antrum in a newborn with pyloric atresia,annular pancreas and congenital short bowel syndrome

We report a newborn with bilious vomiting and the rare combination of pyloric atresia, annular pancreas and ectopic drainage of the common bile duct into the lesser curvature of the gastric antrum. Radiologic, sonographic and percutaneous transhepatic transcholecystic cholangiographic (PTTC) findings, with surgical correlation, are presented.     

Dysplastic features,growth retardation,malrotation of the gut,and fatal ventricular septal defect in a 4-month-old girl with ring chromosome 15

A 20-day-old female neonate was admitted with symptoms caused by a large ventricular septal defect which was subsequently confirmed angiographically. Other clinical findings were pre-and postnatal growth retardation, microcephaly, dysmorphism of ears, fingers and feet. Cytogenetic analysis revealed a ring chromosome 15. Despite a palliative banding operation of the pulmonary artery, the infant succumbed to complications of her congenital heart disease in the 4th month of life.Abbreviations NOR nucleolar organizer regions     

An evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of a five-component acellular pertussis, diphtheria, and tetanus toxoid vaccine (DTaP) when combined with a Haemophilus influenzae type b-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine (PRP-T) in Taiwanese infants

OBJECTIVE: Immunologic interference particular to the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) response has been observed with previous acellular pertussis-Hib combination vaccines. To test this hypothesis a clinical trial to assess the safety and immunogenicity of a five-component (pertussis toxoid [PT], filamentous hemagglutinin [FHA], pertactin [PRN], and fimbriae 2 and 3 [FIM]), pertussis vaccine combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (DTaP) when given simultaneously with a lyophilized Hib-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine (PRP-T) in infants at 2, 4, 6, and 18 months of age was conducted. The study compared two methods of administration: both vaccines combined in a single syringe and administered as a single injection, or both vaccines administered concurrently but at separate sites of injection. METHODS: Healthy 2-month-old infants were enrolled at the National Taiwan University Hospital. DTaP, PRP-T, and oral poliomyelitis vaccine (OPV) were given at 2, 4, 6, and 18 months. Reaction information was collected by telephone 2 days after each vaccination. Serum was collected at 2, 6, 7, 18, and 19 months of age. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-five healthy infants were enrolled in Taiwan, of which 127 (94%) completed the 18-month booster: 68 received the combined vaccine and 67 the separate vaccines. All vaccines were well tolerated. No differences in rates of local and systemic reactions were seen between the two methods of administration. No serious adverse events were reported. Serologic responses were comparable between the groups. Pertussis responses (enzyme-liked immunoabsorbant assay units [EU]/mL) at 7 months were, for combined versus separate, PT (131 vs 105), FHA (116 vs 116), PRN (100 vs 77), and FIM (922 vs 702). At 19 months, pertussis results were, for combined versus separate, PT (216 vs 182), FHA (203 vs 200), PRN (263 vs 197), and FIM (892 vs 732). Only the 7-month PT response in the combined group was significantly higher (combined 131 EU/mL vs separate 105 EU/mL). After the third dose (age 6 months), all subjects achieved serologic serum antibody levels indicative of protection against Hib, diphtheria, tetanus, and poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3. In fact, 96% of children had anti-PRP levels indicative of protection (>/=0.15 microgram/mL) against Hib after only two doses. At 7 months, anti-PRP geometric mean titer values were 11.8 micrograms/mL in the combined group compared with 13.0 micrograms/mL in the separate group. The anti-PRP geometric mean titers after the 18-month booster were 58.5 micrograms/mL in the combined group versus 55.3 micrograms/mL in the separate group. CONCLUSION: The five-component DTaP vaccine may be combined with PRP-T vaccine without clinically significant immunologic interaction when given in a 2-, 4-, 6-, and 18-month schedule.