手术治疗髋臼双柱骨折(附21例报告)

目的 :探讨髋臼双柱骨折的手术治疗效果。方法 :对手术治疗的 2 1例髋臼双柱骨折患者进行回顾性分析。单纯K L入路 1例 ,单纯髂腹股沟入路 3例 ,K L联合髂腹股沟入路 17例。全部采用重建钢板及螺钉固定。结果 :骨折复位程度按照Matta标准 ,解剖复位 15例 ,满意复位 4例 ,不满意复位 2例。 17例获得随访 ,随访 1～ 5年 (平均 1.7年 ) ,髋关节功能评分采用改良Merled’Aubigne和Postel髋关节评分标准 :优 8例 ,良 5例 ,可 2例 ,差 2例 ,优良率为 78.6%。结论 :严格掌握手术指征、选择合适入路、骨折准确复位、牢固固定、可取得良好治疗效果     

前后联合入路治疗移位的复杂髋臼骨折

目的研究经髂腹股沟入路和Kocher-Langenbeck（K-L）联合切口手术内固定治疗移位的累及髋臼双柱的复杂髋臼骨折的临床疗效。方法分析我院自2003年1月至2008年12月通过前后联合切口手术内固定治疗的38例移位的累及髋臼双柱的复杂髋臼骨折患者。本组患者均获得随访,随访时间6～48个月,平均30个月。术后骨折复位质量、X线表现按Matta标准评估,远期髋关节功能和异位骨化率按D′Aubigne和Brooker标准评估。结果解剖复位29例,满意复位6例,不满意复位3例。髋关节功能优32例,良4例,可2例,优良率94.7%。髂腹股沟入路无一例异位骨化;K-L入路～度异位骨化4例,度异位骨化1例,无一例感染。结论前后联合入路手术内固定治疗移位的累及髋臼双柱的复杂髋臼骨折术中能更好的显露,便于骨折复位,固定稳定,临床效果好,并发症少。     

前后路联合手术治疗髋臼双柱骨折疗效分析

目的:探讨前后路联合手术治疗髋臼双柱骨折的效果并分析影响疗效的相关因素。方法:2007年8月至2009年7月收治髋臼双柱骨折患者19例,男13例,女6例;年龄27～52岁,平均39.6岁。高位双柱骨折11例,低位双柱骨折8例,双柱骨折累及骶髂关节1例。受伤至手术时间4～11 d,平均5.8 d。患者均采用前后联合入路手术,重建钢板和螺钉内固定。结果:除1例死亡外本组全部获随访,随访时间12～18个月,平均13.6个月。关节功能根据Harris评分标准,术后功能优9例,良7例,可2例。结论:经前后路联合切开复位内固定治疗髋臼双柱骨折疗效满意。     

髋臼双柱骨折的临床特点与前后联合入路手术治疗

目的 探讨髋臼双柱骨折的临床特点和手术治疗。方法 应用前后联合入路治疗髋臼双柱骨折13例。结果 本组13例中达到解剖复位10例，复位欠佳2例，不满意复位1例；随访1～4年，平均2年。结果 解剖复位组关节功能表现优良9例，可1例；复位欠佳组关节功能表现良1例，可1例；不满意复位组关节功能表现差1例。结论 前后联合人路是治疗移位髋臼双柱骨折的最佳选择。     

髋臼双柱骨折的临床特点与前后联合入路手术治疗

目的　探讨髋臼双柱骨折的临床特点和手术治疗。方法　应用前后联合入路治疗髋臼双柱骨折 1 3例。结果　本组 1 3例中达到解剖复位 1 0例 ,复位欠佳 2例 ,不满意复位 1例 ;随访 1～ 4年 ,平均 2年 ,结果解剖复位组关节功能表现优良 9例 ,可 1例 ;复位欠佳组关节功能表现良 1例 ,可 1例 ;不满意复位组关节功能表现差 1例。结论　前后联合入路是治疗移位髋臼双柱骨折的最佳选择     

髋臼移位骨折的手术治疗

目的 探讨手术治疗髋臼移位骨折的最佳时机、入路选择、复位方法及导致二期关节置换的原因. 方法 1978年9月～2003年12月手术治疗72例有移位的髋臼骨折患者,根据Letournel分型:前柱骨折6例,前壁骨折3例,后壁骨折19例,后柱+后壁骨折3例,后柱骨折7例,横行骨折10例,横行+后壁骨折4例,双柱骨折20例.手术入路:髂腹股沟入路22例,Kocher-Langenbeck(K-L)入路40例,联合人路10例.内固定方法:单纯螺钉固定髋臼后壁大块骨折12例,钢板固定60例. 结果术后X线片诊断(Matta标准):解剖复位53例(73.6%),满意复位10例(13.8%),不满意复位9例(12.5%).随访2～23年(平均7年),髋关节功能依据d'Aubigne标准评定:临床优良率为75.0%,可13.9%,差11.1%.依据Epstein标准X线片示优良率为72.0%,可15.2%,差12.5%.异位骨化按Brooker标准:髂腹股沟入路无异位骨化,K-L入路I～Ⅱ度5例,Ⅲ度1例.7例患者二期行髋关节置换术.结论 正确地掌握手术时机、手术入路和骨折复位方法是取得理想复位的关键,而理想的复位是获得满意疗效的基础.     

髋臼四方区复杂型骨折手术入路的选择

目的：根据复杂型髋臼四方区骨折的不同类型,探讨不同手术入路,以获得更好的手术暴露和更可靠的复住内固定。方法：自2006年1月至2011年1月共收治58例髋臼四方区骨折,男36例,女22例;年龄23～61岁,平均36．9岁。术前摄骨盆片及双斜位片,辅以CT扫描重建髋臼,按Letournel分型其中前柱15例,横形12例,T形7例,前柱伴后半横形9例,双柱骨折15例。分别采用单纯Kocher—Langenbeck（K—L）入路、髂腹股沟入路、改良的Stoppa入路手术、组合式联合手术入路,或者经改良Stoppa入路结合经皮髋臼前柱拉力螺钉固定。结果：49例患者获随访,时间2～6年,平均32个月,术后其中1例发生深部感染,经创口引流,配合有效抗生素后治愈,2例出现坐骨神经损伤,2例出现股骨头坏死。手术结果复位按Matta标准评定：解剖复位（移位〈1mm）36例,满意复位（移位1～3mm）8例,不满意复位（移位〉3ram）5例。关节功能按Merle d＇Aubigne和Postel标准评定：优32例,良12例,可4例,差1倒,总分（15．3±2．5）。结论：采用单一的手术入路只能解决一部分类型的髋臼复杂型四方区骨折,更多的需要采用联合入路,改良的Stoppa入路结合髂腹股沟前入路或者结合前柱髋臼螺钉通常是解决复杂型四方区骨折移位有效的手术入路,临床疗效满意。     

常规髋臼手术入路加大转子截骨治疗复杂髋臼骨折

目的 探讨常规髋臼手术入路加大转子截骨治疗复杂髋臼]骨折的疗效 方法 2006年1月至2009年12月共收治13例复杂髋臼骨折患者,男10例,女3例;年龄21 ～52岁,平均39.3岁;骨折根据Letournel-Judet分型:双柱骨折10例,T形骨折2例,前方+后方半横断骨折1例.受伤至手术时间为8～18d,平均12.1d.所有患者均采用常规髋臼手术入路(Kocher-Langenbeck入路或Kocher-Langenbeck加髂腹股沟联合入路)加大转子截骨治疗.术后采用改良Merle d'Aubigné和Postel 评分标准评定患者疗效,同时记录患者术后并发症的发生情况. 结果 13例患者术后获平均26个月(14 ～34个月)随访.骨折复位质量:解剖复位5例,良好复位7例,不满意复位(髋臼顶存在压缩骨折)1例.大转子截骨均愈合良好.根据改良Merle d'Aubigné和Postel评分标准评定患者疗效:优4例,良5例,中4例,优良率为69.2％.3例(23.1％)患者发生异位骨化,3例(23 1％)患者发生创伤性关节炎.无感染及股骨头缺血性坏死等并发症发生. 结论 髋臼前方+后方半横断骨折、T形骨折及双柱累及髋臼顶的骨折可通过在常规入路中加用大转子截骨治疗,手术显露好且有利于复位和固定,术后患者功能恢复良好.     

髋臼双柱骨折合并后壁骨折的手术治疗

目的 探讨髋臼双柱合并后壁骨折的临床特点和手术疗效.方法 对29例髋臼双柱合并后壁骨折采用双切口分步入路切开复位,重建钢板内固定.结果 按Matta标准,解剖复位21例,满意复位5例,不满意复位3例.随访13～38个月,平均19个月,关节功能按d'Aubinge-Possel评分系统评定,优17例,良6例,可3例,差3例.结论 双切口分步入路,重建钢板固定是治疗髋臼双柱合并后壁骨折的有效方法.     

手术治疗髋臼横形骨折伴后壁骨折

目的 介绍应用前后入路治疗髋臼横行骨折伴后壁骨折的手术经验。方法 回顾分析1999-2006年收治的资料完整的手术治疗髋臼横形骨折伴髋臼后壁骨折或股骨头脱位患者11例，按照Letournel-Judet骨折分型为复杂骨折中髋臼横形骨折伴髋臼后壁骨折，按AO分型为B1-2型。骨折采用重建钢板及螺钉固定。结果 全部患者均得以随访，平均随访3年。复位情况按Judet等方法进行评估，解剖复位6例，满意复位4例，不满意1例。髋关节功能按美国矫形外科研究院髋关节功能的方法进行评估，优6例，良可4例，差1例。结论 手术是髋臼横形骨折伴髋臼后壁骨折治疗的有效方法，前后入路、复位质鼍、牢固固定是治疗关键。     

前后路联合切口治疗严重移位的髋臼骨折

目的总结应用前后路联合切口治疗累及双柱髋臼骨折的治疗经验。方法应用前后路联合切口治疗累及双柱的髋臼骨折25例。根据Letournel分型：横形骨折3例，横形加后壁骨折8例，双柱骨折9例，T形骨折5例。手术首先在移位明显的一侧进行。15例先选择前入路，后采用后路；10例先选择后入路，后采用前路。结果平均随诊23．2个月。根据改良的Merled Aubigne和Postel评分标准评价临床结果，其中优4例，良14例，一般3例，差4例，优良率为72％。2例出现深部感染，2例发生股骨头坏死，严重异位骨化的发生率为12％。结论对累及双柱的髋臼骨折，当一侧入路不能完成复位及内固定时，选择前后路联合入路可提高手术效果。     

髋臼骨折的手术治疗

目的：报道切开复位内固定治疗髋臼骨折的方法和结果。方法：按照ＪｕｄｅｔＬｅｔｏｕｒｎｅｌ分型：髋臼前壁骨折２例,前柱骨折５例,前壁合并前柱骨折３例,双柱骨折５例,后壁骨折４例,后壁合并后柱骨折７例,横行骨折４例。手术入路：髂腹股沟切口１３例,Ｋｏｃｈｅｒｌａｎｇｅｂｅｃｋ切口１１例,髂股切口３例,髂腹股沟切口＋ＫｏｃｈｅｒＬａｎｇｅｎｂｅｃｋ切口３例。骨折复位后用预弯的骨盆钢板内固定。结果：随访６～１８个月,按照Ｍａｔａ标准：优１３例,良８例,中５例,差４例。结论：根据髋臼骨折类型选择切口入路,骨折复位满意,内固定可靠,功能恢复好。     

重建钢板联合记忆合金骑缝钉治疗髋臼骨折

目的探讨重建钢板联合记忆合金骑缝钉治疗髋臼骨折的可行性及临床效果。方法对2003年5月～2004年12月收治的17例髋臼骨折患者按照Letournel分类:T形骨折2例,后柱骨折3例,后柱并后壁骨折2例,后壁并横行骨折2例,前柱骨折1例,前柱并横行骨折2例,双柱骨折2例,双柱及前后壁骨折3例。根据骨折类型分别采用单一或联合髂腹股沟入路、髋臼后侧入路,行重建钢板联合记忆合金骑缝钉内固定治疗。结果本组患者骨折复位质量按照Matta的评分标准,16例达到解剖复位,1例复位欠佳。所有患者获得9～21个月(平均13个月)随访,采用Modified d’Aubigne and Postal功能评定标准:优14例,良2例,可1例,优良率为94．1％;本组有1例发生创伤性关节炎,未见异位骨化发生。结论术前骨折分类的明确、合适入路的选择、满意的解剖复位及可靠的内固定是治疗髋臼骨折的关键,采用重建钢板联合记忆合金骑缝钉的内固定方式是一种有效的治疗方法。     

经皮空心钉结合重建钢板治疗复杂髋臼骨折

目的 通过与传统双侧入路[髂腹股沟联合Kocher-Langerbeck(K-L)入路]对比研究,探讨单纯后路经皮空心钉固定前柱联合重建钢板固定后柱治疗复杂髋臼骨折的疗效. 方法 2004年4月至2007年5月,采用手术方法 治疗复杂髋臼骨折48例,横形合并后壁骨折22例,双柱骨折16例,前柱合并后壁骨折3例,"T"形骨折3例,前柱合并后半横形骨折4例.采用双入路(髂腹股沟入路和K-L入路)治疗22例,K-L入路经皮下空心钉从坐骨结节斜向上打入固定前柱骨折、重建钢板固定后壁后柱骨折26例.结果 40例患者获6个月～3年1个月(平均1年6个月)随访,双入路手术组19例,经皮空心钉组21例.双入路手术组和经皮空心钉组的手术时间分别为(175.56±50.32)、(92.82±20.56)min,手术出血量分别为(1830.22±655.40)、(988.55±321.64)mL;按Matta复位标准解剖复位分别为10、11例,满意复位8、10例,不满意复位1、0例;髋关节功能评价,优分别为8、12例,良6、7例,一般5、2例;术后并发症分别为8、3例.两组在满意复位率和髋关节功能优良率方面差异无统计学意义.但在手术时间与术中出血量方面,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05). 结论 单纯后路经皮从坐骨结节斜向上打入空心钉固定前柱联合重建钢板固定后柱治疗复杂髋臼骨折,使双侧入路简化为单侧K-L人路,从而减化了手术步骤,减少了术中出血及术后并发症.     

经腹直肌外侧切口入路联合跟骨异形钢板内固定治疗累及四边体的髋臼骨折

目的：探讨应用经腹直肌外侧切口入路联合翼形跟骨钢板治疗累及四边体的髋臼骨折和骨盆后柱骨折的疗效。方法：回顾性分析2017年1月至2021年4月收治的累及四边体的髋臼骨折和骨盆后柱骨折患者21例,其中男12例,女9例;年龄21～73(43.23±6.45)岁。所有患者采用经腹直肌外侧切口入路联合翼形钢板切开复位内固定治疗,其中12例骨盆合并前后柱骨折,7例髋臼骨折并累及四边体,2例髋臼骨折伴中心性脱位。结果：21例患者均获得随访,时间12～36(18.60±6.45)个月,骨折均愈合。术后根据Matta影像学复位评价：11例骨盆前后柱骨折为解剖复位,1例为满意复位,7例累及四边体的髋臼骨折为解剖复位,1例伴中心型脱位为解剖复位,1例为满意复位。改良Merle D’Aubigne-Postel髋关节评分13～17分。结论：腹直肌外侧切口入路辅以联合翼形钢板治疗累及四边体的复杂髋臼、骨盆骨折可以获得良好的放射学及临床结果,对复杂骨盆骨折及髋臼四边体骨折的治疗具有优越性。     

髋臼骨折的手术治疗

目的 探讨髋臼骨折的分型、手术入路的选择及手术效果.方法 手术治疗22例髋臼骨折患者,后壁骨折和后柱加后壁骨折选择K-L入路,前柱、前壁骨折及横断骨折选择髂腹股沟入路,前后移位明显的横断骨折、T形骨折、双柱骨折选择前后联合入路.结果 22例均获随访,时间6个月~5年,骨折6~9个月均愈合.按Matta评定标准:解剖复位 9例,满意复位13例.根据改良的Merle d′Aubigne-Poster髋关节功能评分标准:优7例,良10例,可4例,差1例.1例股骨头坏死,3例创伤性关节炎,2例异位骨化.结论 按髋臼骨折的分型选择合适的手术入路和良好的骨折复位内固定是获得满意疗效的前提.     

陈旧性髋臼骨折的手术重建

目的 探讨陈旧性髋臼骨折的手术技术和影响临床效果的相关因素.方法 2001年4月至2008年12月,经手术治疗并有完整随访资料的陈旧性髋臼骨折患者61例.男47例,女14例;平均年龄(38±3)岁.按Letournel分型:简单型骨折16例中,后壁骨折7例,后柱骨折2例,前柱骨折1例,横行骨折6例;复合型骨折45例中,后柱伴后壁骨折3例,横行伴后壁骨折7例,"T"形骨折4例,伴后方半横行骨折6例,双柱骨折25例.交通伤52例,坠落伤6例,挤压伤3例.伴颅脑损伤11例,胸腹脏器损伤15例,膀胱尿道损伤7例,伴多处骨折25例,术前有坐骨神经损伤症状者3例.损伤至手术的平均时间39 d.选择单一手术入路13例,前后联合入路48例;手术平均耗时(248±45)min,术中平均失血(2160±100)ml.结果 术后平均随访(61±8)个月.采用Matta的复位标准:解剖复位45例,不满意13例,差3例;根据改良Merle d'Aubingne和Postel临床结果评分:优38例,良13例,可6例,差4例.术后发生股骨头坏死3例(4.9%),异位骨化28例(45.9%),坐骨神经一过性麻痹4例(6.6%).结论 对陈旧性髋臼骨折通过适当的切开复位内固定,也可达到满意的临床结果.对简单型陈旧性髋臼骨折可选择单一入路,而对于复合型骨折原则上采用前后联合入路.手术医生的经验与复位优良率密切相关.

Abstract：

Objective To discuss the surgical technique of delayed acetabular fractures and its possible prognosis factors.Methods From April 2001 to November 2008,61 patients with delayed acetabular fractures were surgically treated.There were 47 males and 14 males,with an average age of 38 years.According to Letourael classification,16 simple fractures included 7 cases of posterior wall fractures,2 of posterior column fractures,1 of anterior column fractures and 6 of transverse fractures.Forty-five patients with mixed fractures included 3 cases with both fractures posterior column and wall,7 of transverse and posterior wall fractures,4 of T-shape fractures,6 of posteriorly semi-transverse fractures and 25 of both-columns fractures.Fifty-two patients suffered from traffic accident;6 patients were caused by falling from height and 3 suffered from crush injuries.Brain injuries occurred in 11 cases,thorax-abdominal injuries in 15,urinary tract injuries in 7,multiple fractures in 25.The injury of sciatic nerve was found in 3 patients preoperatively.The average interval form injury to surgery was 39 days.A single approach was employed in 13 cases,and combined antero-posterior approaches were employed in 48.The operation time was (248±45) min with a blood loss of (2160±100) ml averagely.Results The average follow-up was (61±8) months.The clinical result was evaluated by Matta reduction criteria,modified Merle d'Aubingne and Postel scoring system.Anatomical reduction was achieved in 45 cases;however,13 were unsatisfactory and 3 were poor.For clinical results,38 were graded as excellent,13 as good,6 as fair and 4 as poor.Osteonecrosis of the femoral head occurred in 3 cases (4.9%),and heterotopic ossification developed in 28 cases (45.9%).Additionally,4patients (6.6%) had a transient sciatic nerve paralysis.Conclusion Open reduction and internal fixation is a liable method for delayed acetabular fractures.Single approach is suitable for simple fractures;in principle and combined approaches are for compound delayed acetabular fractures.The reduction quality is closely related to surgeon's experience.     

Extensile triradiate approach in the management of combined acetabular fractures

Introduction We investigated the results of combined acetabular fractures that were treated through the extensile triradiate approach in this study.Materials and methods Between January 1996 and January 2001, a total of 48 acetabular fractures were treated surgically (mainly combined fractures). Twenty-five of the combined acetabular fractures that were surgically treated through the triradiate approach with a minimum of 2 years follow-up were included in the study. The mean patient age was 42 years. There were 8 both-column, 6 T-shaped, 2 anterior column/posterior hemitransverse, 4 transverse with comminuted roof area, 4 posterior wall with comminuted roof area, and 1 posterior column/posterior wall fracture. Associated injuries included two full-thickness chondral injuries of the head, one Pipkin type II fracture, five posterior and one central dislocation of the ipsilateral femoral head, and acetabular marginal impaction in four hips. The average follow-up was 44 months.Results The postoperative reduction was graded as excellent in 68% and imperfect in 8% of the patients. The hips were evaluated functionally according to the modified Postel-DAubigne score and rated as excellent in 7 patients (28%), good in 13 patients (52%), fair in 3 patients (12%) and poor in 2 patients (8%). There were 2 deep infections (8%), 2 avascular necroses of the head (8%), and 4 (16%) non-disabling heterotopic ossifications.Conclusion Our results support the idea that open reduction with the triradiate approach provides good visualization and direct reduction of combined acetabular fractures. Its learning curve for combined fractures is shorter than that for single approaches and provides at least the same rate of anatomical reduction. It should be in the armamentarium of a surgeon dealing with such fractures.     

Modified Kocher-Langenbeck approach in combined surgical exposures for acetabular fractures management

Background:

Displaced fractures of the acetabulum are best treated with anatomical reduction and rigid internal fixation. Adequate visualization of some acetabular fracture types may necessitate extensile or combined anterior and posterior approaches. Simultaneous anterior iliofemoral and posterior Kocher-Langenbeck (K-L) exposures with two surgical teams have also been described. To assess whether modified Kocher-Langenbeck (K-L) approach can substitute standard K-L approach in the management of elementary acetabular fractures other than the anterior wall and anterior column fractures and complement anterior surgical approaches in the management of complex acetabular fractures.

Materials and Methods:

20 patients with transverse and associated acetabular fractures requiring posterior exposure were included in this prospective study. In 9 cases (7 transverse, 1 transverse with posterior wall, and 1 posterior column with posterior wall), stabilization was done through modified K-L approach. In 11 cases (3 transverse and 8 associated fractures), initial stabilization through iliofemoral approach was followed by modified K-L approach.

Results:

The average operative time was 183 min for combined approach and 84 min for modified K-L approach. The postoperative reduction was anatomical in 17 patients and imperfect in 3 patients. The radiological outcome was excellent in 15, good in 4, and poor in one patient. The clinical outcome was excellent in 15, good in 3 and fair and poor in 1 each according to modified Merle d’Aubigne and Postel scoring system.

Conclusion:

We believe that modified K-L approach may be a good alternative for the standard K-L approach in the management of elementary fractures and associated fractures of the acetabulum when combined with an anterior surgical approach. It makes the procedure less invasive, shortens the operative time, minimizes blood loss and overcomes the exhaustion and fatigue of the surgical team.     

The Levine anterior approach for total hip replacement as the treatment for an acute acetabular fracture

The treatment of acetabular fractures in part relies on the selection of a specific surgical approach that allows for accurate reduction of fracture fragments. Moreover, these acetabular approaches were not developed for the insertion of a total hip replacement. Therefore, if a total hip arthroplasty is to be the treatment of an acute acetabular fracture, a single incision that permits reduction of the acetabular fracture fragments and ease of insertion of the arthroplasty components would be desirable. The Levine anterior approach provides both accesses to the anterior wall/column for reduction and fixation and to the femoral shaft for insertion of a total hip replacement. This paper describes that surgical technique and our initial clinical experience with this approach for acute acetabular fractures. A consecutive group of 10 patients with acetabular fractures, all involving the anterior wall/column with articular impaction (>50% of the acetabular roof) including 2 cases with an associated posterior hemitrans-verse component, were reviewed. After fracture reduction and fixation, a hybrid total hip replacement was implanted in all cases with an average acetabular component size of 56 mm (range 52-64). At a mean follow-up of 36 months (range 24-53), all fractures united, and all acetabular components remained fixed with no evidence of migration or loosening. There were 2 complications, a Brooker grade II heterotopic ossification and 1 postoperative anterior dislocation treated successfully with closed reduction and spica cast immobilization. The average Merle d'Aubigné hip score at latest follow-up was 16 (range 13-18). The Levine anterior approach is a reliable, safe, and efficient technique that permits early mobilization of patients with anterior wall/column acetabular fractures requiring a total hip replacement.