1例脑梗死静脉溶栓病例的思考

正1病例资料患者男性,60岁,因"左侧肢体无力3个多小时"入院。3 h前(上午9:00)无明显诱因突发左侧肢体无力,左上肢不能抬起,不能站立,言语不清,症状持续10余分钟后部分缓解能勉强站立。1个多小时前,患者左侧肢体无力、言语不清症状再次加重,急诊120送入我院。既往史:患有甲型病毒性肝炎病史,无高血压、糖尿病、心脏病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、肿瘤等慢性病史,无结核等传染病史。无药物及     

临床病理讨论——反复口角歪斜、左侧肢体无力 3d

1 临床资料 患者,男,72岁,汉族,退休电工.因"反复口角歪斜、左侧肢体无力3 d"入院.患者入院前3 d无明显诱因反复发作口角歪斜,左侧肢体无力,不能抬离床面,每次持续约10 min后可自行恢复,每日发作1次,共发作3次.发作时无肢体麻木、抽搐、头痛,无言语及意识障碍等.     

单侧大脑半球损伤导致吞咽困难一例

1病例简介患者,男性,29岁,主因“突发左侧肢体无力10h”于2006年12月21日收入院。患者入院当天清晨起床时无诱因出现左侧肢体无力,左上肢不能持物,右下肢不能站立及行走,不伴言语不清及意识障碍。颅脑CT检查未见异常。     

伴小脑梗死的丘脑性共济失调综合征1例报告

<正>丘脑性共济失调综合征临床较少见,现报告1例伴小脑梗死的丘脑性共济失调综合征如下。1病例患者,男,73岁。因"左侧肢体无力、行动失调伴言语不清8 h"于2013年8月31日入院。患者于凌晨3时出现左侧肢体无力、行动失调伴言语不清、头昏,无黑朦、意识不清、肢体麻木、饮水呛咳、恶心呕吐。既往有高血压史1年。查体:左侧上、下肢肌力Ⅴ-,左侧指鼻试验、轮替试验、跟-膝-胫试验不准,其他无异常。血常规、生化、肿瘤、甲状腺功能及     

双侧内囊后肢梗死1例报告

1 病例介绍 患者女性,85岁,主因"言语不能3.5小时"于2021年7月7日就诊于首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经内科急诊.发病后家属发现患者完全不能言语,但可以理解他人言语.口角歪斜,饮水呛咳,左侧上下肢体力弱.症状波动进展.到院时呈缄默状态,NIHSS评分12分(意识水平提问2分,凝视1分,面瘫1分,左上肢运动1...     

结节性硬化症合并脑出血1例报告

结节性硬化症(TSC)是单一常染色体显性遗传性疾病。现报告1例TSC合并脑出血如下。1病例女,41岁。因"不能言语、右侧肢体无力2周"于2011年2月12日入院。患者2周前劳动时突然出现不能言语及右侧肢体无力,无头痛及恶心呕吐,卧床2周无好转而来本院就诊。患者半岁时发作性肢体抽搐,服用抗癫痫药物(具体不详)效果不佳;14岁后癫痫发作明显减少而自行停服抗     

以双侧交替短暂性脑缺血发作为首发表现的动脉狭窄性缺血性卒中一例

患者 男性,65岁.因发作性肢体无力1周、口角歪斜、左侧肢体活动不利6h,2011年7月24日入院.入院前1周无明显诱因出现右侧肢体无力伴抖动、无抽搐,发作约5 min后缓解,无头痛、头晕,无口角歪斜、言语不利等伴随症状与体征.此后逐渐出现左侧肢体无力伴抖动,症状和发作时间同右侧;共发作7次,双侧肢体交替出现,每次发作持续数分钟.入院前6h突然出现口角歪斜、言语不清、左侧肢体不利、上肢不能持物、行走困难等症状与体征.患者既往无高血压、糖尿病及心脏病病史.偶饮酒,吸烟史40年(20支/d).无高血压及脑血管病家族史.     

帕金森综合征合并运动神经元病1例

1资料 患者男性,59岁,报社编辑,因"右侧肢体活动不灵活3年,言语不清2年,左侧肢体无力、不能行走4个月."于2007年8月入院.患者于2004年9月无明显诱因出现右下肢乏力,行走拖步.     

1例脑出血患者住院治疗期间突发吉兰-巴雷综合征

正1临床资料患者,女,66岁。因:"右侧肢体无力伴言语不清1h"入院。患者入院前约1h无明显诱因出现左侧肢体活动无力,伴言语不清,感头痛及头部不适,无恶心、呕吐,无肢体抽搐及大小便失禁。急来我院就诊,急诊行头颅CT检查示左侧颞枕叶高密度灶,局部脑组织及脑室枕角受压,无明显中线移位;双侧基底节区多发斑点状低密度灶(图1A、B)。多田公式计算血肿约24mL,入院BP153/93mmHg。既往有高血     

肺动静脉瘘致脑梗死一例

临床资料 患者,女,31岁,已婚,农民,因突起左侧肢体活动障碍、言语不清2 d入院.患者于2009年8月2日晨起床时突发左侧肢体活动障碍、言语不清,无头痛、恶心、呕吐,无吞咽困难、饮水呛咳及意识障碍,急送我院急诊科查头部CT未见明显异常,于8月3日以"脑梗死"收住我科.     

Mechanisms of the suppression of the nociceptive reflex of the opening of the mouth during stimulation of the structures of the limbic brain

The comparative effectiveness of the inhibitory influence of tetanic stimulation of hypothalamus, amygdala and limbic cortex on EMG-response of m. digastricus evoked by electrical stimulation of tooth pulp nociceptive afferents was studied in cats anesthetized with a mixture of chloralose and nembutal. It was found that inhibition of the EMG-component of the jaw-opening reflex is most pronounced in case of stimulation of medial and lateral region of the hypothalamus, the inhibitory effect of central and medial nuclei of the amygdala is less pronounced and the effect of the limbic cortex is the weakest. It was shown that the mechanism of the antinociceptive effect of tetanic stimulation of the hypothalamus is not related to the concomitant increase of the blood pressure. After stabilization of the blood pressure the suppressive effect of the hypothalamus remains without changes, that points out to a direct, primary, not baro-afferent mechanism of the inhibition of the activity of nociceptive neurons of the trigeminal sensory nuclei. Noradrenaline, injected intravenously, induced a large increase of the blood pressure accompanied by a pronounced inhibition of the pain reflex. Angiotensin causes the same degree of blood pressure elevation without changes in the amplitude of the EMG-response of the pain reflex. Hypothalamic and noradrenergic mechanisms for control of pain sensitivity are discussed.     

药物治疗与合并认知行为治疗对强迫症疗效的比较

目的探讨认知行为心理治疗(CBT)在强迫症(OCD)患者各亚型治疗中的有效性和规律性。方法本研究为临床对照研究。符合入组标准的强迫症患者按患者自愿原则分为两组,治疗观察3、6、12个月。疗效评定分别运用Yale-Brown强迫量表,自拟的自评好转程度量表和临床疗效评定。结果认知行为心理治疗合并药物治疗组31例,临床有效率70.9%,其中治愈率1.8%。单纯药物治疗组24例,临床有效率33.3%。Yale-Brown强迫量表和自评量表得分在6个月和12个月两组有显著差异(P<0.05)。其中强迫症亚型(怕脏型、反复检查型和反复担心型)的疗效比较,怕脏型在治疗3个月末两组间自评量表评分有显著性差异(P<0.05);反复担心型在治疗6个月末两组间Yale-Brown强迫量表总分有显著性差异(P<0.05);反复检查型两组间无统计学差异。结论认知行为心理治疗合并药物治疗强迫症的疗效明显优于单纯药物治疗。强迫症的亚型在治疗中的有效性次序为:反复担心型>怕脏型>反复检查型。     

Characteristics of the sympathetic innervation of the nictitating membrane and of the vasculature of the nose and tongue of the cat

Summary Vasomotor responses from the nasal mucosa and tongue, and contractions of the nictitating membrane, were recorded on stimulation of the cervical sympathetic or internal carotid nerves.Preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres which elicited a membrane response possessed a lower threshold than those which evoked nasal vasoconstriction, while the latter displayed a lower threshold than fibres which evoked tongue vasoconstriction. The sympathetic vasodilator fibres to the tongue, whose activity was revealed after-receptor blockade, had a similar threshold to the vasoconstrictor fibres.Membrane contraction, nasal vasoconstriction and occasionally tongue vasoconstriction could be evoked by stimulating the internal carotid nerve. The postganglionic fibres innervating the nasal mucosa had a similar threshold to those of the nictitating membrane, which may indicate that there are small myelinated fibres innervating the mucosa.The preganglionic compound nerve action potential had four major components, S₁–S₄. S₁, S₂ and usually S₃ fibres were associated with membrane contraction; S₂, S₃ and sometimes S₁ fibres were associated with nasal vasoconstriction; and S₃, usually S₂ and occasionally S₁ fibres were associated with vasoconstriction in the tongue. It is concluded that each of these three groups of nerve fibres, but not S₄ fibres, may include fibres associated functionally with the three effectors.There was a considerable difference between the relative amplitude of the responses of the three effectors elicited by stimulation of the cervical sympathetic nerve at frequencies between 0.2 and 2 Hz. Vasoconstrictor responses were relatively larger than membrane contractions suggesting differences in the mechanisms of neurotransmission at the neuroeffector junctions.     

Development of the projection from the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus to the superior colliculus in the ferret

Neurons in the deeper layers of the superior colliculus (SC) have spatially tuned receptive fields that are arranged to form a map of auditory space. The spatial tuning of these neurons emerges gradually in an experience-dependent manner after the onset of hearing, but the relative contributions of peripheral and central factors in this process of maturation are unknown. We have studied the postnatal development of the projection to the ferret SC from the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus (nBIC), its main source of auditory input, to determine whether the emergence of auditory map topography can be attributed to anatomical rewiring of this projection. The pattern of retrograde labeling produced by injections of fluorescent microspheres in the SC on postnatal day (P) 0 and just after the age of hearing onset (P29), showed that the nBIC-SC projection is topographically organized in the rostrocaudal axis, along which sound azimuth is represented, from birth. Injections of biotinylated dextran amine-fluorescein into the nBIC at different ages (P30, 60, and 90) labeled axons with numerous terminals and en passant boutons throughout the deeper layers of the SC. This labeling covered the entire mediolateral extent of the SC, but, in keeping with the pattern of retrograde labeling following microsphere injections in the SC, was more restricted rostrocaudally. No systematic changes were observed with age. The stability of the nBIC-SC projection over this period suggests that developmental changes in auditory spatial tuning involve other processes, rather than a gross refinement of the projection from the nBIC.     

A contribution to the study of the architecture of the autonomic nervous system of the digestive tract of the rat

Summary The distribution of aminergic and non-aminergic nerve fibres to the different constituents of the wall of the digestive tract in various regions is described. Aminergic fibres synapse with all nervous perikarya. Densely interlacing networks of nerve fibres are found in both layers of the tunica muscularis and in the lamina muscularis mucosae. A finely meshed plexus is observed in relation to the wall of the blood vessels in the wall of the gut. There are many fibres connecting the muscular and the vascular plexus. No nerve fibres have been observed in direct relation to the epithelium.The functional implications of these findings are discussed.