稀土暴露对人体免疫分子水平的影响

稀土元素有多种生物学活性。实验提示 ,稀土元素对神经、消化、呼吸、免疫、血液和生殖系统的作用较为显著[1] 。稀土吸收进入血液后主要分布于肝、脾并进入网状内皮系统 ,单核巨噬细胞系统是机体免疫系统的重要组成部分 ,所以有必要研究稀土对机体免疫系统功能的影响。动物实验结果表明稀土元素对某些细胞因子的产生有一定的影响[2 ,3 ] ,但到目前为止 ,尚未见有关稀土暴露与人体细胞因子和粘附分子水平相关性研究方面的报道。1　材料与方法1.1　研究对象的选择　选择江西省寻乌稀土矿区内居民4 0例作为实验组 (稀土暴露组 ) ;选择村落结构…     

原发性高血压红细胞CR1分子粘附活性和胸腺素的免疫调整作用

目的 :探讨原发性高血压 (EH)红细胞免疫 (redcellimmuneadherence ,RCIA)病理机制和胸腺素的非特异性免疫调整作用。方法 :以酵母菌红细胞花环试验及PEG沉淀法测定 99例EH者红细胞C3b受体 (RCR)活性、红细胞粘附免疫复合物(RICR)指标及循环免疫复合物 (CIC)含量。并使用小牛胸腺素随机对其中 4 8例EH进行免疫治疗 ,同时与 5 1例常规治疗EH者及 30例正常人在治疗前后对照上述指标。结果 :各期EH均出现RCR、RICR和CIC指标的显著异常 (P <0 0 1或P <0 0 5 )。免疫治疗组 12周后各上述指标较对照组有显著改善 (P <0 0 1或P <0 0 5 ) ,且对Ⅰ期EH的调整效果优于Ⅲ期组。结论 :RCIA功能障碍参与了EH动脉壁炎症损害的免疫病理过程。使用胸腺素对调整上述免疫异常具有一定作用。     

抗独特型抗体研究进展

<正>免疫系统是生物体体内执行免疫功能的组织系统,由免疫器官(组织)、免疫细胞和免疫分子组成。机体的免疫功能包括体液免疫和细胞免疫两大部分,两者相互独立又紧密配合,发挥免疫防御、免疫自稳和免疫监视等重要作用。抗体是发挥体液免疫功能的最主要成分,是机体的免疫系统在抗原刺激     

胃溃疡患者红细胞免疫功能变化的临床意义

目的 :探讨胃溃疡患者的红细胞免疫功能状态。方法 :应用免疫粘附法对 45例胃溃疡患者红细胞免疫活性进行检测并与正常组进行比较。结果 :胃溃疡患者红细胞C3b受体花环率 (RBC C3bRR :19.97± 4.2 9)、肿瘤红细胞花环率 (RBC TRR :3 4.5 8± 6.45 )均明显低于正常对照组 ( 2 5 .3 6± 5 .67和 43 .82± 6.73 ) (P <0 .0 1)。红细胞免疫复合物花环率 (RBC ICR)在胃溃疡组 ( 6.95± 2 .5 6)显著高于对照组 ( 5 .3 5± 1.98) (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :胃溃疡患者红细胞免疫功能呈低下状态。红细胞免疫可能通过微循环的改变参与了胃溃疡的发生和发展     

血管活性物质测定在心血管疾病中的意义

目的 :检测原发性高血压 (EH)和冠心病 (CHD)患者血中CNP、NO、CGRP、ET的含量 ,探讨其与内皮细胞功能的关系及临床意义。方法 :EH组 30例、CHD组 33例、正常对照组 30例 ,均为男性。CNP、CGRP、ET采用放射免疫分析法测定 ,NO采用生化比色镉还原法测定。结果 :EH和CHD组分别与对照组比较CNP、ET含量明显增高 (CNP :P <0 .0 1,ET :P <0 .0 5 ) ,NO、CGRP则明显降低 (P <0 .0 1) ;相关分析表明 :两组患者CNP与CGRP之间具有显著负相关性 (EH组r=0 .5 6 7,P <0 .0 1、CHD组r =0 .42 8,P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :检测EH和CHD血中CNP、NO、CGRP、ET含量变化 ,为研究EH ,CHD与内皮细胞功能关系、发病机理等提供了有价值的实验室依据。     

一种新术式对肝包虫患者围手术期体液免疫的影响

目的　探讨新术式“外膜内外囊切除术”对肝包虫病患者围手术期体液免疫功能的影响。方法　将 99例肝包虫病患者分 2组 ,A组 :6 7例 ,行外膜内外囊切除术 ;B组 :32例 ,行传统外囊切除术。检测术前、术后 2 4和 4 8h静脉血清白细胞介素 6 (IL 6 )、白细胞介素 8(IL 8)、免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA、IgM、C3、C反应蛋白 (CRP)水平。结果　A组血清IL 6、IL 8、CRP、IgG、IgA、IgM含量手术前后均无显著变化 (P >0 .0 5 )。B组术后 2 4和 4 8h血清IL 6、CRP含量与术后 2 4h血清IL 8、IgM含量均明显高于术前 (P均 <0 .0 5 ) ,而术后 2 4和 4 8h血清IgG含量均明显低于术前 (P <0 .0 1)。 2组术后 2 4h血清C3含量均显著高于术前 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　“外膜内外囊切除术”创伤较轻 ,对机体体液免疫影响较小     

2型糖尿病并血管病变患者免疫功能研究

目的 :探讨 2型糖尿病并血管病变患者血液中细胞免疫、体液免疫和C反应蛋白 (CRP)的变化。方法 :采用流式细胞术和免疫比浊法测定 42例糖尿病血管病变患者血液细胞免疫参数CD3、CD4、CD8、CD4/CD8、B细胞和NK细胞、血清免疫球蛋白 (IgG、IgA、IgM)、补体 (C3、C4)等体液免疫参数和作为炎症介质的CRP ,并与5 0例 2型糖尿病无血管病变者及 46例正常对照组比较。结果 :2型糖尿病无论是否并发血管病变 ,与正常对照组比较CD3、CD4、CD4/CD8、B、NK显著性减低 (P <0 .0 1) ,IgA、IgM、C3、C4、CRP显著升高(P <0 .0 1) ;并发血管病变组与不并发血管病变组比较C4、CRP显著增高 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :2型糖尿病患者无论是否并发血管病变 ,机体细胞免疫和体液免疫都异常 ,且炎症介质CRP升高 ,并发血管病变患者机体的炎症介质进一步升高。     

心脏手术中应用抑肽酶对机体体液免疫系统及补体的影响

目的 :研究抑肽酶对心脏直视手术患者体液免疫系统及补体的影响。方法 :将 6 0例心脏直视手术患者 ,分成用抑肽酶组与对照组。测定患者手术前、手术当天及手术后 1～ 3天血浆免疫球蛋白 (Ig)及补体含量 ,进行对比研究。结果 :用抑肽酶组和对照组 ,术后当天患者血液中的Ig及补体均明显下降 (P<0 0 0 1) ,从术后第 1天开始升高 ,在术后第 3天 ,抑肽酶组IgG、IgA及补体C3、C4、CH5 0均恢复正常 (P >0 0 5 ) ,而IgM、IgE和对照组Ig及补体尚未恢复至术前水平。结论 :抑肽酶在心脏直视手术期间对患者的免疫系统及补体无明显的保护作用 ,但对患者手术后的免疫系统及补体的恢复有促进作用。     

晚期肝癌患者红细胞与淋巴细胞粘附肿瘤细胞能力的研究

目的　探讨晚期肝癌患者红细胞和淋巴细胞对肿瘤细胞的免疫粘附能力。方法　采用红细胞和淋巴细胞免疫粘附肿瘤细胞及红细胞促淋巴细胞免疫粘附肿瘤细胞实验方法 ,对 43例晚期肝癌患者进行研究。结果　晚期肝癌患者红细胞和淋巴细胞免疫粘附肿瘤细胞能力都明显下降(P <0 0 1) ,特别是淋巴细胞对肿瘤细胞的免疫粘附功能下降更明显。肝癌患者和正常人的红细胞对自身淋巴细胞具有免疫粘附促进作用 ,但肝癌患者红细胞对自身淋巴细胞的免疫粘附促进作用明显低于正常人 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　红细胞、淋巴细胞免疫粘附肿瘤功能试验 ,可考虑作为肝癌患者免疫功能测定指标之一 ,红细胞免疫粘附功能的变化在晚期肝癌疾病发展及预后中具有一定作用     

甲状腺功能异常患者骨代谢变化的探讨

为探讨甲状腺功能改变对骨代谢的影响 ,对 91例甲亢 ,37例甲减及 5 1名健康对照者用免疫放射 (IR MA)法测骨钙素 (BGP)及甲状旁腺素 (PTH) ,用镅 - 2 41单光子跟骨密度仪测骨密度 (BMD)。结果发现 ,BGP含量 :甲亢组明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,甲减组明显低于对照组 (P <0 .0 0 1) ;PTH含量 :甲亢组低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,甲减组明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 0 1) ;骨密度测定 :甲亢与甲减组骨质疏松发病率均明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 0 1)。甲亢与甲减组骨质疏松发病年龄前移 ,甲减组 5 5岁以上都有骨质疏松。BGP和PTH改变明显早于骨密度变化 ,可作为甲状腺功能异常时骨代谢变化的灵敏指标 ,特别用于疗效观察     

Exploring the impact of exposure to primary varicella in children on varicella-zoster virus immunity of parents

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes both primary varicella, and through reactivation of the virus, herpes zoster. It is hypothesized that VZV-immune adults may reduce the probability of developing herpes zoster through exposure to varicella. In this study we examine the existence of immunological boosting in VZV-immune adults after close contact with primary varicella. We followed-up 18 parents with household exposure to primary varicella for 1 y. Fifteen age-matched healthy and 20 older volunteers served as control groups. Cellular (IFN-γ ELISPOT) and humoral responses were measured. Data analyses were performed by t-tests and linear mixed models. The young control group only showed higher cellular responses than the older control group and the exposed group 1 mo after exposure. The exposed group had a strong tendency toward higher cellular responses compared to the older control group, reaching significance 1 y post-exposure. The best fitting linear mixed model predicts a decline in cellular response of 50% between 1 wk and 1 mo post-exposure, followed by an increase to attain an 80% higher level at 1 y compared to the first week post-exposure. No significant results emerged based on the humoral response of the individual parents in the exposed group, despite a general tendency toward higher antibody concentrations in the exposed versus the control groups. No significant difference in humoral immunity was found between the control groups. One year after initial re-exposure to VZV, VZV-immune adults showed a rise in cellular response as assessed by IFN-γ ELISPOT, and steady-state levels for the humoral response.     

结核性胸膜炎合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者免疫功能的变化及意义

目的 通过观察T淋巴细胞亚群、B细胞、NK细胞活性来探讨结核性胸膜炎合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者免疫功能变化.方法 采用流式细胞术分别测定45例结核性胸膜炎合并COPD患者(研究组)、45例COPD患者(COPD对照组)和45例健康体检者(健康对照组)外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、B细胞和NK细胞水平.结果 研究组CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、B细胞和NK细胞表达率降低,与健康对照组差异有统计学意义(P ＜0.05);COPD对照组CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、B细胞和NK细胞表达率与健康对照组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);研究组与COPD对照组的差异无统计学意义.结论 结核性胸膜炎合并COPD患者免疫功能明显低于正常健康人群,增强免疫治疗非常必要.     

The effect of adaptation to the periodic action of hypoxia on the indices of the immunity system and on the course of allergic diseases

The authors studied the effect of adaptation to periodical exposure to hypoxia on the organism's immune status and the values of neurohumoral regulation in children with bronchial asthma and adults suffering from allergic dermatoses and autoimmune thyroiditis. It was found that adaptation facilitated normalization of humoral values of immunity in allergic and autoimmune disorders (the content of serum immunoglobulins increased while the level of circulating immune complexes reduced) and was attended by a stable therapeutic effect. The revealed changes of the immune values occurred in increase of the reserve potency of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenal and sympathoadrenal systems and reduction of the blood histamine level.     

Evaluation of the immunosuppressive effects of cyclophosphamide in patients with multiple sclerosis.

In a group of eight patients suffering from clinically definite multiple sclerosis, we studied the effects of treatment with cyclophosphamide on the immune reactivity in vitro and in vivo. The results are compared with those obtained in a control group consisting of eight patients who received no drug therapy and who were matched with the former group for age, sex and severity of disease. The results indicate that therapy with cyclophosphamide at a mean dose of 100 mg/day induces a profound lymphocytopenia in peripheral blood involving both T and B cells. Serum levels of immunoglobulins as well as primary and secondary antibody responses were depressed. In tests with standardized cell numbers, proliferative responses of lymphocytes in vitro and cytotoxic T cell function remained normal, whereas K and NK cell activities were diminished. Secondary cellular immune responses in vivo remained intact; however, the primary cellular immune response in vivo was markedly depressed. From these data, it is concluded that therapy with cyclophosphamide in man mainly affects humoral immune functions, but also cellular immunity, although to a lesser extent.     

Specific and nonspecific reactions of mouse immune system under the effect of short-term exposure in warm and/or cold water

Transient changes in environmental temperature produce a short-term, but significant effect on the immune system reactions in laboratory mice. Activities of nonspecific resistance factors (peritoneal macrophages) in mice exposed in warm or cold water were characterized by similar reactions, while the reactions of cellular and humoral immunity were opposite. Exposure to cold water activated cellular immunity, while warm water activated humoral immune system. The most significant changes in the immune system reactions were observed during the first 3 days of thermal exposure. Temperature alteration from cold to warm leads to activation of cellular and suppression of humoral components of the immune system. Alteration of water temperature from warm to cold leads to activation of nonspecific resistance factors, cellular and humoral immunity. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 140, No. 12, pp. 674–677, December, 2005     

In vitro human lymphocyte proliferative responses to a glycoprotein of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Following reports of enhanced humoral immunity to Saccharomyces cerevisiae in patients with Crohn's disease, and identification of an immunodominant, high molecular weight glycoprotein (gp200), we have investigated the cellular immune response to this yeast in normal individuals. Following exposure to a crude saline extract (Sacc), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from these subjects demonstrated dose-dependent increases in tritiated thymidine incorporation, the time-course of which resembled that of the response to the known recall antigens PPD and TT. This was accompanied by increased cytotoxicity of the cultured cells for natural killer (NK)-sensitive and NK-resistant target cell lines. Furthermore, using a purified, high molecular weight, glycoprotein fraction of Sacc in culture, a dose-dependent lymphoproliferative response was again observed. Stimulation indices (SI) for thymidine incorporation by umbilical cord blood lymphocytes exposed to Sacc were low compared with those of normal adults. These results provide evidence for possible antigen-specific, cellular, immune sensitization of normal individuals to a ubiquitous dietary component.     

Influence of Frequent Infectious Exposures on General and Varicella-Zoster Virus-Specific Immune Responses in Pediatricians

Reexposure to viruses is assumed to strengthen humoral and cellular immunity via the secondary immune response. We studied the effects of frequent exposure to viral infectious challenges on immunity. Furthermore, we assessed whether repetitive exposures to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) elicited persistently high immune responses. Blood samples from 11 pediatricians and matched controls were assessed at 3 time points and 1 time point, respectively. Besides the assessment of general immunity by means of measuring T-cell subset percentages, antibody titers and gamma interferon (IFN-γ)/interleukin 2 (IL-2)-producing T-cell percentages against adenovirus type 5 (AdV-5), cytomegalovirus (CMV), tetanus toxin (TT), and VZV were determined. Pediatricians had lower levels of circulating CD4⁺-naive T cells and showed boosting of CD8⁺ effector memory T cells. Although no effect on humoral immunity was seen, repetitive exposures to VZV induced persistently higher percentages of IFN-γ-positive T cells against all VZV antigens tested (VZV glycoprotein E [gE], VZV intermediate-early protein 62 [IE62], and VZV IE63) than in controls. T cells directed against latency-associated VZV IE63 benefitted the most from natural exogenous boosting. Although no differences in cellular or humoral immunity were found between the pediatricians and controls for AdV-5 or TT, we did find larger immune responses against CMV antigens in pediatricians. Despite the high infectious burden, we detected a robust and diverse immune system in pediatricians. Repetitive exposures to VZV have been shown to induce a stable increased level of VZV-specific cellular but not humoral immunity. Based on our observations, VZV IE63 can be considered a candidate for a zoster vaccine.     

IL-18和HIV-1 gag-gp120嵌合基因DNA疫苗联合免疫小鼠的免疫应答

目的 :探讨IL 18和HIV 1gag gp12 0嵌合基因的DNA疫苗联合免疫小鼠的免疫应答。方法 :构建含IL 18的真核表达质粒pVAXIL18,将他与表达HIV 1gag gp12 0嵌合基因的核酸疫苗质粒pVAXGE共同肌注免疫BALB/c小鼠 ,检测免疫小鼠脾特异性CTL杀伤活性和血清抗体滴度。结果 :联合免疫组小鼠脾特异性CTL杀伤活性和血清抗体水平均显著高于单独免疫组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,空白质粒对照组 (P <0 .0 1)和PBS对照组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :IL 18和HIV 1gag gp12 0嵌合基因的DNA疫苗联合免疫可诱导小鼠产生特异性细胞和体液免疫 ,且IL 18发挥了免疫佐剂的作用。     

Decreased specific antibody synthesis in old adults: decreased potency of antigen-specific B cells with aging

The rise in rates of infection in adults over the age of 60 is accompanied by a decreased ability of older adults to make specific immune responses after immunization with a variety of specific antigens (Ag). This investigation delineates age-related changes in Ag-specific humoral immunity, comparing adults over age 60 to young adults aged 18-40, using tetanus toxoid (TT) as an immunologic probe. A culture system which does not require TT booster immunizations of study subjects was used to induce in vitro specific antibody responses. The amount of anti-TT antibody (Ab) produced in serum and in culture was measured by a TT-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The numbers of anti-TT Ab-secreting B cells were measured by a TT-specific ELISA-plaque assay. The TT-specific responses of old subjects were significantly less than that seen for young control subjects in the following measures: (1) serum anti-TT Ab titers (mean +/- S.E. log 2 titer = 3.3 +/- 1.1 vs. 9.5 +/- 1.4, P less than 0.01); (2) anti-TT Ab produced by peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in cultures stimulated with TT (6 +/- 2.1 ng/ml vs. 22 +/- 8.4 ng/ml, P less than 0.01); (3) numbers of anti-TT Ab secreting B cells per million cells cultured (6.7 +/- 3.4 vs. 26.6 +/- 7.6, P less than 0.001) and (4) mean ng Ab secreted per anti-TT Ab-secreting B cell (0.6 +/- 0.4 ng vs. 12.7 +/- 7.8 ng, P less than 0.01). This study shows that both decreased numbers of Ag-specific immune B cells and decreased potency on a per cell basis contribute to the impaired immune responses to immunizations in older adults.     

The Multifactorial and Multistage Character of Protective Immunity to Plasmodium falciparum, Naturally Acquired by an Indigenous Population in Burkina Faso

In malaria-endemic areas, protective immunity is acquired gradually. Some authors have proposed that different stages can be distinguished during development. To test this hypothesis, several in vitro assays of the host immune response to P. falciparum were performed in three groups of individuals: 'unprotected' children with clinical attacks, 'semi-immune' children, without clinical attacks but with transient high parasitaemias during the transmission period, and 'protected' adults with low residual parasitaemias. By comparison of immune responses in these groups and multifactorial analyses, discriminant factors and potential protective mechanisms were identified. Anti-RESA antibody levels were lower in 'unprotected' than in 'semi-immune' children, while specific cellular responses, TNF levels and percentage of activated T lymphocytes were higher. Low humoral immunity and high cellular activation in children were followed by high humoral immunity and low cellular activation in adults. Therefore, protective immunity seems to pass through different stages and to result from the association of different immune mechanisms according to the level and duration of the individual experience of malaria.