骨科低年资护士应急能力培训的实施

目的探讨系统培训提高骨科低年资护士应急能力和急救水平的效果.方法对50名工作5年以下的护士进行应急能力培训,并应用应急能力评价表进行评价.结果培训后护士的病情观察能力、应急配合能力、急救动手能力均显著提高,与培训前比较,差异有显著性意义(均P<0.05).结论对护士进行系统的应急培训,短期内能迅速提高其应急能力,尤其是应急配合能力提高较快,可增强患者对护士的安全感和护士的工作信心.     

手术室低年资护士应急协调能力的培训

目的提高手术室低年资护士应急协调能力。方法以深圳市手术室专业委员会制定的《深圳市手术室护士层级培训》内容为培训课程指南，应用多媒体专题讲座、情景模拟、实物操作演示、护理查房提问等培训方法，对手术室工作0～5年的护士进行常见急诊手术准备与接诊，急救技术，与医生、麻醉师、手术科室、供应室、后勤部门的沟通等内容的培训。结果培训3个月后低年资护士理论、模拟应急能力、实际应急能力测评成绩显著高于培训前（均P〈0．01）。结论系统、规范的应急能力培训课程及效果评价有助于低年资护士应急能力的提高。     

耳鼻喉科护士急诊轮转培训的方法与效果

目的探讨耳鼻喉科护士急诊科轮转培训的做法与成效。方法将耳鼻喉科工作满3年的护士,共31名,分批在急诊科进行为期3个月的急救技能和重症监护能力培训。培训分三个阶段进行,重在培训急救知识和技能,培养急救意识和配合抢救能力,并培养重症监护能力。采取集中授课、跟班一对一带教和上具体班次相结合的方法进行培训。结果31名护士培训后急救理论和技能考核合格率显著高于培训前(均P<0.01)。结论实施急诊科轮转培训,提高了轮训护士的应急能力及救护水平。     

手术室低年资护士应急协调能力的培训

目的 提高手术室低年资护士应急协调能力.方法 以深圳市手术室专业委员会制定的<深圳市手术室护士层级培训>内容为培训课程指南,应用多媒体专题讲座、情景模拟、实物操作演示、护理查房提问等培训方法,对手术室工作0～5年的护士进行常见急诊手术准备与接诊,急救技术,与医生、麻醉师、手术科室、供应室、后勤部门的沟通等内容的培训.结果 培训3个月后低年资护士理论、模拟应急能力、实际应急能力测评成绩显著高于培训前(均P＜0.01).结论 系统、规范的应急能力培训课程及效果评价有助于低年资护士应急能力的提高.     

加强急诊科新护士培训提高整体救护水平

目的:为适应现代急诊医学的发展,加强对急诊科新护士急救知识和技能的培训.可增强新护士的应急能力,提高急救水平和服务质量,达到改善护患关系、降低护患纠纷之目的.方法:对急诊科新护士有计划、有步骤地合理安排学习,对其进行思想素质、护理基本技能、急救技术的培训.结果:通过学习培训,提高了急诊科新护士的应急能力及抢救技能,同时也提高了急救护理水平.结论:对急诊科新护士,进行多种形式的专科知识、急救知识和技能培训,是提高急诊护士临床护理应急能力最有效的方法.     

血液净化护士急救能力培训及效果分析

目的：探讨对血液净化专业护士实施急救能力培训的方法及效果。方法组建急救能力培训小组,制订急救流程及考核计划。全面实施急救理论知识授课、急救专业知识培训、急救操作技能训练及急救模拟情景训练等方法,评价护士急救能力并进行考核。结果培训后护士急救理论知识、急救操作技能、急救综合能力均较前有显著提高,差异有统计学意义（均 P＜0．05）。结论重视护士急救能力培训,可显著提高血液净化专业急救综合水平,提高护理质量。     

一医三护急救标准操作流程的制定与培训

目的提高急重症救护培训效果和急诊急救护理质量。方法参考相关资料制定10种常见急重症一医三护急救标准操作流程,并对急诊医护人员进行培训。结果与培训前比较,培训后医护配合度提高、抢救急重症时急救措施落实时间缩短、总抢救成功率提高及不良事件发生率下降(均P0.01),急诊护士对培训效果评价高。结论一医三护急救标准操作流程有助于培养急诊护士,提高团队救护能力和配合度,提高急救效果和急救护理质量。     

密室逃脱教学法在口腔门诊护士急救技能培训中的应用

目的 探讨密室逃脱教学法在口腔医院门诊护士急救技能培训中的应用效果。方法 将口腔医院工作1~3年的108名门诊护士按随机数字表法分为试验组和对照组各54人。对照组按培训大纲进行急救培训，理论及技能培训共12 h；试验组在对照组基础上，增加密室逃脱教学法进行培训，共4次。结果 培训后，试验组急救理论知识和急救技能操作考核成绩、批判性思维能力、团队协作能力评分显著高于对照组（均P<0.05）。结论 密室逃脱教学法能有效提高口腔门诊护士临床急救知识和技能操作，有助于培养护士的批判性思维能力和团队协作能力。     

温州市社区护士突发公共卫生事件应急能力调查分析

目的了解温州市社区护士突发公共卫生事件应急能力的现状,为进一步提高突发公共卫生事件应对能力提供参考依据。方法随机整群抽取温州市三个城区社区卫生服务中心的注册护士201人作为调查对象,采用自行设计的社区护士突发公共卫生事件应急能力调查表进行调查。结果社区护士突发公共卫生事件应急能力得分为3.49±0.71,处于中等偏下水平,量表的3个维度中,急救能力得分最高,综合能力次之,应急知识得分最低。参加过突发公共卫生事件应急培训和职称是影响应急能力的主要因素(均P0.01)。结论温州市社区护士的突发公共卫生事件应急能力有待进一步提高,需加强对不同层次的社区护士开展有针对性的、不同形式的培训,从而提高其应对突发公共卫生事件的能力。     

三级甲等医院急诊护士专业核心能力现状及相关因素调查

目的了解三级甲等医院急诊护士专业核心能力现状及相关因素,为探索急诊专科护士的培养模式提供依据。方法采用便利抽样法,应用自行设计的问卷对6所三级甲等综合性医院111名急诊护士进行调查。结果急诊护士自评专业核心能力得分(159.4±43.8)分;是否接受急救专科知识培训、培训时间及急救专科知识培训/学习方式不同者其自评核心能力得分比较,差异有统计学意义(均P0.01);急救专科知识培训时间是影响自评专业核心能力的主要因素(P0.01)。结论急诊护士专业核心能力欠佳,尤其缺乏科研及管理方面的能力;专科培训时间是主要影响因素。应针对性开展系统培训工作及设置合理的培训时间,以培养和提高急诊护士专业核心能力。     

杭州健康女性定量骨超声测定原发性骨质疏松

目的 评价杭州健康女性骨超声速度(SOS)值随增龄减少和骨质疏松患病率，建立杭州地区女性骨超声速度值参考数据库。方法 定量超声法测定1208例杭州地区健康女性桡骨远端(RAD)，第3指骨近节(PLX)，第V跖骨(MTR)和胫骨中段(TIB)的超声速度值。结果 RAD、PLX、MTR和TIBSOS峰值(Peak of SOS)均出现在40-45岁，TJB的SOS峰值出现在35—40岁，此后随年龄增长而下降。绝经后妇女在绝经后早期和晚期各有1个SOS快速减少期，前见于桡骨近端，平均年减少率为2．4％，后见于胫骨中段，平均年减少率为1．8％。各部位骨SOS累积减少率随年龄增长而增加，到85岁4部位累积减少为13％-18％。60岁以后骨质疏松性症(OP)检出率为45％-70％，OP检出率以桡骨远端最高，60-70岁平均为67％，第3指骨近端次之约50％，胫骨中段最低为36％；75岁以后分别为70％，65％和45％。结论 全身各部位骨超声速度值到达峰值的年龄不同，峰值也各有差异。绝经后妇女骨超声速度值随年龄增加减少较快，应予激素和补钙治疗，桡骨远端为本地区SOS检测和OP检出的敏感部位。     

Importance of echocardiography in prognosis of surgical outcomes in cholecystitis in elderly patients

The authors propose to use more often echocardiography (EchoCG) in examination of elderly (over 60 years) of age patients with cholecystitis that permits to increase surgical activity to 92.4%. Left ventricular ejection fraction is the most informative. When this fraction is lower than 45% surgery must be recommended on vital indications only. EchoCG was used in 155 patients with cholecystitis, 131 of them were operated. 2 (1.52%) patients died due to acute cardio-vascular insufficiency and pulmonary artery thromboembolism.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

目的 评价脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用.方法 健康雄性C3H/He小鼠40只,周龄8～10周,体重18～22 g,随机分为4组(n=10):假手术组(S组)、骨癌痛组(B组)、PBS组(P组)和米诺环素组(M组).S组跟骨骨髓腔内注射PBS 10 μl;余3组跟骨骨髓腔内注射含2×105个骨纤维肉瘤细胞的PBS 10 μl制备骨癌痛模型,于造模前即刻开始PBS组鞘内注射PBS 5μl,M组鞘内注射米诺环素(用PBS溶解为0.2 mmol/L)5μl,1次/d,连续11 d.于造模前1 d、造模后即刻、3、5、7、9、11 d时测定机械痛阈;于造模后3、7、9、11 d机械痛阈测定结束后测定冷痛阈.痛阈测定结束后处死小鼠,取脊髓组织,测定神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)和CD11b的表达水平.结果 与S组比较,B组和P组造模后3-11 d时、M组造模后3、5 d时机械痛阈升高,B组、P组和M组造模后7～11 d时冷痛阈升高,脊髓CD11b和GFAP表达上调(P<0.05).与B组比较,M组造模后3-11 d时机械痛阈降低,造模后7-11 d时冷痛阈降低,脊髓CD11b和GFAP表达下调(P<0.05).结论 脊髓胶质细胞(星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞)的激活参与了小鼠骨癌痛的形成.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.