心脏粘液瘤免疫组织化学观察和组织发生的探讨

对５２例心脏粘液瘤进行免疫组织化学观察。其中有２例伴有腺样结构。免疫标记显示：５２例粘液瘤中全部瘤细胞Ｖｉｍｅｎｔｉｎ为阳性。ＦＶⅢ，Ｄｅｓｍｉｎ和Ａｃｔｉｎ为阴性。５例瘤细胞Ｓ－１００蛋白为阳性。２例伴腺样结构者ＣＥＡ，ＥＭＡ和Ｃｙｔｏｋｅｒａｔｉｏｎ为阳性。组织化学染色显示：腺样结构ＰＡＳ－ＡＢ（ｐＨ１．０），ＰＡＳ－ＡＢ（ｐＨ２．５）和ＨＩＤ－ＡＢ均为阳性。结果提示：心脏粘液瘤可能来源于胚胎     

重症肌无力患者血清非Ig成分对突触前,后膜受体及其相应抗体反应？…

利用盐析、免疫亲和吸附及ＰｒｏｔｅｉｎＧ ＦａｓｔＦｌｏｗ完全去除２０例抗乙酰胆碱受体抗体和抗突触前膜受体抗体阳性重症肌无力（ＭＧ）、２０例抗体阴性ＭＧ、１５例其它神经科疾病患者和１５例正常对照血清的Ｉｇ部分，并以ＡＢＣ－ＥＬＩＳＡ观察应用上述方法提取的血清非Ｉｇ成发对ＡｃｈＲ，ＰｓｍＲ抗原抗体反应的影响。结果显示除抗体阴性ＭＧ血清经非Ｉｇ成分作用后，ＡｃｈＲ、ＰｓｍＲ与其各自抗体反应反而增强外     

涎腺肿瘤性肌上皮细胞的病理意义

涎腺肿瘤性肌上皮细胞的病理意义孙开华涎腺上皮性肿瘤是口腔颌面部的常见肿瘤，９０％以上属于临界性或恶性性质。肿瘤性肌上皮细胞（ｎｅｏｐｌａｓｔｉｃｍｙｏｅｐｉｔｈｅｌｉａｌｃｅｌｌｓ，ＮＭＣｓ）在多种涎腺上皮性肿瘤中是增生活跃的肿瘤细胞，由于它的增生分...     

网状组织细胞增生症组织病理及免疫组化研究

观察１例多中心网状组织细胞增生症和５例网状组织细胞肉芽肿（ＲＨ）病理表现，两病均由甲状腺嗜酸细胞样单核组织细胞和多核组织细胞组成，在ＲＨ还可见空泡状、棘状和黄瘤样单核组织细胞。免疫组化示：ＫＰ１（ＣＤ６８）、溶菌酶、ａ１－抗胰蛋白酶、花生凝集素和Ｖｉｍｅｎｔｉｎ阳性，Ｍａｃ（３８７），Ｓ－１００，ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ、Ｄｅｓｍｉｎ、Ａｃｔｉｎ阴性，讨论两病的组织病理、免疫组化鉴别及ＲＨ与成人黄色肉芽肿关系。     

Faa配体诱导的凋亡是免疫赦免的一个机制

Ｆａａ配体诱导的凋亡是免疫赦免的一个机制［英］／ＴｈｏｍａｓＳＧ…／／Ｓｉｅｎｃｅ．一１９９５，２７０．一１１８９～１１９２眼睛是一个不能耐受破坏性炎症反应的免疫赦免区，文章以它为对象研究了Ｆａｓ配体（ＦａｓＬ）诱导的凋亡与免疫赦免的关系，把ＨＳＶ－...     

鼠抗人Fas单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

采用Ｊｕｒｋａｔ细胞Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠制备１株抗人ＦａｓｍＡｂ２Ａ１,它能特异性识别Ｊｕｒｋａｔ,Ｒａｊｉ,ＴＨＰ－１细胞膜表面５０ＫＤ左右的蛋白,并能与ＳｒＦａｓ标准蛋白反应,其识别的细胞膜蛋白与单抗特异性抗人Ｆａｓ ＰｃＡｂＮ－１８相一致。ｌｅｑ     

HER-2/neu基因在涎腺肿瘤中的扩增及表达

一、材料和方法1 材料　收集湖南医科大学 1 991年 1 2月～ 1 997年 4月存档蜡块中涎腺肿瘤 37例 ,其中粘液表皮样癌 2 0例、腺样囊性癌 1 1例、腺泡细胞癌 4例、恶性混合瘤 2例。从上述蜡块中随机选取粘液表皮样癌 5例、腺样囊性癌 4例、腺泡细胞癌 2例、恶性混合瘤 1例 ,以及癌旁正常组织 1例 ,以便行荧光原位杂交法 (ＦＩＳＨ)检测。2 方法　标本经 4%甲醛固定、石蜡包埋、切片。采用链霉素抗生物素蛋白 过氧化酶免疫组织化学染色方法检测ＨＥＲ 2 /ｎｅｕ蛋白的表达 ,ＤＡＢ显色。鼠抗人ＨＥＲ 2 /ｎｅｕＩｇＧ、生物素化兔抗鼠抗…     

胃底腺息肉病与胃癌粘膜变化特征的对比研究

胃底腺息肉病与胃癌粘膜变化特征的对比研究［日］／上村直实…ＧａｓｔｒｏｅｎｔｅｒｏｌＥｎｄｏｓ－１９９３；３５（１１）．－２６６３～２６７１经内镜及组织学确诊的胃底腺息肉病（ＦＧＰ）１４１例和胃癌（ＧＣＡ）２６１例。选其中４０岁以上的ＰＧＰ９９例，Ｇ...     

CVB3VP1/pcDNA3真核表达质粒的构建及免疫效果观察

用ＲＴ ＰＣＲ从ＣＶＢ３ 感染细胞中扩增出ＶＰ１ 片段,重组入真核表达质粒ｐｃＤＮＡ３ 中,转化大肠杆菌Ｃ６００,扩增后的质粒经ＣｓＣｌ 密度梯度离心纯化,体外转染ＣＯＳ ７ 细胞,用ＳＤＳ ＰＡＧＥ和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ 检测表达产物;并经胫骨前肌注射小鼠,每鼠１００μｇ／ 次,隔４ 周加强一次,共３ 次。免疫后不同时间检测抗体、淋巴细胞增殖反应等免疫指标。结果显示重组质粒体外转染真核细胞表达ＶＰ１ 蛋白,免疫小鼠后产生了特异性抗体和淋巴细胞增殖反应。表明ＣＶＢ３ ＶＰ１ ＤＮＡ疫苗获得初步有效结果。     

食管癌中几种凋亡相关蛋白的表达及其与肿瘤免疫的关系

为了解凋亡相关蛋白白细胞介素１β转化酶（ＩＣＥ）、Ｆａｓ／Ａｐｏ１、ＦａｓＬ在肿瘤免疫中的作用,对食管癌中ＩＣＥ、Ｆａｓ、ＦａｓＬ及凋亡细胞进行标记,探讨其在肿瘤免疫中的作用。一、材料与方法收集１９９６年１１月～１９９７年３月未接受过放、化疗的食管癌手术标本４６例,从癌中心、癌旁组织和切端粘膜３处取材,做连续冷冻切片,同时取相应的组织块置４％多聚甲醛中固定过夜,常规制片。所用ＩＣＥ（Ｐ２０）、Ｆａｓ（Ｃ２０）、ＦａｓＬ（Ｎ２０）均为多克隆抗体,ＳａｎｔａＣｒｕｚ公司产品。对４６例标本冷冻…     

Normal and neoplastic myoepithelial cells in salivary glands: An immunohistochemical study

To determine the difference between normal and neoplastic myoepithelial cells, we performed immunoperoxidase staining for contractile proteins (actin and myosin) and intermediate filament proteins (vimentin and 55- to 57-kilodalton keratin) on paraffin sections from salivary gland tumors. Normal myoepithelial cells were positive for actin and myosin but negative for vimentin and keratin. Outer tubular cells of organoid double-layered tubular structures seen in pleomorphic and monomorphic adenoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma, and "cyst"-lining cells and outermost cells of adenoid cystic carcinoma were occasionally positive for actin and myosin. These outer tubular cells, "cyst"-lining cells, and outermost cells were considered to be neoplastic myoepithelial cells. However, their stainability was much lower than that of normal myoepithelial cells. On the other hand, these neoplastic myoepithelial cell were always positive for vimentin. "Mesenchymal" cells and hyaline cells of pleomorphic adenoma and indifferent cells of adenoid cystic carcinoma were negative for both actin and myosin but positive for vimentin and occasionally also positive for keratin. The significance of vimentin staining in neoplastic myoepithelial cells and the coexpression of vimentin and keratin in some tumor cells is discussed.     

Myoepithelial differentiation markers in salivary gland neoplasia]

Salivary gland tumors frequently present myoepithelial cell differentiation that is not always easily identified on routinely stained sections. Recently novel markers of myoepithelium have been studied, such as calponin (CALP), caldesmon (CALD), and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain. These markers, together with smooth muscle actin may be useful tools for identifying myoepithelial cells. We immunohistochemically studied a series of 23 benign and malignant salivary gland tumors using antibodies to these four markers. The tumors were classified as follows: pleomorphic adenoma (n = 8), basal cell adenoma (n = 3), myoepithelioma with plasmacytoid cells (n = 2), epithelial-myoepithelial cell carcinoma (n = 6) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (n = 4). All tumors were positive for at least one of the four markers. CALP and smooth muscle actin were the markers more frequently expressed. Positivity was mostly located in the myoepithelial cells that constitute the external layer of the glandular or tubular neoplastic structures. In poorly differentiated epithelial myoepithelial carcinomas, composed of solid sheets of neoplastic cells and sometimes of clear cells, immunohistochemical staining for myoepithelial markers evidenced rudimentary glandular structures. CALP and smooth muscle actin were positive in the two cases of myoepithelioma with plasmacytoid cells. In conclusion, the combined staining with four markers helps to disclose myoepithelial cell differentiation and can be a useful tool for the correct histopathological diagnosis of salivary gland tumors. Among the four markers studied, CALP and smooth muscle actin were the most useful to identify myoepithelial cell differentiation.     

Various expressions of modified myoepithelial cells in salivary pleomorphic adenoma. Immunohistochemical studies

Variant expressions of modified myoepithelial cells in salivary pleomorphic adenomas are described as determined by immunohistochemical techniques which visualized the distributions of S-100 protein, intermediate-sized filament proteins (keratin, vimentin, and desmin), and contractile proteins (myosin and actin), as well as lysozyme and lactoferrin. Immunohistochemical staining patterns of S-100 protein were basically used to classify modified myoepithelial cells, along with histologic criteria. Histochemical modifications of myoepithelial cells in pleomorphic adenoma of salivary glands could be divided into a) reactive, b) transformed, and c) neoplastic myoepithelial cells. Reactive myoepithelial cells were stromal-like cells which displayed an intense S-100 protein reaction. Transformed myoepithelial cells were negative or slightly positive for S-100 protein; they were located in the outer zone of tubular or duct-like structures and were spindle-shaped. The inner round cells of tubular and ductal structures, which could be ductal origin, gave intense keratin staining, as well as marked reactions for lysozyme and lactoferrin. Neoplastic myoepithelial cells were plasmatoid or fibrous types of cells and contained abundant S-100 protein and vimentin. These cells were termed "myoepithelioma" as in classical diagnosis.     

Glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity in normal and diseased human breast

Summary Immunostaining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) identifies a minor subpopulation of immunoreactive myoepithelial cells in the normal resting human breast. The GFAP-immunoreactive cells also express a panel of myoepithelial cell markers, including cytokeratin 14 (CK 14), vimentin, smooth-muscle-specific actin isoforms, nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) and common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia antigen (CALLA). The percentage of GFAP-immunoreactive myoepithelial cells is greatly increased in various neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases of the breast, being highest in adenomyoepitheliomas. Furthermore, in all the instances of fibroadenoma, phyllodes tumour, epitheliosis and gynaecomastia, a variable number of epithelial cells also acquires immunoreactivity for GFAP, vimentin, CK 14, NGFR and, to a lesser extent, for CALLA. Conversely, GFAP immunoreactivity has never been encountered in the malignant cells of the different types of breast carcinoma. These findings suggest that the expression of GFAP might be a (possibly transient) feature of proliferating epithelial and myoepithelial cells in breast diseases other than carcinomas.     

Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Expression in Pleomorphic Adenoma of Salivary Gland: An Immunoelectron Microscopic Study

Previous immunocytochemical studies of pleomorphic adenomas have demonstrated consistent labeling with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Cross-reactivity with other intermediate filaments of similar structure and chemical composition has been suggested to account for this seemingly inappropriate pattern of immunoreactivity. To investigate further this phenomenon, we examined five pleomorphic adenomas by immunoelectron microscopy. Ultrastructural features were similar to those described by other investigators, with ductal epithelium being surrounded by myoepithelial cells and modified cells becoming detached to form the isolated stellate and spindle cells of the stroma. As part of this process, many neoplastic myoepithelial cells appeared to lose their specialized ultrastructural features, assuming a rather undifferentiated appearance. Single and double immunoelectron microscopic labeling showed vimentin filaments in all these neoplastic myoepithelial cells. In contrast, GFAP filaments were identified only in the most undifferentiated cells. Such restriction of GFAP filaments to an ultrastructurally definable subset of neoplastic cells provides strong evidence against nonspecific staining due to cross-reactivity. Given the previously described coexpression of vimentin and GFAP by neoplastic cartilage, it appears likely that this immunophenotype in neoplastic myoepithelial cells reflects early chondroid differentiation.     

Human salivary gland morphogenesis: myoepithelial cell maturation assessed by immunohistochemical markers

Ianez R F, Buim M E, Coutinho‐Camillo C M, Schultz R, Soares F A & Lourenço S V
(2010) Histopathology 57 , 410–417
Human salivary gland morphogenesis: myoepithelial cell maturation assessed by immunohistochemical markers Aims: Myoepithelial cells are important components of salivary gland structure, aiding the expulsion of saliva from acinar lobules. The aim was to evaluate the expression of smooth muscle actin (SMA), calponin, caldesmon, CD10, CD29, S100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and p63 in myoepithelial cells during salivary gland morphogenesis to understand the maturation process of these cells and their possible use in the diagnosis of salivary gland lesions. Methods and results: Major and minor human salivary glands at various stages of development, derived from fetuses at 8–26 weeks of gestation, were studied immunohistochemically. Fully developed salivary glands were used as controls. The protein p63 was present in all stages of salivary gland morphogenesis from initial bud to terminal bud stage. CD29, S100 and calponin were detected increasingly as salivary gland structure matured and in fully developed salivary gland. Proteins GFAP, CD10 and caldesmon were not observed in myoepithelial cells of salivary glands. Conclusions: The proteins SMA, calponin, CD29, S100 and p63, which are present from the earliest stages of salivary gland maturation, are valuable myoepithelial markers but, although very specific, are not exclusive markers for this cell type.     

Muscle-specific protein expression in normal salivary glands and pleomorphic adenomas: an immunocytochemical study with biochemical confirmation.

Normal salivary gland myoepithelia are contractile cells with hybrid epithelial/myogenic ultrastructural features. It is known that these cells co-express the intermediate filaments cytokeratin, vimentin, and occasionally GFAP. This complex cytoskeletal immunophenotype is also reflected in multiple morphologic cell types of pleomorphic adenoma. At present, the myofilament complement of normal and neoplastic myoepithelium is not well defined. We have evaluated the expression of desmin and smooth and sarcomeric muscle actins in 11 normal salivary glands (six snap-frozen and five methacarn fixed) and 26 pleomorphic adenomas (11 snap-frozen and 15 methacarn fixed) by ABC-immunoperoxidase method. Two of 11 frozen pleomorphic adenomas contained the muscle-specific intermediate filament desmin, which is not found in the normal glands. This novel finding was confirmed by gel electrophoresis and immunoblot. Using specific antibodies, normal gland myoepithelial cells consistently contained muscle actin isoforms of the smooth muscle type but not sarcomeric muscle actins. Muscle actin expression by the neoplastic cells of pleomorphic adenoma was found in 13 of 26 tumors (six of 11 frozen tumors (desmin negative) and seven of 15 methacarn fixed tumors). In comparison to the normal myoepithelial cell, the transformed myoepithelial-like cells of pleomorphic adenoma are not always characterized by a muscle actin cytoskeleton. Expression of desmin intermediate filaments in pleomorphic adenomas appears to be a rare event that is independent of a muscle actin cytoskeleton.     

S100 protein in human mammary tissue--immunoreactivity in breast carcinoma, including Paget's disease of the nipple, and value as a marker of myoepithelial cells

The expression of S100 protein, as assessed by immunohistochemistry, has been evaluated in 101 mammary carcinomas of various histological types, including Paget's disease of the nipple. S100 immunoreactivity was seen in 44 of 101 primary carcinomas, including in situ lesions. It was present in all histological types, with the exception of mucoid carcinoma. In the 33 cases with associated Paget's disease of the nipple, S100 expression was seen in the Paget's cells in six cases. S100 immunoreactivity has been suggested as a marker of myoepithelial cells, but in our hands staining of these cells is less consistent using the S100 antibody than with antibodies to actin. Furthermore, S100 protein is also expressed by some luminal epithelial cells. Therefore, in contrast to actin immunoreactivity, S100 immunoreactivity is not a reliable means of differentiating between luminal epithelial and myoepithelial cells. The possibility that staining with antibody to S100 protein may be affected by methods of fixation and immunohistochemical technique is discussed.     

Histopathology of myoepithelial (basocellular) hyperplasias in adenosis and epitheliosis of the breast demonstrated by the reactivity of cytokeratins and S100 protein

Summary This study on the different types of epithelial hyperplasia in fibrocystic disease was inspired by the observation of myoepithelial (basocellular) hyperplasia identified by strong expression of S100 protein and a weak reaction with antibodies against cytokeratin (KL1) in cells forming solid and acinar buds. The cells do not contain immunohistochemically detectable actin or desmin. Glandular transformation and proliferation give rise to basocellular circumductal adenosis. Normal breast tissue, 51 cases of fibrocystic disease with mild, florid and atypical hyperplasias, 7 fibroadenomas and 20 cases of carcinoma in situ were studied and a semiquantitative analysis revealed basal buds and adenosis in less than 40% of cases of mild hyperplasia and up to 73% in florid hyperplasia. Epitheliosis is characterized by a heterogeneous cell pattern with cells positive for S100 protein in 30–60%, but in small ducts up to 100% with an immediate connection to the basal cell layer were positive. Carcinoma in situ contained very rare tumour cells positive for S100 protein. The cells expressing S100 protein in terminal ducts, in adenosis and epitheliosis showed only some of the characteristics of myoepithelial cells, since they lack immunoreactivity with antibodies against actin. These basal clear cells are interpreted as transitional or indeterminate cells with features of myoepithelial precursor cells, but with the ability to develop basocellular nodular and glandular hyperplasia in the ductulo-lobular units in cases of adenosis and juvenile fibroadenoma.This work was supported by the Deutsche Krebshilfe e.V. Bonn No. M81/90 Bä2.     

Myoepithelial differentiation in high-grade invasive ductal carcinomas with large central acellular zones.

We hypothesized that invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) with large central acellular zones comprising necrosis, tissue infarction, collagen, and hyaline material on their cut surfaces are formed in association with myoepithelial differentiation of the carcinoma cells. To verify this, the expression of S100 protein, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and keratin 14, which has been shown to represent the myoepithelial immunophenotype, was examined immunohistochemically in 18 IDCs with such central zones covering more than 30% of each tumor area, 18 IDCs without such areas as negative controls, and 10 metaplastic carcinomas as positive controls for myoepithelial differentiation. Expression of S100, detected with a polyclonal antibody, S100-alpha, S100-beta, alpha-SMA, GFAP, and keratin 14, was observed in 61%, 83%, 39%, 33%, 28%, and 39% of the IDCs with large central acellular zones, 17%, 44%, 6%, 6%, 0%, and 6% of the IDCs without such zones, and 80%, 70%, 50%, 100%, 80%, and 50% of the metaplastic carcinomas, respectively. We concluded that IDCs with large central acellular zones frequently contain carcinomas showing myoepithelial differentiation. Such histological and immunohistochemical features in IDCs would be expected to be clinicopathologically significant.