不同胎龄新生儿心电图心率及各时限特点的研究

目的 观察不同胎龄新生儿心率、P-R、QRS问期及经心率校正后的QT间期(QTLc)的特点,为新生儿心电图诊断提供科学依据.方法 不同胎龄新生儿共142例,按胎龄分为:28～30周组、31～33周组、34～36周组、37～40周组.测量心率、P-R、QRS时限及QTLc.结果 不同胎龄新生儿心率随胎龄增长而减慢,P-R间期相应延长,各组间比较差异有非常显著性(P＜0.01);不同胎龄新生儿QRS间期及QTLc无明显变化.结论 不同胎龄新生儿心率及P-R间期变化与胎龄相关,而QRS间期及QTLc与胎龄无明显相关.     

不同胎龄新生儿心电图T波的特点

目的 观察不同胎龄新生儿心电图T波的特点.方法 不同胎龄新生儿共142例,按胎龄分为4组:28～30周组、31～33周组、34～36周组、37～40周组,观测心电图各导联T波情况.结果 28～30周组、31～33周组、34～36周组、37～40周组Tv1振幅[mV,中位数(四分位数间距)]分另4为-0.10(-0.30～0.10)、-0.10(-0.30～0.15)、-0.10(-0.45～0.25)、0.10(-0.30～0.70),TV1振幅随胎龄增长而增高,各组间差异有显著性(Z=22.535,P=0.000);TV5振幅[mV,中位数(四分位数间距)]分别为0.10(-0.10～0.30)、0.10(-0.20～0.30)、0.15(-0.05～0.25)、0.10(-0.10～0.50),各组间无明显变化,差异无显著性(Z=0.202,P=0.977).I、aVL导联T波低平、倒置及各导联T波均低平现象的发生率随胎龄增长而减少,差异有显著性(P<0.05).结论 不同胎龄新生儿TV1振幅、T波异常率与胎龄增长有相关性,TV5振幅与胎龄增长无相关性.     

不同胎龄新生儿心电图T波的特点

Objective To evaluated T-wave characteristics in newborn infants with different gestational age. Methods One hundred and forty-two newborn infants were divided into four groups based on the gestation age consisting of the 28～30 weeks group,31～33 weeks group,34～36 weeks group and 37～40weeks group, respectively. The T-wave characteristics of electrocardiogram were compared among the newborn infants of four groups. Results TV1 amplitudes ( mV, median ( interquartile range) ) of 4 groups were -0. 10( -0. 30～0. 10), -0. 10( -0. 30～0. 15), -0. 10( -0. 45～0. 25 ) and 0. 10( -0. 30～0. 70) ,respectively. There was a statistical elevation of TV1 amplitude with the increase of the gestational age. TV5 amplitudes( mV, median ( interquartile range ) ) of 4 groups were 0. 10 ( - 0. 10～0. 30), 0. 10 ( - 0. 20～0. 30) ,0. 15( -0. 05～0. 25) and 0. 10( -0. 10～0. 50) ,respectively. No significant differences of TV5 amplitudes were found among 4 groups. The incidences of low or inverted T-waves in leads I and aVL, or low and flat T-waves in all leads reduced significantly with the increase of the gestational age. Conclusion The TV1 amplitude and the incidence of abnormal T-wave in newborn infants are correlated to the gestational age,and TV5 amplitude is not correlated to the gestational age.     

不同胎龄新生儿心电图T波的特点

Objective To evaluated T-wave characteristics in newborn infants with different gestational age. Methods One hundred and forty-two newborn infants were divided into four groups based on the gestation age consisting of the 28～30 weeks group,31～33 weeks group,34～36 weeks group and 37～40weeks group, respectively. The T-wave characteristics of electrocardiogram were compared among the newborn infants of four groups. Results TV1 amplitudes ( mV, median ( interquartile range) ) of 4 groups were -0. 10( -0. 30～0. 10), -0. 10( -0. 30～0. 15), -0. 10( -0. 45～0. 25 ) and 0. 10( -0. 30～0. 70) ,respectively. There was a statistical elevation of TV1 amplitude with the increase of the gestational age. TV5 amplitudes( mV, median ( interquartile range ) ) of 4 groups were 0. 10 ( - 0. 10～0. 30), 0. 10 ( - 0. 20～0. 30) ,0. 15( -0. 05～0. 25) and 0. 10( -0. 10～0. 50) ,respectively. No significant differences of TV5 amplitudes were found among 4 groups. The incidences of low or inverted T-waves in leads I and aVL, or low and flat T-waves in all leads reduced significantly with the increase of the gestational age. Conclusion The TV1 amplitude and the incidence of abnormal T-wave in newborn infants are correlated to the gestational age,and TV5 amplitude is not correlated to the gestational age.     

不同胎龄新生儿血清骨钙素的检测

为了解不同胎龄新生儿出生时骨骼生长发育状况,我们检测了６２例不同胎龄儿的血清骨钙素（亦称骨谷氨基蛋白,ＢＧＰ）,并对其变化作了分析,现报告如下。对象与方法一、对象　６２例均为我院１９９７年８月至１９９８年２月收治的新生儿,日龄≤３ｄ。按胎龄分为３组,胎龄为２８～３２ｗｋ（简称早产儿一组）１４例,男１０例,女４例;胎龄为～３６ｗｋ（简称早产儿二组）２０例,男１５例,女５例;胎龄为３７～４０ｗｋ（简称足月儿组）２８例,男２０例,女８例。三组孕母均无肝、肾、内分泌及代谢性骨疾病。采血前均未使用过钙剂、…     

我国不同胎龄新生儿体格发育的现状

我国对不同胎龄新生儿体格发育的研究,始于1980年上海市对20,884例新生儿出生体重的回顾性分析,列出了孕32～34周不同胎龄新生儿体重的百分位数。1983年发表了江苏省5市13所医院于1980～1981年调查的14,055例单胎活婴的体     

不同胎龄新生儿身长体重指数研究

目的 制定不同胎龄新生儿身长体重指数,为胎儿宫内发育评价提供参考数据。方法 采用横断面时间段整群抽样实况调查方法,于2005~2006年在深圳宝安区妇幼保健院完成了8 357例不同胎龄新生儿体重、身长、顶臀长、头围、胸围现场测量,用以制定不同胎龄新生儿身长体重指数。结果 计算深圳不同胎龄(孕28~44周)不同性别新生儿身长体重五项指数[克托莱指数(QI)、考浦指数(KI);劳雷尔指数(RI);利比指数(LI);勃洛克指数(PI)],以均数±标准差表示。结果五项身长体重指数都随胎龄增加指数值不断递增,峰值出现在孕41~43周,显示了胎儿胎龄增大人体密度和充实度不断提高。男性QI、KI和PI值高于女性(P结论 不同胎龄新生儿随胎龄增加人体密度和充实度不断提高,男婴充实度比女婴好。     

西北地区三级医院不同胎龄新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征疾病特点和防治状况研究

目的 调查西北地区三级医院不同胎龄新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)的疾病特点和防治状况,为西北地区RDS 的防治提供依据。方法 将2011 年1 月至12 月西北三省12 家三级医院诊断为RDS 的新生儿440 例分为早期早产儿组(胎龄n=247)、晚期早产儿组(胎龄34~36+6 周,n=131)和足月儿组(胎龄≥ 37 周,n=62),收集各组患儿发病基本情况、围产因素、防治情况、并发症及预后等进行回顾性分析。结果 早期早产儿组多胎率最高;两个早产儿组胎膜早破发生率高于足月儿组;足月儿组无宫缩剖宫产率高于两个早产儿组。产前激素应用率以早期早产儿组最高;早期早产儿组肺表面活性物质(PS)的使用率及首次应用时间均高于其余两组(PPP结论 西北地区不同胎龄RDS 患儿在围产期因素、产前预防、PS 治疗、并发症及预后等方面有明显不同。     

中国15城市不同胎龄男女新生儿出生体重值修正报告

本文报告中国15城市28～44周不同胎龄男女新生儿出生体重值。为了与国际上同类研究进行比较,作者采用美国CDC 研制的概率图的方法,对新生儿出生体重实测值进行修正,以供国内外同道参考应用。     

71例新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎临床分析

目的 研究新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC）发病、预后及其相关因素间的关系。方法 对71例新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎在各相关因素影响下的基本分布情况、预后作一回顾性分析。结果 NEC好发于胎龄〈34周者,以非母乳喂养者居多,发病时间大多在2周内。胎龄≥34周的NEC患儿存活率明显高于胎龄〈34周的NEC患儿,尤其见于24h内开始喂养、出生后予以人工喂养和非极低出生体重的NEC患儿。结论 胎龄是影响NEC发生率和存活率的重要因素,适当延迟小胎龄儿喂乳时间、应用母乳喂养可改善其预后。     

The ELGAN study of the brain and related disorders in extremely low gestational age newborns

Background

Extremely low gestational age newborns (ELGANs) are at increased risk for structural and functional brain abnormalities.

Aim

To identify factors that contribute to brain damage in ELGANs.

Study design

Multi-center cohort study.

Subjects

We enrolled 1506 ELGANs born before 28 weeks gestation at 14 sites; 1201 (80%) survived to 2 years corrected age. Information about exposures and characteristics was collected by maternal interview, from chart review, microbiologic and histological examination of placentas, and measurement of proteins in umbilical cord and early postnatal blood spots.

Outcome measures

Indicators of white matter damage, i.e. ventriculomegaly and echolucent lesions, on protocol cranial ultrasound scans; head circumference and developmental outcomes at 24 months adjusted age, i.e., cerebral palsy, mental and motor scales of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, and a screen for autism spectrum disorders.

Results

ELGAN Study publications thus far provide evidence that the following are associated with ultrasongraphically detected white matter damage, cerebral palsy, or both: preterm delivery attributed to preterm labor, prelabor premature rupture of membranes, or cervical insufficiency; recovery of microorganisms in the placenta parenchyma, including species categorized as human skin microflora; histological evidence of placental inflammation; lower gestational age at delivery; greater neonatal illness severity; severe chronic lung disease; neonatal bacteremia; and necrotizing enterocolitis.

Conclusions

In addition to supporting a potential role for many previously identified antecedents of brain damage in ELGANs, our study is the first to provide strong evidence that brain damage in extremely preterm infants is associated with microorganisms in placenta parenchyma.     

小于胎龄儿新生儿期ghrelin水平与生长轴关系的研究

目的通过比较小于胎龄儿（SGA）与适于胎龄儿（AGA）新生儿早期血ghrelin水平和代谢促生长轴各因素的差别和相关性,探索ghrelin在SGA发病机制中的作用。方法通过配对对17例SGA和17例AGA的血清ghrelin、IGF-1、生长激素、胰岛素、血糖浓度进行比较并分析其差异的意义。结果与AGA组相比,SGA组血ghrelin水平显著升高（P〈0．05）,血IGF-1、胰岛素水平显著下降（P〈0．05）,血生长激素和血糖水平差异无统计学意义。结论与AGA相比,SGA新生儿有高ghrelin血症。SGA新生儿的高血ghrenlin水平伴随其低下的出生体重、身长、血IGF-1、胰岛素水平,在一定程度上反映了其宫内营养不良状况。ghrelin作为胰岛素的反调节激素,SGA的ghrelin高分泌可能是宫内能量负平衡所致低胰岛素、低IGF-1状态反馈和／或重整性调控的结果。     

IGF-I, IGF-II, free IGF-I and IGFBP-1, -2 and -3 levels in venous cord blood: relationship to birthweight, length and gestational age in healthy newborns

Abstract The insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) have been implicated in regulating fetal growth and development. The aim of this study was to determine whether fetal IGFs correlate with auxologic data at birth and/or gestational age. Venous cord blood was obtained from 138 healthy newborns immediately after birth and clinical data were recorded using a standardized data sheet. For the determination of IGF-I and IGF-II, IGFBP-blocked radioimmunoassays were used. A coated-tube immunoradiometric assay was applied for the measurement of free IGF-I. IGFBP-1, -2, and -3 were measured using specific radioimmunoassays. IGF-I levels were 61 ± 21 ng ml^-1, median 61 ng ml^-1, range 19-114ng ml^-1: IGF-II levels were 466 ± 80ng ml^-1, median 457 ng ml^-1, range 311–701 ng ml^-1; free IGF-I levels were 2.4 ± 1.8ng ml^-1, median 1.8 ng ml^-1, range 0.4–7.8ng ml^-1. The concentration of IGFBP-1 was 144± 110 ng ml^-1, median 113 ng ml^-1, range 20–626 ng ml^-1; that of IGFBP-2 was 1165 ± 455ng ml^-1, median 1119ng ml^-1, range 440–3466 ng ml^-1. IGFBP-3 levels were 1272 ± 280 ng ml^-1, median 1272ng ml^-1, range 600–1966 ng ml^-1. IGF-I levels correlated significantly with IGFBP-3 levels (r= 0.71). birthweight (r= 0.48) and birth length (r= 0.37). There were significant inverse correlations between IGF-I and both IGFBP-I (r= - 0.45) and IGFBP-2 (r= - 0.62). Although free IGF-I levels correlated (r= 0.71) with total IGF-I, only marginally significant correlations were found between free IGF-I and birthweight (r= 0.25). According to multiple regression analysis free IGF-I levels were only dependent upon total IGF-I, IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-1, whereas IGFBP-3 levels did not contribute to the variance of free IGF-1 concentrations in venous cord blood. There was no significant correlation between IGF-II and auxologic data at birth. When IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels were analysed with respect to gestational age a biphasic pattern with maxima at 270 d was observed. IGFBP-2 exhibited a reversed pattern with a minimum at 265 d of gestation. In conclusion, these data suggest that IGF-I and the IGFBPs, but not IGF-II, play a role in the regulation of late fetal growth and development.