Midterm experience with the endovascular treatment of isolated iliac aneurysms.

PURPOSE: This report describes our 5-year experience with the endovascular repair of isolated iliac aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms. METHODS: Between June 1993 and July 1998, 40 isolated iliac aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms were treated with endovascular grafts in 39 patients. Thirty-seven aneurysms were treated with endovascular grafts composed of polytetrafluoroethylene grafts and balloon expandable stents, and the other three underwent repair with a polycarbonate urethane endoluminal graft. RESULTS: All the patients underwent initially successful endovascular treatment of isolated iliac aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms and were followed from 1 to 51 months (mean, 18 months). The 4-year primary patency rate was 94.5% +/- 10%. The perioperative complications included one episode of distal embolization, an episode of colonic ischemia, five episodes of kinking or compression of the endovascular graft, and one early postoperative graft thrombosis. There was only one perioperative death in a patient whose aneurysm ruptured in the operating room just before endovascular repair. The median postoperative length of hospital stay was 3.0 +/- 1.3 days in this group of patients at moderate and high risk. The long-term complications included one graft thrombosis and two endoleaks. One small endoleak was followed until the patient died of unrelated causes, and the other one led to aneurysm rupture in the only patient temporarily lost to follow-up examination. This patient successfully underwent treatment in the standard open surgical fashion. To date, all the other aneurysms have remained stable or have decreased in size during the follow-up examinations with duplex or contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scans. CONCLUSION: Endovascular repair of iliac aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms is a safe and effective technique with good midterm results in patients at standard and high risk. These grafts are particularly beneficial for patients with medical, surgical, or anatomic contraindications for open surgical repair.     

孤立性髂动脉瘤的外科及腔内治疗

目的总结孤立性髂动脉瘤的治疗经验。方法回顾性分析收治的8例孤立性髂动脉瘤患者的临床资料。4例患者接受髂动脉瘤切除,人工血管重建手术;4例高龄且合并症较多的患者接受腔内支架修复术。结果所有患者治疗均获成功,1例接受腔内治疗患者术后出现腹膜后脓肿,经积极抗感染及手术引流后治愈;余7例未出现并发症。术后随访3个月至2年,所有患者存活良好,无复发。结论外科开放手术及腔内手术均可以安全有效地治疗孤立性髂动脉瘤,临床上需根据患者具体情况选择合理的治疗方式,对于高龄且合并症较多的高危患者应首选腔内手术治疗。     

Midterm results of endovascular repair of descending thoracic aortic aneurysms with first-generation stent grafts

OBJECTIVE: Five years after reporting our initial stent-graft repair of descending thoracic aortic aneurysms experience, we determined the 5- to 10-year results of stent-graft treatment and identified risk factors for adverse late outcomes. METHODS: Between 1992 and 1997, 103 patients (mean age 69 +/- 12 years) underwent repair using first-generation (custom-fabricated) stent grafts. Sixty-two patients (60%) were unsuitable candidates for conventional open surgical repair ("inoperable"). Follow-up was 100% complete (mean 4.5 +/- 2.5 years; maximum 10 years). Outcome variables included death and treatment failure (endoleak, aortic rupture, reintervention, and/or aortic-related or sudden death). RESULTS: Overall actuarial survival was 82% +/- 4%, 49% +/- 5%, and 27% +/- 6% at 1, 5, and 8 years. Survival in open surgical candidates was 93% +/- 4% and 78% +/- 6% and at 1 and 5 years compared with 74% +/- 6% and 31% +/- 6% in those deemed inoperable (P <.001). Independent risk factors for death were older age (hazard ratio = 1.1; P =.008), previous stroke (hazard ratio = 2.8; P =.003), and being designated an inoperable candidate (hazard ratio = 1.9; P =.04). Actuarial freedom from aortic reintervention and treatment failure at 8 years was 70% +/- 6% and 39% +/- 8%, respectively. Earlier operative year (hazard ratio = 1.2; P =.07), larger distal landing zone diameter (hazard ratio = 1.1; P =.001), and transposition of the left subclavian artery (hazard ratio = 3.3; P =.008) were determinants of treatment failure. CONCLUSIONS: Survival after aneurysm repair using crude, first-generation stent grafts was satisfactory in good operative candidates but bleak in the inoperable cohort, raising the question of whether asymptomatic patients should have even been treated. Late aortic complications were detected in many patients, reemphasizing the importance of serial imaging surveillance.     

Endovascular treatment of isolated internal iliac artery aneurysms

The aim of the paper is to evaluate the outcome of endovascular treatments for isolated internal iliac artery aneurysms. A systematic review of the literature using public domain databases was undertaken. All studies reporting on endovascular treatment of isolated hypogastric artery aneurysms were considered. Experience from our institution was involved in the data analysis. The primary outcome measures were technical success, perioperative, and overall mortality and morbidity. Data were extracted from 30 articles fulfilling the selection criteria, and the study cohort consisted of 55 patients having undergone treatment of 59 internal iliac artery aneurysms. Ten patients (18%) were treated on an urgent or emergency basis for a ruptured aneurysm. Technical success was achieved in 71% of the cases. The most common reason for technical failure was incomplete exclusion of the aneurysm sac. Thirty-day mortality occurred in one patient (2%). The 30-day morbidity rate was 20%, and was mostly associated with insufficiency of the pelvic circulation. One aneurysm-related death occurred during a mean follow-up period of 13 months (range 0.5-56 months). Open surgical intervention for aneurysm-related complications was required in five patients. In conclusion, endovascular treatment of isolated internal iliac artery aneurysms is an effective alternative option, with satisfactory early and mid-term results.     

Midterm results from a physician-sponsored investigational device exemption clinical trial evaluating physician-modified endovascular grafts for the treatment of juxtarenal aortic aneurysms

Objective

The objective of this study was to report midterm results of an ongoing physician-sponsored investigational device exemption pivotal clinical trial using physician-modified endovascular grafts (PMEGs) for treatment of patients with juxtarenal aortic aneurysms who are deemed unfit for open repair.

Technical tips for endovascular repair of common iliac artery aneurysms

Isolated common iliac artery aneurysms are rare, comprising <2% of all aneurysm disease. These aneurysms present as either isolated disease, .03% of the population, or, in conjunction with abdominal aortic aneurysm, in approximately 20% to 25% of such cases. Common iliac artery aneurysms are defined as any localized dilatation of the common iliac artery >1.5 cm in diameter. Elective repair for isolated common iliac artery aneurysms is generally not undertaken for aneurysms <3 cm in diameter unless they are part of an abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Most common iliac artery aneurysms are found incidentally during abdominal/pelvic diagnostic imaging studies or at the time of pelvic or abdominal surgery. As with abdominal aortic aneurysms, endovascular repair of common iliac artery aneurysms follows techniques similar to those used for endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Management includes aneurysm exclusion with an endograft, which seals at sites within the proximal and distal common iliac artery and may involve coil occlusion of the hypogastric artery with extension of the reconstruction into the proximal external iliac artery, or use a "bell-bottom" endograft limb placed at the common iliac bifurcation. Technical tips for successful outcome are described here, and all US Food and Drug Administration approved endografts have been used for repair. There were no statistically significant differences in outcomes that correlated with device or repair techniques used for management of common iliac artery aneurysms. Mid-term 54-month outcome has been excellent, with no common iliac artery ruptures or aneurysm-related deaths and the need for secondary interventions was gratifyingly small.     

腔内技术重建髂内动脉治疗单纯髂动脉病变的近期疗效观察

背景与目的：髂内动脉病变可引起多种临床症状，积极治疗能明显改善患者的预后和生活质量。开放手术是髂动脉病变治疗的经典方法，但在技术方面要求更高，给患者带来的风险也更大，腔内技术重建髂内动脉已得到广泛应用，目前这方面的进展主要集中在合并腹主动脉瘤等治疗上，单纯针对髂动脉病变的研究较少。而且由于病变种类、解剖结构的复杂性，国内外尚无专门的指南或专家共识指导髂内动脉病变的诊治，腔内治疗技术缺少统一的规范。这就要求临床诊疗过程中术者需根据病变特点、入路解剖、自身经验等制定因人而异的策略。目前应用较为广泛、技术相对成熟的腔内治疗方法有腔内血管成形术、支架植入术等，合并髂外动脉者有“三明治”技术、分支支架技术等，各有利弊。本研究观察采用前述常见的腔内修复方法，针对髂内动脉病变患者，根据不同病情选择不同重建方案的近期治疗效果，以探讨应用个体化腔内技术重建髂内动脉的可行性。方法：回顾性分析2015年11月—2022年6月在国家心血管病中心行髂内动脉重建的13例单纯髂动脉病变患者资料。主要结局指标为有无术后新发臀肌跛行、勃起功能障碍等髂内动脉缺血症状，次要结局指标包括术后至少1个月复查主动脉CTA显示血流...     

Staged endovascular repair of bilateral internal iliac artery aneurysms

Internal iliac artery (IIA) aneurysms present several challenges to the vascular surgeon: They are uncommon, and the often difficult repair is associated with relatively high morbidity/mortality. Bilateral internal iliac disease adds technical complications secondary to ischemic complications. In this case, a 76-year-old male with bilateral IIA aneurysms underwent staged endovascular coil embolization, resulting in exclusion of flow to the aneurysms and avoidance of ischemic postoperative complications. Angiography during the procedure verified complete bilateral IIA occlusion, which remained intact at 6-week and 1 year follow-up (computed tomography). This case illustrates successful repair of bilateral IIA using endovascular techniques.     

带髂内分支支架的腔内隔绝术治疗腹主动脉瘤伴双髂动脉瘤

目的探讨带髂内分支支架的腔内隔绝技术在腹主动脉瘤伴双髂动脉瘤治疗中的应用。方法回顾性分析2011年6月～2012年6月我院收治的10例腹主动脉瘤合并双髂动脉瘤患者的临床资料。患者均于术前行CT血管造影(CTA)检查,腹主动脉瘤均为肾下型;髂动脉瘤仅累及髂总动脉8例,累及髂内动脉开口处2例。手术先置入带髂内分支的髂动脉带膜支架,再置入腹主动脉瘤的分叉型带膜支架。结果患者均一次手术成功,无死亡。9例患者获得随访,随访时间3～6个月,患者腹部搏动性肿块均消失,均未出现臀部、骶尾部坏死,无明显性功能障碍,1例出现臀部的轻度间歇性跛行。8例术后3个月行腹主、双髂动脉彩超检查,未见明显内瘘,移植的髂内分支支架血流通畅。3例术后6个月行腹主、双髂动脉CTA检查,未见Ⅰ型、Ⅲ型内瘘,髂内分支支架内血流通畅。结论带髂内分支支架的腔内隔绝技术在腹主动脉瘤伴双髂动脉瘤的治疗中是安全、有效的;可以有效地保留一侧髂内动脉,减少或避免因髂内动脉封闭而带来的并发症。     

Urological manifestations of isolated iliac artery aneurysms

Three patients with iliac artery aneurysms were seen at our institution with the chief complaints owing to urological manifestations. Iliac artery aneurysms may present with a transrectally palpable mass, hematuria, bladder outlet obstruction, ureteral obstruction, retroperitoneal fibrosis or renal failure. Any such manifestations may bring the aneurysm to the attention of a urologist before diagnosis.     

Endovascular management of isolated iliac artery aneurysms

OBJECTIVE: We reviewed our experience with endovascular treatment of isolated iliac artery aneurysms (IAAs). METHODS: Medical records for consecutive patients undergoing endovascular IAA repair from 1995 to 2004 were reviewed. Computed tomography (CT) angiograms were used to assess IAA location, size, and presence of endoleaks after endovascular repair. Rates of primary patency and freedom from secondary interventions were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier life-table method. RESULTS: From July 1995 to November 2004, 45 patients (42 men), with a mean age of 75 years, underwent endovascular repair of 61 isolated IAAs: 41 common iliac, 19 internal iliac, and one external iliac. Five patients (11%) were symptomatic, although none presented with acute rupture. The mean preoperative IAA diameter was 4.2 +/- 1.7 cm. Fifteen patients (33%) had prior open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Local or regional anesthesia was used in 28 cases (62%). Thirty-four patients (75%) were treated with unilateral iliac stent-grafts, eight (18%) with bifurcated aortic stent-grafts, and three (7%) with coil embolization alone. Perioperative major complications included one early graft thrombosis that eventually required conversion to open repair and one groin hematoma that required operative evacuation. On follow-up, late complications included one additional graft thrombosis and one late death after amputation. No late ruptures occurred after endovascular repair, with a mean follow-up of 22 months (range, 0 to 60 months). The mean postoperative length of stay was 1.3 +/- 1.0 days. On postoperative CT scans obtained at 1, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months, aneurysm shrinkage was noted in 18%, 29%, 57%, 67%, and 83% of IAAs, respectively, compared with the baseline diameter. One hypogastric aneurysm enlarged in the presence of a later identified type II endoleak. Five endoleaks were noted (4 type II, 1 indeterminate) at 1 month, with four other endoleaks (1 type II, 1 type III, 2 indeterminate) identified on later CT scans. At 2 years, primary patency was 95%, and freedom from secondary interventions was 88%. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular repair of isolated IAAs appears safe and effective, with initial results similar to those after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.     

Management of isolated common iliac artery aneurysms

Purpose: Since isolated common iliac artery aneurysms are rare and there is no consensus regarding some aspects of their management, we reviewed our recorded experience with common iliac artery aneurysms from 1977 through 1993. Methods: We were able to identify 25 patients having a total of 33 common iliac artery aneurysms on the basis of information maintained by our medical records staff, old surgical logs and a departmental registry that was implemented in 1989. Follow-up data were collected from outpatient charts and by telephone contact. New imaging studies were obtained for 14 patients who either underwent common iliac artery aneurysm repair without aortic replacement (aortic ultrasound scans, n = 7) or had no surgical treatment whatsoever (computerized tomography of the abdomen and pelvis, n = 7). Results: All 25 patients were men (mean age, 71 years). Eighteen patients (72%) had elective (n = 14) or urgent (n = 4) operations to repair common iliac artery aneurysms with mean diameters of 3.8 cm and 5.8 cm, respectively. There was one postoperative death (5.5%) in conjunction with complementary renal revascularization in a patient with preoperative renal insufficiency. During a mean follow-up period of 50 months, two (29%) of the seven patients who had not received bifurcation grafts at the time of their common iliac artery aneurysm procedures had developed infrarenal aortic aneurysms. Seven (28%) of the original 25 patients were observed without intervention for common iliac artery aneurysms measuring 2–2.5 cm in diameter. No common iliac artery aneurysm enlargement or new aortic aneurysms have been documented in any of these patients at a mean follow-up interval of 57 months. Conclusions: In our limited experience, the risk for spontaneous rupture appears to be concentrated among common iliac artery aneurysms exceeding 5 cm in diameter, while those that are less than 3 cm in diameter may fail even to enlarge under observation. Therefore, common iliac artery aneurysms measuring ≥3 cm in size probably warrant surgical treatment, at which time simultaneous aortic replacement also should be a serious consideration.     

Complications of isolated bilateral iliac artery aneurysms

Isolated iliac artery aneurysms occur infrequently. They comprise about 2 per cent of all abdominal aneurysms. Most patients are symptomatic at the time of presentation. The average diameter is 5.7 cm at diagnosis. We report the acutely symptomatic presentation of a 76-year-old African-American man with 7- and 9-cm bilateral common iliac and a right hypogastic artery aneurysms. Aneurysmorrhaphy was complicated by pelvic ischemia. Colonoscopy and arteriography were used postoperatively to evaluate the extent of his worsening gluteal ischemia. Restoration of pelvic blood flow corrected his gluteal ischemia.     

The midterm experience of tapered stent grafts in the endovascular management of iliac artery aneurysms with unfavorable anatomy

We report our experience and the midterm results of a modern technique for endovascular management of isolated iliac artery aneurysms (IAAs) with unfavorable neck anatomy, which involves the inversion of an iliac leg of a Zenith stent graft. Patients who underwent endovascular IAA repair from 2002 to 2010 were reviewed. A total of 12 patients, with a mean age of 77.6 years, underwent endovascular repair of 13 IAAs. Mean size of the aneurysms was 54.6 mm (range 34-133 mm). Mean proximal neck diameter was 18 mm (range 15-22 mm). In 7 patients, the length of the proximal neck was <15 mm (10-14 mm). Only 1 patient developed thrombosis of the stent graft immediately after the operation. Patients were followed up for a mean of 31.5 months (range 18-72 months). Our midterm results demonstrate the durability of this technique in the management of iliac aneurysms with unfavorable anatomy.