永靖县孕妇叶酸认知状况分析

目的了解永靖县孕妇对叶酸知识的认知状况及其影响因素,为今后进行叶酸知识健康教育以及进一步推广叶酸的增补提供科学依据。方法 2008年10月1日—2010年9月30日对甘肃省永靖县所有≥28孕周分娩的妇女进行问卷调查。统计分析孕妇对叶酸知识的知晓率、叶酸服用率及规范服用率;用Logistic回归分析其影响因素。结果共收回有效问卷3 536份,孕妇叶酸知识知晓率为94.85%,服用率为92.17%,规范服用率为38.29%。影响孕妇叶酸知晓和服用的主要影响因素有是否接受过健康教育、年龄、职业和户籍所在地。结论永靖县孕妇叶酸的规范服用率低,健康教育是影响孕妇叶酸知晓、服用和规范服用的主要因素;对重点人群进行叶酸及出生缺陷等相关知识的健康教育是提高叶酸规范服用、预防出生缺陷的重点。     

甘肃省围孕期妇女服用叶酸依从行为现状及叶酸依从性的界定研究

目的了解叶酸服用及依从的现状,探讨叶酸依从性的判断标准及干预期。方法选择甘肃省两个县2504名怀孕后3个月至产后1年的妇女作为研究对象,进行面对面的访谈获取相关数据。结果孕妇叶酸自述服用率为38.44%;叶酸服用率为25.36%,叶酸有效服用率为10.55%,无效服用占58.38%。叶酸有效依从行为率为4.82%,无效依从行为率17.19%,无效依从行为率是有效依从行为率的3.57倍,70.43%孕妇叶酸依从行为属无效依从。结论制定可行且适宜的叶酸干预起点时间和干预期,提高叶酸有效服用率和有效依从率,是预防出生缺陷发生率的重要保障。     

兵团育龄妇女叶酸知晓与服用情况分析

目的:了解新疆生产建设兵团近5年有生育史妇女的叶酸知晓及服用情况。方法:数据来源于第三次兵团卫生服务调查结果,采取四阶段分层、整群随机抽样方法,共调查2005年7月1日～2010年6月30日有生育史的妇女627人;对叶酸知晓和服用的影响因素进行单因素和非条件Logistic逐步回归分析。结果:兵团近5年有生育史的妇女叶酸知晓率为56.8%,服用率为41.0%;妊娠期间服用叶酸257人,占41.0%,平均年龄(30.9±4.6)岁;知道叶酸可以预防神经管畸形301人,占48.0%;在知晓叶酸的妇女中,妊娠前及期间服用叶酸257人,占72.2%。汉族、文化程度高、孕早期做过产检、从事非农业劳动的妇女叶酸知晓率高,汉族、文化程度高、孕早期做过产检、年龄25～34岁的妇女叶酸服用率高。结论:应加强宣传教育,普及叶酸知识,提高育龄妇女增补叶酸行为的主动性。     

滨海县东坎镇叶酸服用率及其知晓现状调查

目的分析、探讨提高农村妇女叶酸知识知晓率和全程规范服用率的措施,为干预出生缺陷提供依据。方法按省规范及县级考核标准自行设计问卷,随机抽取2013年度1 042名农村妇女作为研究对象,进行叶酸服用率及相关知识知晓率的抽样调查,并进行相关性分析。结果调查1 042名适龄妇女,收回有效问卷983份,有效应答率为94.3%。调查对象叶酸知识知晓率92.2%;叶酸服用率88.6%,全程规范服用率45.4%。学历越高、年龄越大、家庭收入越高,知晓率越高;学历越高服用率越高,全程服用率越高;待孕妇女、新生儿的产次亦与叶酸服用率相关。结论妇女叶酸知识的知晓率及服用率较低,与省重大妇幼项目规范标准还有一定距离,需要充分发挥社区力量,相关部门合力协作,加大健康教育的力度,进一步提高出生人口质量。     

马鞍山市孕期妇女服用叶酸状况及其影响因素分析

目的了解马鞍山市孕期妇女叶酸服用情况以及影响因素,为更好地开展孕前及早孕期保健提供依据。方法对市妇幼保健院进行产前检查的孕妇606人进行叶酸服用情况调查,采用Logistic回归分析影响孕期服用叶酸的相关因素。结果目标人群叶酸服用率为59.9%。听家人和朋友（28.7%）、医务人员（25.1%）说等途径是孕期妇女获得叶酸知识的主要来源。单因素分析发现,影响孕期妇女服用叶酸的主要影响因素为：年龄、教育程度、职业、对叶酸知识的了解程度。经过多因素Logistic回归分析发现,具有大专及以上教育程度、教师职业和对叶酸知识的了解程度与叶酸服用关系密切。结论为提高孕期妇女叶酸服用率,应该根据不同人群的特点加强宣传。     

家人及专业人员对育龄妇女孕期叶酸服用行为的影响分析

目的分析家人及专业人员对育龄妇女孕期叶酸服用行为的影响,为提高叶酸干预效果提供基础数据。方法采用医院及入户调查方法,抽取甘肃省两个县内2094名孕后三个月至产后一年的妇女进行面对面匿名问卷调查。结果 2094名调查对象叶酸知晓率为62.2%,叶酸服用率为25.4%。家人对叶酸较高的认知水平(OR=0.268,95%CI 0.208～0.346)、家人对叶酸服用持赞成态度(OR=0.103,95%CI 0.031～0.338)、家人的督促行为(OR=0.147,95%CI 0.115～0.190)、专业人员宣传(OR=0.252,95%CI 0.197～0.323)及督导行为(OR=0.168,95%CI 0.096～0.296)是妇女孕期叶酸服用行为的影响因素。结论家人及专业人员对妇女孕期叶酸服用行为具有影响,应将孕妇家人及专业人员纳入干预对象开展叶酸干预宣教,以提高叶酸服用率。     

240例孕妇叶酸服用状况调查

目的 了解育龄妇女怀孕前后叶酸(FA)服用情况,为更好地开展孕前及孕期保健提供依据.方法 设计专用调查表,对240例孕20周以上孕妇进行FA服用情况进行调查,分析FA服用率及影响因素.结果 240例孕妇总FA服用率为67.1%,规范服用率(孕前3个月至孕早期3个月服用FA)为13.3%.不同省份与不同地区的FA服用率均有显著性差异.随着文化程度的增高,FA服用率也相应提高.结论 围孕期妇女FA服用率不高,规范服用率低.应加强健康教育.     

264例孕中期妇女增补叶酸情况调查与分析

目的:了解盘锦市孕中期妇女的叶酸知识与增补情况,探讨影响因素,提出干预措施。方法:通过对264例孕中期妇女进行调查,了解孕中期孕妇的叶酸知晓与增补情况及不同人口学特征对其的影响,采用χ2检验进行统计分析。结果:264例孕中期孕妇中,了解叶酸知识率60.23%,了解叶酸知识不详率37.71%,增补叶酸率92.42%,孕前增补率46.72%。≥35岁组叶酸知晓率最低,19～24岁组孕前叶酸增补率最低;叶酸知晓率与孕前叶酸增补率随文化程度的增高而增高;家庭人均月收入<1 500元组叶酸知晓率与孕前增补率最低;农村与城镇孕中期孕妇叶酸知晓率比较差异无统计学意义,但孕前增补叶酸率农村低于城镇。45.83%的叶酸知识来源于亲戚及朋友,38.26%来源于医疗机构。结论:可通过多种途径、方式普及叶酸知识,尤其加强对高龄与低龄妇女、低文化、低收入及农村育龄妇女叶酸知识的宣传,提高叶酸知晓率与有效增补率。     

北京市郊区育龄妇女叶酸服用现状调查

目的 了解2016年北京市郊区备孕期及妊娠期妇女叶酸的补充现状。方法 2016年10-11月采用整群抽样方法在北京市郊区抽取6家医院，共计722名育龄妇女进行问卷调查。结果 有效样本量为714人，叶酸服用率为63.9%（456/714）；叶酸规律服用率为83.3%（380/456）。在记得叶酸服用天数的450名妇女中，35.5%（159/450）在孕前开始服用叶酸，其中27.3%（123/450）在孕前0~3个月开始服用叶酸，8.0%（36/450）在孕前3个月开始服用叶酸。多因素logistic回归分析发现户口性质、备孕期或妊娠期、产妇类型、吸烟和饮酒情况是服用叶酸产品或复合产品的影响因素。结论 北京市郊区育龄妇女叶酸服用现状不容乐观，需要进一步加大叶酸相关知识的宣传力度，从而提高叶酸服用率和规律服用率、促进母婴健康及降低母婴并发症。     

长沙县农村育龄妇女增补叶酸现状及其影响因素

目的了解长沙县农村育龄妇女叶酸的增补现状及其影响因素,为促进增补叶酸预防神经管缺陷项目的实施提供参考。方法于2012年4月采用二阶段完全随机抽样方法对长沙县406名育龄妇女进行问卷调查,了解育龄妇女叶酸的知晓和服用情况,采用Logistic回归分析育龄妇女叶酸孕前服用和叶酸服用依从的影响因素。结果育龄妇女叶酸知晓率为19.9%,叶酸服用率为74.8%,叶酸服用依从率为20.4%,三者均未达到叶酸增补项目的总目标(P0.01)。多因素Logistic回归显示,知道叶酸需要持续补充6个月的育龄妇女更为依从(OR=2.559,P=0.001)、孕妇、一年内产妇较计划怀孕育龄妇女(孕妇OR=3.159,P=0.006;一年内产妇OR=5.535,P0.001)及曾接受过叶酸教育的育龄妇女叶酸服用依从性佳(OR=3.645,P0.001)。结论长沙县育龄妇女叶酸知晓率、服用率和依从率较低。应加强对育龄妇女叶酸预防神经管缺陷的宣传教育,并保证叶酸知识能够被育龄妇女接受。     

石河子市孕产妇的叶酸认知与服用情况分析

目的:了解新疆石河子市孕产妇的叶酸认知与服用情况。方法:采用整群抽样的方法,调查2011年1～11月在石河子市接受产前检查并分娩的697名孕产妇对叶酸认知与服用情况,并对其影响因素进行单因素和非条件Logistic逐步回归分析。结果:石河子市孕产妇叶酸知晓率为98.1%,对叶酸的作用知晓率、服用率、最佳服用时间知晓率及适时服用率分别为90.5%、95.0%、82.8%和34.1%。分娩年龄和文化程度是叶酸认知和服用的主要影响因素。结论:叶酸增补宣传教育应以低龄及高龄、低文化程度孕产妇和经产妇为重点人群,强调叶酸的作用及合理补充叶酸的方法,可以提高孕产妇人群的叶酸有效服用比例。     

Folic acid awareness and supplementation among Texas women of childbearing age

OBJECTIVE: Neural tube defects (NTDs) affect about seven of every 10,000 deliveries in Texas. To reduce the risk for NTDs, women are encouraged to supplement with 400 mcg folic acid daily during their reproductive years. This study examines folic acid awareness, knowledge, and supplementation practices among women of childbearing age (WCBA), including residents of Texas-Mexico border as well as women of Hispanic origin/ethnicity, populations that have NTD rates up to three times higher than the national average. METHODS: We conducted a statewide multistage sample telephone survey among Texas women of childbearing age in 2001. In total 1,196 women age 18 to 44 were interviewed. RESULTS: About 78% of WCBA knew about folic acid, 28% knew that folic acid prevents birth defects, and 25% knew to take folic acid before pregnancy. The prevalence of daily folic acid supplementation among all women of childbearing age was 33%. Education was the strongest predictor of folic acid awareness followed by race/ethnicity and age. Significant predictors of daily folic acid supplementation were education and ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest the need for more emphases on strategies to improve the level of folic acid supplementation among low educated women, and race ethnic minority populations.     

甘肃省5个项目县育龄妇女叶酸规范服用影响因素的定性研究

目的:探讨影响育龄妇女叶酸规范服用的主要因素,提高妇女对叶酸服用的主动依从性。方法:采用小组访谈定性研究的方式,在甘肃省敦煌市、渭源县、永靖县、泾川县和徽县等5个市(县)分别组织孕妇、县和乡级人口计生管理及技术人员,以及医疗机构业务人员各7～8名进行访谈。结果:被调查者普遍反映妇女对叶酸的认识还不够明确,做到孕前3个月和孕后前3个月坚持服用叶酸的人不多;影响因素来自妇女本人、家庭成员等多个方面。另外有些服务机构专业知识欠缺也导致了妇女叶酸服用的依从性差。结论:应继续加大优生优育的宣传教育力度,提高育龄夫妇保健意识;加强对专业技术人员的业务培训;及时总结叶酸的发放、管理、正确使用等工作,减少浪费。     

孕妇服用叶酸行为影响因素研究

目的分析孕妇服用叶酸的影响因素,为提高叶酸干预效果提供基础数据。方法采用医院及入户调查方法,抽取甘肃省两个县内2094名孕后三个月至产后一年的妇女进行面对面匿名问卷调查。结果 2094名调查对象中,叶酸服用率为25.4%。叶酸认知水平、年龄、出生缺陷生育史及孕后去医院检查、文化程度、计划妊娠、流产史、孕前去医院检查等是影响孕妇叶酸服用行为的主要影响因素。结论孕妇生育史及对叶酸的认知水平是影响其叶酸服用的重要原因;对育龄人群广泛开展叶酸认知教育,倡导健康的计划生育观念应成为干预的重点措施;而如何找到提高孕前叶酸服用的有效途径还有待探讨。     

云南省农村育龄妇女增补叶酸影响因素调查

目的:探讨云南省农村育龄妇女围孕期及妊娠期增补叶酸的现状及影响因素。方法:采用整群随机抽样法抽取泸西县符合条件的共2538位农村孕产妇进行问卷调查。应用单因素分析和多因素非条件logistic逐步回归法寻找围孕期及妊娠期增补叶酸的影响因素。结果:51.7%的调查对象在围孕期或妊娠期补充过叶酸。多因素分析显示影响农村育龄妇女增补叶酸的因素有妻子的受教育年限(OR=0.53)、家庭去年的总收入(OR=2.222)、孕前健康检查状况(OR=3.397)、家中有无优生宣传资料(OR=1.957)、优生知识是否及格(OR=2.380)、是否知道叶酸的作用(OR=88.015)。结论:健康教育应当成为云南广大农村增补叶酸服务的先导,孕前保健服务应当是叶酸推广和其他生殖保健技术服务的结合。在叶酸的推广中,计划生育宣传员发挥着重要作用。     

Awareness and Use of Folic Acid Among Women in the Lower Mississippi Delta

CONTEXT: National and state efforts to increase folic acid awareness and use may not be reaching large segments of the population. PURPOSE: This study examines folic acid awareness and use among women of childbearing age in a representative, economically at-risk rural sample and identifies factors that influence awareness and use. METHODS: A cross-sectional random digit dialing telephone survey was completed with a representative sample of 646 women aged 14-45 years in 36 counties of the lower Mississippi Delta. Folic acid awareness and supplement use were estimated by percentages weighted to reflect the 36-county population. Pregnancy intentions and the ability to become pregnant were used to predict awareness and use among a subsample of sexually active women. FINDINGS: Compared to national samples, Delta women were less likely to have heard of folic acid (75% vs 64%) or to take a regular (5-7 days/wk) folic acid supplement (34% vs 22%). The proportion of women who took regular folic acid supplements was very low among some subgroups: African Americans (14%), those 14-19 years of age (12%), and those with low incomes (13%) and low educational levels (14%). Of the women who reported being sexually active, the ability to become pregnant more than doubled their likelihood of regular supplement use. CONCLUSIONS: The national folic acid campaign has not reached many women in the rural Mississippi Delta. A new mode of folic acid education is needed that is focused on low-income and young women and women not planning pregnancies. In the Delta and similar geographic regions, health care providers, black church leaders, and youth group leaders could be valuable advocates for folic acid.     

甘肃省孕产妇对叶酸增补知识认知现况调查

目的:了解孕产妇对叶酸增补知识认知现状,探讨影响认知的关键知识点,为增补叶酸的推广提供依据。方法:按照整群抽样的方法,在甘肃省选择两个县作为研究现场,选择怀孕后3个月至产后1年的妇女2 094人进行问卷调查。结果:神经管畸形知晓率为36.39%,神经管畸形可以预防、发生原因及类型知晓率分别为30.13%、19.48%、18.77%,均为项目县高于非项目县(χ2=41.43,P0.05,χ2=44.76,P0.05,χ2=97.46,P0.05,χ2=82.69,P0.05);叶酸知晓率为62.18%,项目县低于非项目县(χ2=17.40,P0.05);叶酸为维生素类保健品的知晓率为27.32%,两县之间差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.61,P0.05);叶酸预防神经管畸形、正确服用时间的知晓率分别为26.17%、15.85%,前者为项目县高于非项目县、后者为项目县低于非项目县(χ2=45.50,P0.05,χ2=9.83,P0.05);未增补叶酸的主要原因为没听说过叶酸31.27%、不知道叶酸好处24.10%、不知道在哪领取10.16%。结论:甘肃省孕产妇叶酸增补知识认知仍处于较低水平,是未增补叶酸的主要原因。     

Women Taking a Folic Acid Supplement in Countries with Mandatory Food Fortification Programs May Be Exceeding the Upper Tolerable Limit of Folic Acid: A Systematic Review

Background: In preconception and pregnancy, women are encouraged to take folic acid-based supplements over and above food intake. The upper tolerable limit of folic acid is 1000 mcg per day; however, this level was determined to avoid masking a vitamin B12 deficiency and not based on folic acid bioavailability and metabolism. This review’s aim is to assess the total all-source intake of folate in women of childbearing age and in pregnancy in high-income countries with folate food fortification programs. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in five databases to find studies published since 1998 that reported folate and folic acid intake in countries with a mandatory fortification policy. Results: Women of childbearing age do not receive sufficient folate intake from food sources alone even when consuming fortified food products; however, almost all women taking a folic acid-based supplement exceed the upper tolerable limit of folic acid intake. Conclusions: Folic acid supplement recommendations and the upper tolerable limit of 1000 mcg set by policy makers warrant careful review in light of potential adverse effects of exceeding the upper tolerable limit on folic acid absorption and metabolism, and subsequent impacts on women’s health during their childbearing years.     

Awareness and Intake of Folic Acid for the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects Among Lebanese Women of Childbearing Age

Since the early 1990s, international recommendations have promoted folic acid supplementation during the periconception period as an effective way of preventing neural tube defects (NTDs). However, the adoption of this recommendation remains insufficient. To assess the awareness and actual intake of folic acid among married Lebanese women aged 18–45 years, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 600 women selected from all five administrative districts in Lebanon, using a multistage cluster sampling procedure. An anonymous questionnaire was completed which covered measures of knowledge and use of folate supplements, as well as demographic, socioeconomic and obstetrical factors. Sixty percent of surveyed women (60%; n = 360) had heard about folic acid. Doctors were the most frequent source of information (61.1%) but only 24.7% of women have been told of the correct period during which folic acid supplementation was useful. Overall, only 6.2% had taken folic acid tablets during the adequate period. Younger age, higher education level and stability/sufficiency of income appeared to be significant predictors of awareness among Lebanese women. Actual folic acid intake was significantly associated with younger age, higher number of pregnancies, planning the last pregnancy and having had that last one after 1990. In Lebanon, the level of folic acid awareness and adequate intake remain relatively low. Several approaches should be used to promote folic acid intake including awareness campaigns, and routine counseling by primary health care physicians on folic acid during preconception visits.