镰刀状肾实质切开术治疗复杂性鹿角状肾结石

目的：探讨镰刀状肾实质切开术治疗复杂性鹿角状肾结石的疗效。方法：采用自行设计的镰刀状肾实质切开术治疗复杂性鹿角状肾结石37例。具体方法：分离肾窦内肾盂后，用2-0肠线在肾后唇中下1/3连接处作两排扣锁式缝合肾实质全层，达肾大盏下组开口平面，继续用2-0肠线斜行向中上部作两排扣锁式缝合，斜形向上的肾实质切口经肾大盏中组开口平面达肾大上组开口平面。肾实质切口形状类似镰刀状，沿此切口切开肾实质及肾盂和各组肾，即可取净各肾盏及肾盂内结石。结果：37例均一次取净结石。术中输血21例，平均输血120ml；术后4周KUB IVU复查，手术侧肾脏显影正常，积水减少，无肾盏狭窄及结石残留。结论：镰刀状肾实质切开取石术具有术中出血少、肾功能受损轻、便于一次取净结石等优点，适用于治疗肾内型肾盂复杂性鹿角状肾结石。     

镰刀状肾实质切开取石术治疗复杂性鹿角形肾结石62例报告

目的：总结镰刀状肾实质切开取石术的临床经验。方法：回顾性分析1987～2003年采用镰刀状肾实质切开取石术治疗62例复杂性鹿角形肾结石的临床资料及治疗效果。结果：62例均一次性取净结石。术中输血43例，平均输血140ml；术后4周KUB加IVU复查．手术侧肾脏显影正常，积水减少，无肾盏狭窄及结石残留。结论：镰刀状肾实质切开取石术具有术中出血少、肾功能受损轻、便于一次取净结石等优点，值得临床推广应用。     

肾窦内肾盂及肾后唇实质弧形切开取石术治疗复杂性鹿角形肾结石

目的 探讨肾窦内肾盂及肾后唇实质弧形切开取石术治疗复杂性鹿角形肾结石的疗效。方法 采用自行设计的肾窦内肾盂及肾后唇中下1／3肾实质弧形切开取石术治疗复杂性鹿角形肾结石86例97侧；右侧42例，左侧33例，双侧11例。合并输尿管结石17例，肾上盏、中盏和（或）多发性肾结石54例。肾功能不全25例，BUN12．3～76．0mmol／L，Scr 231～1721μmol／L。术中游离肾窦内肾盂后，2-0可吸收线在肾后唇中下1／3肾实质交界处作两排链扣式缝合肾实质全层，达肾下盏大组开口平面后继续弧形向上部作两排链扣式缝合，经肾中盏大组至其开口平面。沿此切口切开肾实质和肾盂及下中肾盏，边切边缝，用肾盂拉钩拉开肾实质即可取净肾盂、肾盏内结石。结果 86例97侧均一次取净结石。手术时间105～187min、平均129min。术中出血量120～460ml，平均220ml。43例输血．输血量120～200ml，平均140ml。术后1个月复查B超和KUB加IVU未几几残留结石，肾积水减轻，肾盏颈无狭窄。结论 肾窦内肾盂及肾后唇实质弧形切开取石术具有操作简单、安全，术野清晰，出血少，对肾损伤轻，一次性取净肾结石等优点，是治疗复杂性鹿角形肾结石较为理想的方法。     

原位低温阻断肾血管肾实质切开取石术

目的探讨原位低温阻断肾血管肾实质切开取石术治疗复杂性肾结石的效果。方法2000年3月～2005年1月采用原位低温阻断肾血管肾实质切开取石术治疗肾内型肾盂复杂性肾结石患者22例,术中快速静脉滴注肌苷2.0g,静滴20%甘露醇250ml。根据术前影像检查结果及术中所见选择肾切口径路:13例充填于各盏的鹿角状结石,行肾背侧Brodt线肾实质肾盏切开取石;5例肾下盏肾盂鹿角状结石,行肾盂肾实质联合切开取石;4例结石过多者,于肾皮质最薄处另作放射状切口取石。结果肾血管阻断时间平均45(30～60)min;手术时间平均110(90～180)min;平均失血量150(80～400)ml。结石一次取净21例,1例残余结石,术后2个月带双J管行ESWL碎石排出。术后1～2月复查肾功能,术前有肾功能损害的8例,血清Cr平均110.2μmol/L,血清BUN平均8.0mmol/L,均明显改善,其余患者肾功能无损害,无严重术后并发症。18例随访6个月～3年无一例复发。结论原位低温阻断肾血管肾实质切开取石术治疗复杂性肾结石安全有效、出血少、结石残留率低。     

肾窦内肾盂加肾后唇切开术治疗鹿角状肾结石

目的探讨肾窦内肾盂加肾后唇切开术治疗鹿角状肾结石的疗效。方法鹿角状肾结石患者40例，单侧36侧，双侧4侧，肾盂均为肾内型，肾实质无明显萎缩，肾功能均正常，均施行肾窦内肾盂加肾后唇中下段无血管区切开取石术。结果本组均在常温下手术，未阻断肾蒂，结石均安全取出，无术中严重并发症发生。平均手术时间115(90～140)min，平均失血量为100(90～120)ml，术后1月拔除双J管，复查3例(7．5％)有肾盂内小结石残留。结论肾窦内肾盂加肾后唇中下段区切开取石术适合肾鹿角状结石的治疗．具有操作较简单、易掌握．取石容易且结石一次性取出率高，出血少的优点。     

肾盂切开联合钬激光碎石术治疗复杂性肾结石体会

目的比较肾盂切开联合钬激光碎石及传统肾盂肾窦肾实质切开取石治疗复杂性肾结石的疗效。方法回顾性分析65例复杂性肾结石的临床资料,其中行肾盂肾窦肾实质联合切开取石35例(A组),肾盂切开联合钬激光碎石30例(B组)。结果 A组出血量(288.5±81.3)ml,明显多于B组的(49.0±25.8)ml(P<0.05);A组血流阻断时间(30.2±22.6)min,而B组未行肾血流阻断(P<0.05)。两组手术时间、输血量、结石直径、术后并发症发生率比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。A组术后发生血尿2例,残石4例,无功能性肾萎缩2例;B组术后发生血尿3例,经对症处理均痊愈。结论肾盂切开联合钬激光碎石治疗复杂性肾结石符合微创发展趋势,术中出血少,对肾脏损伤小,是临床治疗复杂性肾结石一种可行的术式。     

肾实质切开取石与肾盂切开气压弹道碎石术治疗无萎缩肾巨大肾结石疗效比较

目的比较肾盂切开气压弹道碎石与肾实质切开取石术治疗无肾萎缩巨大肾结石的效果。方法160例无肾萎缩巨大肾结石患者,随机分为两组,采用肾盂切开气压弹道碎石术(A组,80例)与肾实质切开取石术(B组,80例)治疗。结果A组平均手术时间、平均出血量均较B组明显减少,术后肾功能恢复较好。结论肾盂切开气压弹道碎石术治疗无肾萎缩巨大肾结石,手术时间短,出血少,肾功能损害小,效果满意。     

输尿管软镜碎石术联合微创经皮肾镜取石术治疗部分鹿角状肾结的临床疗效分析

目的分析输尿管软镜碎石术联合微创经皮肾镜取石术治疗鹿角状结石的临床疗效。方法部分鹿角状肾结石患者84例,随机分为A、B两组,每组各42例。A组患者以俯卧位接受常规微创经皮肾镜取石术,B组患者以改良Valdivia体位接受输尿管软镜碎石术联合微创经皮肾镜取石术。记录两组患者术后的无石率及并发症情况。结果 B组和A组患者的手术时间分别为(106.44±18.46)分钟和(83.69±10.29)分钟,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。B组患者的首次碎石术后无石率为85.71%,出血量为(70.02±9.15)ml,A组患者分别为59.52%和(87.41±9.89)ml,两组比较,差异有统计学意义,(P0.05)。两组患者术后的常见并发症均为发热(体温38.5℃),但差异无显著统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与单纯微创经皮肾镜取石术比较,输尿管软镜碎石术联合微创经皮肾镜取石术治疗部分鹿角状肾结石手术时间更短,出血量更少,首次碎石术后无石率高,且未见明显并发症。     

低温下肾蒂阻断肾实质切开取石术治疗复杂性肾结石25例报告

目的：探讨低温下肾蒂阻断肾实质切开取石术在复杂性肾结石治疗中的应用。方法：选择复杂性肾结石患者25例,阻断前静脉注射肌苷2．0g,均采用低温下阻断肾蒂,沿Brodel线作肾实质切开取石术。结果：25例肾蒂阻断17～45min,术中出血150～450ml,手术时间100～160mln,结石残留2例。术后随访6个月～4年,术后肾功能恢复良好。结论：低温肾蒂阻断肾实质切开取石术是治疗复杂性肾结石的重要方法,结石取净率高,并发症少,对肾功能无影响。     

肾Brodel线小切口切开取石术治疗鹿角状结石疗效观察(附32例报告)

目的:探讨肾Brodel线小切口切开取石术治疗肾鹿角状结石的疗效.方法:选择肾鹿角状结石患者32例,经患侧11肋间切口分离肾动脉,在低温下阻断肾动脉,取.肾外侧缘Brodel线上切开肾实质至结石,取出结石.结果:低温下肾动脉阻断时间15～32 min,平均19 min手术时间90～180 min,平均140 min;Brodel线切口长4～5 cm;出血量平均120 ml,有6例输血200～400 ml,术后漏尿2例,结石残留3例,经相应处理治愈.术后随访3～12个月,肾功能恢复良好.结论:低温下阻断肾动脉作肾Brodel线小切口取石术是治疗肾鹿角状结石的理想术式,结石取净率高,并发症少,肾功能恢复良好.     

Influences of renal stone surgeries on renal function--evaluation of renal function with 99mTc-DMSA renal scintigraphy]

From 1984 to 1990, 99mTc-DMSA renal scintigraphy was performed before and after nephrolithotomy (15 cases), pyelolithotomy (15 cases), percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PNL: 15 cases) and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL: 16 cases, 17 kidneys) in order to evaluate of influences of renal stone surgeries on split renal function. DMSA renal uptake change ratio of treated kidneys of nephrolithotomy (-24.94 +/- 5.60%) was significantly lower than that of PNL (-0.06 +/- 3.92%), pyelolithotomy (-4.08 +/- 4.79%) (p less than 0.01) and ESWL (-7.72 +/- 3.87%) (p less than 0.05). The average change ratios of contralateral kidneys were as follows: PNL 4.80 +/- 4.21% nephrolithotomy 4.67 +/- 4.73%, pyelolithotomy -1.46 +/- 5.39% and ESWL -2.02 +/- 4.44%. One to 3 weeks after PNL, the cold area on the renal image was found in 10 (66.7%) of 15 cases. In cases of ESWL, DMSA renal uptake decreased even 4-10 weeks (mean 7 weeks) after treatment. In conclusion, possivility of deterioration of renal function after ESWL was suggested.     

Transplantation of renal primordia: renal organogenesis

Dialysis and allotransplantation of human kidneys represent effective therapies to replace kidney function, but the former replaces only a small component of renal function, and the latter is limited by lack of organ availability. Xenotransplantation of whole kidneys from nonprimate donors is complicated by humoral and severe cellular rejection. The use of individual cells or groups of cells to repair damaged tissue (cellular therapies) offers an alternative for renal tissue replacement. However, recapitulation of complex functions such glomerular filtration and reabsorption and secretion of solutes that are dependent on a three-dimensionally integrated kidney structure are beyond the scope of most cellular replacement therapies. The use of nonvascularized embryonic renal primordia for transplantation circumvents humoral rejection of xenogeneic tissue and ameliorates cellular rejection. Renal primordia are preprogrammed to attract a vasculature and differentiate into a kidney and in this manner undergo organogenesis after transplantation into the mesentery of hosts. Here we review a decade’s progress in renal organogenesis.     

AusDiab renal study: indicators of renal disease

SUMMARY: The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab) was designed to determine the prevalence of diabetes and abnormal glucose metabolism, lifestyle and health behaviours and early indicators of renal disease in Australian adults. the study screened 11247 adults aged ≥ 25 years residing in randomly selected districts in all States and Territories of Australia between April 1999 and December 2000. Diabetes and hypertension were detected in 7.5% and 28.8%, respectively. Proteinuria was detected in 2.5% of subjects tested and serum creatinine was elevated in 1.06%. Dipstick screening followed by analysis of a mid-stream urine sample revealed haematuria in 6.8% of subjects tested. Body mass index scores indicated that 48.2% of all men screened were overweight, and a further 19.1% were obese. of the women, 30.2% were overweight and 21.8% obese. the results of the AusDiab study suggests one-third of the Australian adult population have at least one indicator of renal disease.