急性心肌梗死患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后行早期心脏康复的安全性研究

目的 探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后行早期心脏康复的安全性。方法 在首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院心血管中心CBD-Bank数据库选取2017年5月至2019年12月住院的AMI患者1 364例,根据纳入与排除标准最终纳入379例行急诊PCI的AMI患者。根据患者是否接受早期心脏康复将其分为心脏康复组(接受早期心脏康复患者,n=79)和对照组(未接受早期心脏康复患者,n=300)。对两组患者基线资料进行1∶1倾向性评分匹配。比较两组患者住院期间主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生率及随访1年全因死亡率、心源性死亡率、因急性冠脉综合征(ACS)再住院率。结果 匹配后,两组心源性死亡率及靶血管重建、恶性心律失常发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。匹配后,两组随访1年全因死亡率、心源性死亡率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);心脏康复组随访1年因ACS再住院率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 AMI患者急诊PCI后开展早期心脏康复相对安全,且早期心脏康复可有效降低AMI患者因ACS再住院率。     

抗焦虑治疗对急性心肌梗死患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后QT离散度和心肌室壁运动变化的影响

目的探讨抗焦虑治疗对急性心肌梗死(AMI)合并焦虑情绪患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)后QT离散度(QTd)和心肌室壁运动变化(RWMA)的影响。方法将2005年1月至2007年5月在我科住院AMI合并焦虑情绪并行急诊PCI术的患者59例[约占同期AMI患者PCI术总量24.5%(59/240)],随机分为对照组(28例)和焦虑治疗组(31例)。对照组遵循PCI指南对患者进行常规治疗。焦虑治疗组在常规疗法的基础上,采用咪达唑仑联合焦虑系统脱敏的方法抗焦虑治疗。对比两组急诊PCI术后12～16h、72～78h、7d的QTd,以及治疗后7～10d的RWMA的差异。结果PCI术后对比焦虑治疗组与对照组QTd:12～16h(66±11ms比70±10ms,P0.05)、72～78h(37±4ms比42±5ms,P0.01)和7d时(31±4ms比36±3ms,P0.05)治疗组均低于对照组;治疗后7～10d的RWMA对比:焦虑治疗组心肌室壁运动积分指数明显低于对照组(1.5±1.1比1.8±1.0,P0.05),焦虑治疗组收缩期增厚率、室壁运动幅度明显高于对照组(30.1%±15.2%比25.1%±11.8%,5.0±2.3mm比4.8±2.1mm,P均0.05)。结论对AMI合并焦虑情绪的急诊PCI术患者抗焦虑治疗更能缩短术后QTd,更显著改善RWMA。     

心脏康复模式对急性心肌梗死冠状动脉介入术后患者心肺储备功能及生命质量的影响

目的:观察急性心肌梗死(AMI)经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后患者经心脏康复模式干预效果,指导未来AMI PCI术后合理心脏康复干预的实施.方法:前瞻选取2019年7月至2020年12月,中山医院青浦分院心内科60例接受PCI治疗的AMI患者,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和心脏康复组,各30例.对照组接受常规干预,心...     

视频密度阶差评价急性心肌梗死者急诊冠状动脉介入治疗前后心肌微灌注的临床研究

目的:结合校正的TIMI记帧计数(CTFC),探讨视频密度阶差(VDS)在评价急性心肌梗死者急诊冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)前后心肌微灌注中的应用价值。方法:计算120例急性心肌梗死行急诊PCI患者PCI术前后的CTFC和VDS,并统计患者急诊PCI前后的TIMI分级、左室射血分数、住院期间的心脏不良事件。结果:急诊PCI术前后VDS为10.2±3.8、20.8±7.6,术后显著高于术前(P<0.05);PCI后CTFC显著低于术前[(30.3±8.6)∶(22.4±5.6),P<0.05]。急诊PCI后:VDS明显低于冠状动脉造影正常者(P<0.05),CTFC与冠状动脉造影正常者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。VDS是住院期间心脏不良事件发生的独立相关因素。VDS≤20者的住院期间心脏不良事件发生显著高于VDS>20者和CTFC≤30者(P<0.05)。结论:VDS评价急性心肌梗死行急诊PCI者的心肌微灌注时较CTFC敏感性更高,可作为急性心肌梗死患者住院期间心脏不良事件发生的一个独立的预测指标。     

早期心脏康复在急性心肌梗死患者PCI术后护理的应用分析

目的探讨早期心脏康复在急性心肌梗死患者PCI术后护理的应用效果。方法选取我院收治的80例成功实施PCI治疗的急性心肌梗死患者为研究对象,随机将其分为心脏康复组和对照组,各40例。对照组术后实施常规健康教育及卧床休息减少运动1周,心脏康复组在此基础上实施早期心脏康复干预措施,对比两组患者的干预效果。结果心脏康复组的心脏功能各指标明显优于对照组(P0.05);心脏康复组的并发症发生率、焦虑率明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论早期心脏康复在急性心肌梗死患者PCI术后护理的应用具有显著的效果,值得推广。     

急性心肌梗死后延迟冠状动脉介入治疗对左室重构和远期预后的影响

目的探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)后延迟经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)对左室重构(LVRM)和远期预后的影响。方法93例初次AMI患者分为PCI组(47例)和非PCI组(46例)。分别在心肌梗死后(23±10)d(术前)和术后6个月测量左心室容量指数、射血分数(LVEF)和异常室壁运动积分指数,并观察6个月期间主要不良心脏事件的发生情况。结果6个月时两组左室射血分数和室壁活动异常积分与术前相比差异无统计学意义,但对照组左室舒张末期容积指数(LVEDVI)和左室收缩末期容积指数(LVESVI)较术前明显增大(P<0.01,P<0.05),且与PCI组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05)。6个月随访期间主要不良心脏事件发生率对照组为11%,成功PCI组为4%,但差异无统计学意义。结论AMI后延迟PCI可抑制左室扩大,延缓慢性期左室重构,并显著减少心脏事件的发生。     

缺血后适应对急性心肌梗死患者临床及预后的影响

目的探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者施行缺血后适应能否有效地降低缺血再灌注损伤,从而对心脏产生保护作用。方法选取AMI患者42例,随机分为对照组22例和缺血后适应组20例。监测2组患者PCI术前、术后2h、1、2、3d内肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)值,并测定CK-MB峰值及各时间点下CK-MB平均值曲线下面积;监测PCI术前及术后2h血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、丙二醛和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平;比较2组患者PCI术前及术后24h内心电图ST段回落情况。结果缺血后适应组CK-MB峰值明显低于对照组[(570.61±41.27)U/L vs(661.80±58.55)U/L,P<0.01];CK-MB平均值曲线下面积明显低于对照组[(5821.19±2912.07)%vs(9843.12±3578.02)%,P<0.01];缺血后适应组术后2hCRP下降幅度明显低于对照组(P<0.05);缺血后适应组术后丙二醛下降较对照组明显(P<0.05);缺血后适应组术后SOD升高较对照组明显(P<0.01);缺血后适应组ST段回落情况较对照组高(60.0%vs 45.5%,P<0.05),对照组中有2例患者因发生恶性心律失常死亡。结论AMI患者施行缺血后适应处理能够降低CK-MB的释放,降低氧自由基含量,减轻炎性反应,使冠状动脉恢复血流情况占有明显优势,能够明显降低再灌注损伤,发挥心脏保护作用。     

早期康复对急性心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗患者的影响

目的探讨早期康复对急性心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗患者的影响。方法 50例急性心肌梗死行急诊PCI治疗的患者随机分为对照组和实验组,实验组进行系统的早期康复指导,对照组按常规进行健康教育。结果实验组的术后活动状态显著高于对照组(P<0.05),住院天数明显少于对照组(P<0.05),两组患者出院时的主观感受、心功能和生活自理能力无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论早期康复干预不会对患者心绞痛发作及心脏功能的恢复造成影响,能够提高患者的生活状态,促进患者早日康复,缩短住院时间。     

急性心肌梗死患者PCI后BNP、hsCRP、cTnI的预后意义

目的:观察急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者经皮冠状动脉成形术(PCI)后脑钠肽(BNP)、高敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)水平的预后意义。方法:入选90例行PCI的AMI患者,于PCI后1d、7d测定血浆中BNP、hsCRP、cTnI水平,随访6个月内的主要心脏不良事件(MACE),并与AMI药物治疗患者(45例,药物治疗组),健康体检者(30例,健康对照组)进行对比分析。结果:术后1d,与健康对照组比较,AMI两组患者hsCRP、BNP、cTnI水平均明显升高(P均<0.01),但PCI组和药物治疗组比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。术后7d,与药物治疗组比较,PCI组hsCRP[(13.5±3.3)mg/L比(7.5±0.3)mg/L]、BNP[(2036±135)ng/L比(336±27)ng/L]、cTnI[(7.3±0.3)ng/L比(2.3±0.3)ng/L]水平明显降低(P<0.01),PCI组MACE发生率明显低于药物治疗组(27.8%比46.7%),P<0.01。结论:急诊PCI治疗优于药物治疗,联合检测脑钠肽、高敏C反应蛋白和心肌肌钙蛋白I水平有助于判断急性心肌梗死行PCI患者的预后。     

急性心肌梗塞早期康复运动耐量与心率变异性分析

目的 :探讨急性心肌梗塞 (AMI)患者早期运动康复对运动耐量的影响以及心率变异性的变化。方法 :对 35例 AMI患者出院前行活动平板运动试验和心率变异性测定 ,其中 2 0例 AMI患者进行了两周运动康复程序治疗。结果 :康复组平均运动耐量为 5.3± 2 .5METs,未康复组为 2 .87± 0 .83METs,两组间有显著差异 (P<0 .0 1)。 35例 AMI患者心率变异性较正常对照组明显降低 ,AMI康复组的心率变异较非康复组有明显的改善。结论 :早期运动康复治疗可增加 AMI患者运动耐量 ,明显改善其心率变异性 ,并可能降低 AMI死亡率 ,改善其预后     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.