Spleen-preserving laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy after division of the splenic vessels

A 37-year-old woman with a history of syncope was hospitalized with a diagnosis of hypoglycemia due to insulinoma. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging revealed an enhanced solid mass, 1.5 cm in diameter, at the tail of the pancreas. Angiography via the splenic artery revealed a hypervascular mass. Because the tumor was located deep in the pancreatic parenchyma, laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy was performed. The pancreas was exposed by dissecting the greater omentum, and the tumor was located by intraoperative ultrasonography. After division of the splenic artery, the pancreas, main pancreatic duct, and splenic vein were transected with an endoscopic linear stapler. The pancreatic pedicle was divided at the splenic hilum to preserve the spleen. The postoperative course was uneventful except for the appearance of splenic infarction on a CT scan 2 weeks after surgery but without any overt symptoms. Spleen-preserving laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy by division of splenic vessels is a feasible treatment option for benign pancreatic disease.     

Left-sided portal hypertension caused by serous cystadenoma of the pancreas: Report of a case

We report a case of serous cystadenoma of pancreas causing left-sided portal hypertension and gastric varices. A 68-year-old man was admitted for treatment of a pancreatic body tumor. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed a honeycombed cystic mass. A celiac angiogram showed a hypervascular tumor supplied mainly by a dilated splenic artery and dorsal pancreatic artery. In the venous phase, the patent splenic vein had a large hepatopetal collateral vein via the coronary gastric vein. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed isolated varices of the gastric fundus. We made a preoperative diagnosis of a serous cystic tumor of the pancreas with left-sided portal hypertension and performed distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy. The resected tumor was 8 cm in diameter and had a typical honeycombed microcystic pattern with central stellate scarring. The spleen was not enlarged. Histopathological examination confirmed a diagnosis of serous cystadenoma without any sign of malignancy. Postoperative endoscopy showed disappearance of the gastric varices.     

Solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas: two cases in male patients

Solid-pseudopapillary tumor (SPT) of the pancreas is a rare lesion with low malignant potential occurring predominantly in young women. This is a report of two cases in young male patients. Clinical data were retrieved retrospectively from a prospective database of patients with pancreatic tumors. The two patients were caucasian males, ages 34 years (Pt1) and 41 years (Pt2) at the time of diagnosis. Pt1 presented with intermittent epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed a 9-cm mass involving the pancreatic head. He underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy, with en bloc segmental colectomy due to mesocolon involvement. Pt2 was asymptomatic, diagnosed with abdominal mass by screening ultrasound. He had an 11-cm tumor involving the pancreatic tail encasing the splenic vessels on CT. He underwent distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy en bloc. Pathology in both cases was reviewed by staff pathologists as well as outside consultants. SPT is a rare tumor of the pancreas that is diagnosed primarily in young women. The cases presented here demonstrate SPT of the pancreas in two men. In both cases, the clinical presentation was relatively unremarkable. Both have had benign late postoperative courses, consistent with the low malignant potential of this lesion.     

Lymphoepithelial cysts of the pancreas: Case report and review of the literature

The aim of this report was to describe the clinical and pathologic features of lymphoepithelial cysts of the pancreas, establish the differential diagnosis of other pancreatic cysts, and review the literature.A 53-year-old man was incidentally diagnosed with a pancreatic lesion after an abdominal CT scan. This study showed a solid mass in the tail of the pancreas not enhanced by helical CT. Endoscopic ultrasound examination revealed a low-density tissue mass on the surface of the pancreas, less echogenic than the surrounding parenchyma. Distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy were performed with a suspected diagnosis of mucinous cystic tumor. The patient has had an uneventful postoperative period, and the pathologic finding was a lymphoepithelial cyst of the pancreas. Lymphoepithelial cyst of the pancreas is an unusual and benign entity that must be taken into consideration when evaluating a cystic lesion of the pancreas because a different therapeutic approach may be required.     

Identification of Accessory Spleens During Laparoscopic Splenectomy Is Superior to Preoperative Computed Tomography for Detection of Accessory Spleens

Background:

Missed accessory spleen (AcS) can cause recurrence of hematologic disease after splenectomy. The objective of the study was to determine whether detection of AcS is more accurate with preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan or with exploration during laparoscopic splenectomy.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review was performed for 75 adult patients who underwent laparoscopic splenectomy for various hematologic disorders from 1999 to 2009. Preoperative CT scans were performed in all patients. Patients were followed for recurrence of disease, and a scintigraphy scan was performed in those with suspected missed AcS.

Results:

The most common diagnosis was idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in 29 patients (39%), followed by non-Hodgkin''s lymphoma in 22 patients (29%). Sixteen AcSs were found during surgery in 15 patients (20%), and preoperative CT scan identified 2 of these. Twelve AcSs were located at the splenic hilum (75%). Nine patients experienced recurrence of their disease, and none had a missed AcS on subsequent scintigraphy. Sensitivity of exploratory laparoscopy for detection of AcS was 100%, and for preoperative CT scan was 12.5% (P = .005).

Conclusion:

Exploratory laparoscopy during splenectomy is more accurate than preoperative imaging with CT scan for detection of AcS. Preoperative CT scan misses AcS frequently and should not be obtained for the purpose of its identification.     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤六例报告

目的 探讨胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的诊治方法.方法 回顾性分析2008年8月至2010年4月间手术治疗6例的临床资料.结果 本组6例均获完整切除和病理诊断.其中,行胰十二指肠切除术2例,胰体尾切除术2例,胰体尾切除术加脾切除术1例,腹腔镜胰体尾切除术加脾切除术1例.术后发生胰漏1例,继发Ⅰ型糖尿病1例.术后随访1～16个月,...     

Solid cystic pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas with splenic metastasis: Case report and review of literature

IntroductionSolid-cystic pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas is rare and most commonly seen in young women. We present a young women with solid-cystic pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas and discuss the literature.Presentation of caseThirty nine years old female patient with a mass about 12 cm in the pancreas with splenic invasion seen in our clinic. After having CT and PET-CT view, patient underwent surgery. Distal pancreatectomy with mass excision and splenectomy was performed. Microscopic examination result was solid cystic pseudopapillary tumor with spleen invasion.DiscussionSolid-cystic pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas has cystic solid pseudopapillary structures. Prognosis of tumor is better than other pancreatic tumor. Complete resection of tumor with splenic inclusion is surgical treatment.ConclusionIn case of large slow growing pancreatic tumor with splenic metastasis, solid-cystic pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas should be considered in the diagnosis. Complete surgical resection is associated with long-term survival even in the presence of metastatic disease. Close follow-up is necessary after surgery.     

Enlarged accessory spleen after splenectomy mimicking a pancreas tumor

IntroductionAn accessory spleen (AS), a common condition, is usually located in the hilar region of the spleen. ASs are not often large; however, after splenectomy, the initially inactive AS may become reactive and hypertrophic. Therefore, an AS can be misdiagnosed as a neoplastic tumor and removed unnecessarily. An undiagnosed abdominal mass located in the spleen site in a patient who has had a splenectomy must be managed carefully. Computed tomography (CT) scanning and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may provide useful information for the diagnosis, preventing unnecessary surgery.Case presentationHerein, we report the case of a 38-year-old female with an enlargement of AS after splenectomy that was misdiagnosed as a primary tumor of the pancreas and managed by a nonessential surgery.ConclusionAn AS should be added to the differential diagnosis of a pancreatic tail tumor for patients with prior splenectomy in order to avoid nonessential surgery to ensure the patient’s safety.     

Resected xanthogranulomatous pancreatitis

Xanthogranulomatous changes in the pancreas are extremely rare. A 66-year-old man presented with a 2-year history of epigastralgia. Computed tomography scan revealed a 4-cm low-density area around the body of the pancreas. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated that the mass appeared hyperintense on a T2-weighted image and isointense on a T1-weighted image. Based on a diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreas, distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy were performed. Sections examined from the mass showed an aggregation of many foamy histiocytes, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. The surrounding pancreatic tissue showed fibrosis and chronic inflammation. These findings suggested a xanthogranulomatous inflammation, and resulted in a diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous pancreatitis.     

Inflammatory pseudotumor of the spleen managed laparoscopically. Can preoperative imaging establish the diagnosis? Case report and literature review

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory pseudotumor of the spleen, or inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, is an uncommon condition easily mistaken for a malignant process. Patients may be asymptomatic or may present with nonspecific abdominal complaints. Mild constitutional symptoms have also been reported. The ability to diagnose this entity radiographically preoperatively may allow the uniform application of laparoscopy to manage this condition and spare patients open splenectomy. METHODS: Chart review and literature review. RESULTS: Inflammatory pseudotumor of the spleen was successfully managed laparoscopically. Preoperative evaluation suggested but could not confirm the diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: A hypovascular solid splenic mass by Doppler ultrasound or CT scan suggests the diagnosis of inflammatory pseudotumor. Stellate central calcifications seen on CT scan make the diagnosis very likely. Laparoscopic splenectomy can be used for definitive diagnosis and symptomatic relief with minimal morbidity and mortality.     

胰腺素腺瘤和囊腺癌的诊治

目的 探讨胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊断和治疗。方法 对1978-1998年收治的均经手术和病理检查证实为胰腺囊性肿瘤的11例临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 胰腺囊性肿瘤好发于中青年女性,临床表现为病程较长的上腹部肿物和胀痛。钡餐、B超、CT及ER-CP能协助诊断,本组11例中行胰十二指肠切除2例,胰体尾加脾切除6例,肿瘤单纯切除2例,囊肿-空肠袢式吻合1例,手术切除率为90.9%,术后1例死于腹内感染并峰主血症术后存活的10例均获随访（100%）。1例胰腺囊腺瘤手术后3个月死于心肌梗死,1例胰腺囊腺癌术后4年3个月死于癌转移,其余均健在,结论 凡中青年女性,上腹或左上腹出现较大肿块,且病程较长。结合B超和CT检查可对本病的诊断,胰腺囊腺瘤或囊腺癌,癌体虽较大,均有完整的包膜,而易于分离切除,首选手术方式为包括部分胰腺组织的全肿瘤切除术,疗效满意。     

A rare case of serous cystadenoma of the pancreas presenting with left-sided portal hypertension

We herein report the case of a 63-year-old woman with a serous cystadenoma of the pancreas presenting with left-sided portal hypertension secondary to isolated splenic vein occlusion. She was admitted to our hospital for sudden hematemesis. Emergency upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed hemorrhagic erosive gastritis and isolated varices in the gastric fundus. An abdominal angiographic study disclosed a large hypervascular tumor of the pancreatic tail which caused isolated splenic vein occlusion by tumor compression and formed large hepatopetal collaterals via the gastric varices. The patient underwent tumor resection with splenectomy and, as a result, the gastric varices disappeared and the postoperative course was uneventful. Left-sided portal hypertension secondary to splenic vein occlusion is an uncommon complication mostly associated with pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinoma. Although benign pancreatic neoplasms only rarely cause such a condition, the possibility of gastrointestinal bleeding due to this condition should be carefully taken into consideration when treating pancreatic disease.     

Laparoscopic Spleen-Preserving Pancreatic Tail Resection for an Intrapancreatic Accessory Spleen Mimicking a Nonfunctioning Endocrine Tumor: Report of a Case

Laparoscopic surgery is now performed for several pancreatic disorders, such as benign tumors of the pancreatic body or tail, which are a good indication for laparoscopic resection. However, the risk of pancreatic fistula after distal pancreatectomy, performed laparoscopically or by open surgery, is a topic of debate. We report the case of a 61-year-old man in whom a routine follow-up computed tomography (CT) scan showed a solid, well-defined mass, 1.5cm in diameter, in the pancreatic tail. The mass was homogeneously enhanced from the early phase to the super-delayed phase on enhanced CT. We suspected a nonfunctioning endocrine tumor of the pancreas, and surgery was performed laparoscopically. After dissecting the pancreatic tail away from the splenic hilum and the splenic vessels, it was resected using only a linear stapler. The histological diagnosis was an intrapancreatic accessory spleen. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 14, but was readmitted 6 days later because of a pancreatic fistula, which was treated by CT-guided percutaneous drainage.     

脾脏占位性病变的诊断和治疗

目的 提高脾脏占位性病变的诊疗水平。方法 回顾性分析36例脾脏占位性病变的临床资料。28例行脾切除术，4例行脾切除 原发病灶切除，4例未手术治疗。结果 32例经手术及病理确诊。良性病变24例。均痊愈。脾脏恶性肿瘤12例，预后差。结论 影像学检查是脾占位性病变的主要诊断手段。脾切除是主要的治疗方法。     

胰腺实质性假乳头状瘤的诊治分析(附6例报告)

目的探讨胰腺实质性假乳头状瘤的诊治方法.方法回顾性分析2008年8月-2010年4月期间经广西医科大学第一附属医院手术治疗的6例患者的临床资料.结果患者6例,其中女5例,男1例,年龄17～31岁(平均21.8岁).肿瘤最大径6.6～13.0 cm(平均8.2 cm),胰头部2例,体尾部4例;腹部B超、CT诊断胰腺囊实性...     

Laparoscopic enucleation of a nonfunctioning neuroendocrine tumor at the head of the pancreas.

OBJECTIVE: Laparoscopy is a safe, feasible technique for benign pancreatic pathologies and has been increasingly reported for neuroendocrine tumors located at the body and tail of the pancreas. We report a case of successful enucleation of a nonfunctioning neuroendocrine tumor located at the head of the pancreas, in a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia type I. METHODS: A 5-cm nonfunctioning neuroendocrine tumor at the pancreatic head was identified by computerized tomography scan. Laparoscopic ultrasound did not reveal additional tumors on any other part of the pancreas. RESULTS: Enucleation was successfully performed for this solitary tumor because of its favorable position. Histology revealed an islet cell tumor. No postoperative complications occurred and recovery was rapid. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic enucleation of neuroendocrine tumor at the pancreatic head is safe and feasible for select patients.     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的CT表现及鉴别诊断

目的 探讨胰腺实性假乳头状瘤（SPTP）的CT表现,提高对该病的诊断水平.方法 回顾性分析11例经手术和病理证实SPTP患者的临床资料及CT表现.结果 11例患者中,9例CT诊断结果与术后病理结果相符,术前诊断准确率82％;肿瘤均为单发灶,胰头5例、胰腺体尾部5例,胰颈部1例;平扫呈囊实性肿块,伴多发钙化灶4例;增强扫描动脉期肿块实性部分轻度强化,门静脉期、平衡期强化程度逐渐明显,但其强化程度均低于正常胰腺组织,肿块囊实性交界部分呈片状相间分布,呈“浮云”征.11例边界清晰,5例可见包膜.瘤体相邻的正常胰腺组织增大伴“杯口征”改变10例,胆总管轻度扩张2例,胰管轻度扩张1例.结论胰腺实性假乳头状瘤相邻的正常胰腺组织增大伴“杯口征”,出现此征象可准确判断肿瘤组织起源于胰腺,结合 SPTP好发于年轻女性及其影像学特征,术前CT检查可做出正确定性诊断与术前准确评估,为临床治疗方案提供重要资料依据.     

A case of nonfunctioning islet cell tumor with hyperammonemia and hyperamylasemia

A case of nonfunctioning islet cell tumor with hyperammonemia and hyperamylasemia is reported. A 67-year-old female was admitted in an unconsciousness state, with a large abdominal mass about 10×10 cm in size. Hyperammonemia and hyperamylasemia were evident. Blood sugar levels, electroencephalogram (EEG), and brain scan were normal. After admission, lactulose and gabexate mesilate were administered for the hyperammonemia and hyperamylasemia. Serum ammonia levels returned to the normal range within 2 weeks, but serum amylase levels failed to decrease. Results of the oral glucose tolerance test were normal. A contrast computed tomographic (CT) scan revealed a tumor with a homogeneous enhancement pattern. Angiography demonstrated a hypervascular pancreatic tumor. Distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy was performed on the basis of a preoperative diagnosis of pancreatic tumor with extrapancreatic growth. Histological examination showed nonfunctioning islet cell tumor, with evidence of vascular invasion of tumor cells. Production of pancreatic hormones was not noted. The patient promptly returned to normal consciousness, and no elevation of ammonia or amylase was observed other than an incidental elevation of the latter due to pseudocyst formation. The hyperamylasemia was obviously related to tumor growth, and the pancreatic tumor itself may have contributed to the hyperammonemia.     

Asymptomatic somatostatinoma of the pancreatic head: Report of a case

A 44-year-old man was attending routine follow-up 5 years after colon cancer resection, when ultrasonography detected a pancreatic tumor with a low echoic area. He had no symptoms. Computed tomography (CT) showed a protruding-type tumor, 4 cm in diameter, in the pancreatic head with central necrosis. Angiography revealed that the tumor was hypervascular. The serum somatostatin level was elevated, at 27 pg/ml (normal range, 1.0–12 pg/ml). As somatostatinoma of the pancreas was suspected, we performed pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy. Histological and immunohistochemical staining confirmed somatostatinoma of the pancreas without nodal metastasis. Thus, if an endocrine tumor of the pancreas is suspected in a patient with a hypervascular tumor, the possibility of somatostatinoma should be included in the differential diagnosis.