腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆道损伤的预防和处理

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)致胆道损伤的原因、预防措施和处理方法。方法对7例LC引起的胆道损伤病例进行回顾性分析。结果7例胆道损伤病例中,术中钛夹误夹闭胆总管1例;3例Mirizzi综合征致胆总管损伤;右肝管损伤2例,其中1例是由于胆囊管变异所致;1例因胆囊颈部粘连严重,分离中在肝门处断离左肝管,并损伤右肝管。所有病例均行胆总管修补或端端吻合术,T管引流获得成功。结论LC引发的胆道损伤应引起足够的重视。发现不及时或处理不当都可能引起严重并发症。术者经验、局部粘连严重和胆道变异是胆道损伤的主要原因。可采用胆总管修补成形、端端吻合术或胆总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗胆道损伤。     

中小医院腹腔镜胆囊切除术胆道损伤原因及防治措施探讨

目的 分析腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)胆损伤的原因及探讨预防措施.方法 分析发生胆道损伤8例患者的临床资料,其中7例胆漏,1例胆道梗阻;7例开腹行胆管修补,1例行钛夹松解治疗.结果 均痊愈出院.随访6月～2年,无胆道梗阻及胆道感染症状.结论 LC操作者应加强基础训练,合理选择手术适应证,一旦发生胆道损伤应果断中转开腹手术,以避免胆道损伤.     

胆囊切除术中胆道损伤

胆囊切除术中胆道损伤屡有发生,我院自1988年收治6例,其中外院手术3例,现对损伤原因及处理方法讨论如下.临床资料     

胆囊切除术中胆道损伤

胆囊切除术中胆道损伤屡有发生,我院自1988年收治6例,其中外院手术3例,现对损伤原因及处理方法讨论如下.临床资料     

壶腹部定位、后三角入路行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的体会

目的:总结腹腔镜胆囊切除术中采用定位并首先解剖胆囊壶腹部,从后三角入路处理胆囊三角预防胆管损伤的临床经验。方法:应用壶腹部定位、后三角入路法为268例患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术,总结临床资料、手术技巧并进行分析。结果本组成功完成261例LC手术,7例患者中转开腹手术,中转开腹率2.6%,2例因术中发现合并有Mirrizi综合征,其中1例合并胆囊胆管瘘,1例因术中胆囊管短合并Mirrizi综合征导致胆总管横断,3例胆囊三角冰冻样粘连无法分离,1例术中发现双胆囊管畸形,1例因胆囊床肝中静脉损伤出血。胆管损伤率0.37%。结论:采用壶腹部定位、后三角入路行LC有利于准确解剖胆囊三角,可减少术中胆道损伤,提高手术的安全性,值得进一步研究和推广。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术胆道损伤的预防与处理

目的总结腹腔镜胆囊切除术胆道损伤发生的原因、处理方法及预防措施。方法回顾近7年来收治的18例腹腔镜胆道损伤病人的临床资料,分析其发生的原因、部位、处理方法和治疗效果。结果经胆管壁修补、胆管对端吻合或胆肠吻合术后17例痊愈,占94.4%。1例术后出现吻合口漏,占5.56%。结论腹腔镜胆囊切除术术前正确选择病例,术中规范操作,是防止胆道损伤的有效措施;胆道损伤早期发现和正确处理对预后十分重要。     

基层医院腹腔镜胆囊切除术中预防胆管损伤的体会

我院自１９９６年９月开展腹腔镜胆囊切除术以来,已完成３００例,无一例胆管损伤,现就其体会报告如下。１　腹腔镜胆囊切除术胆管损伤最常见的原因［１］１．１　Ｃａｌｏｔ三角区粘连严重,解剖不清,胆囊周围结缔组织增生或组织水肿及粘连,导致分离三角区困难,误将肝外胆管当成胆囊管而损伤。１．２　术中因用电凝分离切割钩误伤胆总管或肝总管。１．３　因与肝管粘连,强行分离损伤肝总管。１．４　因切割胆囊或切断胆囊管时钛夹导电致胆囊管及肝总管坏死,或钛夹接触到肝管而因导电灼伤,术后渐坏死穿孔。１．５　胆管解剖变异,误…     

10000例腹腔镜胆囊切除术无胆道损伤经验分析

近年来,随着腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）的普遍开展,与LC有关的胆道损伤亦成为引起广泛关注的重要临床问题。本研究总结我院1998—11～2007—11 LC 10000例,探讨LC胆管损伤的防治。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中经胆囊管入路胆道造影57例

2006年6月-2008年4月，我们在行腹腔镜胆囊切除（LC）术中，采用胆囊管入路胆道造影（IOC）57例，效果满意。现分析报告如下。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术壶腹及后三角解剖法800例临床分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术胆囊壶腹及胆囊后三角解剖法的应用价值.方法:回顾分析2005-05～2009-02使用胆囊壶腹及胆囊后三角解剖法施行腹腔镜胆囊切除术800例患者的临床资料.结果:10例为胆囊周围严重粘连,近期急性发作,Calot三角严重充血水肿,解剖不清,中转开腹.1例有上腹部手术史,气体膨胀困难,遂中转开腹.800例中1例胆道损伤及其他并发症发生.术后平均住院3.6d.结论:胆囊壶腹及胆囊后三角解剖法有助于术中容易辨清"三管一壶腹部"的解剖关系、辨认肝外胆管的解剖结构及变异,能有效减少胆道损伤.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆管损伤预防和处理的经验与教训

目的总结腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆管损伤的预防和处理的经验与教训。方法分析腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆管损伤常见原因、预防措施及处理方式。结果胆总管损伤3例行修补术加胆总管T管引流,肝总管损伤1例,外院腹腔镜胆囊切除术胆总管横断损伤转入1例及1例右侧副肝管行胆肠吻合术,l例为外院胆总管损伤初次修复术后出现胆总管梗阻再次行胆肠RouxY吻合术。结论术中辨认清楚胆囊三角和胆囊管、胆总管、肝总管、胆囊壶腹结构及“三管、一壶”关系极重要,手术时如解剖不清严重粘连应及时中转开腹手术。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术严重并发症的预防与处理

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术的严重并发症的处理方法和效果.方法:回顾性分析1999年～2011年我院所收治的3 687例胆结石病例的临床资料.结果:3 687例病例中,3 515例(95.33%)患者实施腹腔镜胆囊切除手术治疗,其中3 492例(99.34%)顺利完成手术,23例(0.65%)中转开腹;17例(0.48%)出现严重并发症,主要表现为胆道、胃肠道损伤及术后出血.17例患者术中或术后经积极处置均治愈出院.结论:规范的岗前培训、熟练的传统开腹经历是开展腹腔镜胆囊切除术的前提,术前的评估、术中的规范操作以及对中转开腹时机的把握是有效避免或者减少并发症发生的关键.     

Isolated Right Segmental Hepatic Duct Injury Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Purpose Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the treatment of choice for gallstones. There is an increased incidence of bile duct injuries in LC compared with the open technique. Isolated right segmental hepatic duct injury (IRSHDI) represents a challenge not only for management but also for diagnosis. We present our experience in the management of IRSHDI, with long-term follow-up after treatment by a multidisciplinary approach.Methods Twelve consecutive patients (9 women, mean age 48 years) were identified as having IRSHDI. Patients demographics, clinical presentation, management and outcome were collected for analysis. The mean follow-up was 44 months (range 2–90 months).Results Three patients had the LC immediately converted to open surgery without repair of the biliary injury before referral. Treatments before referral included endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), percutaneous drainage and surgery, isolated or in combination. The median interval from LC to referral was 32 days. Eleven patients presented with biliary leak and biloma, one with obstruction of an isolated right hepatic segment. Post-referral management of the biliary lesion used a combination of ERCP stenting, percutaneous drainage and stent placement and surgery. In 6 of 12 patients ERCP was the first procedure, and in only one case was IRSHDI identified. In 6 patients, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) was performed first and an isolated right hepatic segment was demonstrated in all. The final treatment modality was endoscopic management and/or percutaneous drainage and stenting in 6 patients, and surgery in 6. The mean follow-up was 44 months. No mortality or significant morbidity was observed.Conclusion Successful management of IRSHDI after LC requires adequate identification of the lesion, and multidisciplinary treatment is necessary. Half of the patients can be treated successfully by nonsurgical procedures.     

医源性胆管狭窄X线表现

本文报道了１３例医源性胆管狭窄，分析其影像表现。特点为：环形狭窄；线样狭窄，包括规则的和不规则的线样狭窄；闭塞性狭窄；胆管闭塞和胆管中断分离。ＥＲＣＴ和ＰＣＴ对狭窄的形态，位置及长度显示优于ＣＴ和ＵＳ。     

腹腔镜下行急性胆囊炎切除56例临床分析

目的总结腹腔镜下行急性胆囊炎切除术的临床经验。方法对本院2003年7月—2005年6月的56例急性胆囊炎病人施行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)的临床资料进行回顾分析。结果51例成功完成LC,中转开腹手术5例,其中因Calot三角解剖不清,周围致密粘连2例,结石嵌顿于胆囊管1例,胆囊动脉出血2例。术后无严重并发症发生。结论只要能把握住手术时机并注重手术技巧,急性胆囊炎患者行腹腔镜下胆囊切除术是安全可行的。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术前MRCP诊断胆总管结石的检查方案优化研究

目的通过比较7个磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)序列在不同配合度情况下图像质量及对胆总管结石的诊断性能,优化腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)术前MRCP检查方案。资料与方法 125例行7个序列的MRCP检查,根据患者不同的屏气与呼吸触发配合度分成9组。两名放射科医师使用双盲法对二维图像质量进行评价,使用单因素方差分析。同时计算7个序列诊断胆总管结石的敏感性、特异性、假阳性率、假阴性率、总的诊断正确率。结果9组7个MRCP序列二维图像质量评分差别有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。B1R1组FIESTA 2D B、FIESTA 3DB、FRFSE 2D R、SSFSE 2D B Thk图像质量好;B1R2组与B1R3组FIESTA 2D B、FIESTA 3D B、SSFSE 2D B Thk图像质量好;B2R1组FRFSE 2D R、SSFSE 2D B Thk图像质量好;B2R2组与B2R3组SSFSE 2D B Thk、FIESTA 2D B、FI-ESTA 3D B、SSFSE 2D B Thn、FRFSE 3D B图像质量好;B3R1组FRFSE 2D R图像质量最好;B3R2组与B3R3组FI-ESTA 2D B、SSFSE 2D B Thk图像质量好。7个序列诊断胆总管结石的敏感性、特异性、假阳性率、假阴性率、总的诊断正确率分别为FRFSE 3D R,72%、98%、2%、28%、89.5%;FRFSE 2D R,92.6%、100%、0%、7.4%、97.5%;FIES-TA 2D B,93.5%、97.1%、2.9%、6.5%、96%;SSFSE 2D B Thk,87.9%、81.8%、18.2%、12.1%、83.8%;FRFSE 3DB,89.7%、100%、0%、10.3%、96.8%;FIESTA 3D B,82.1%、100%、0%、17.9%、94.6%;SSFSE 2D B Thn,90.9%、97%、3%、9%、95%。结论 LC术前诊断胆总管结石的MRCP优化检查方案为:呼吸触发配合度达到一级优先使用FRFSE 2D R;呼吸触发配合度不能达到一级的建议使用FIESTA 2D B。     

Percutaneous Biliary Interventions: Inside and Outside the Box: Treatment of Malignant Bile Duct Obstruction: What the Interventional Radiologist Needs to Know

Management of malignant bile duct obstruction is both a clinically important and technically challenging aspect of caring for patients with advanced malignancy. Bile duct obstruction can be caused by extrinsic compression, intrinsic tumor/stone/debris, or by biliary ischemia, inflammation, and sclerosis. Common indications for biliary intervention include lowering the serum bilirubin level for chemotherapy, ameliorating pruritus, treating cholangitis or bile leak, and providing access for bile duct biopsy or other adjuvant therapies. In some institutions, biliary drainage may also be considered prior to hepatic or pancreatic resection. Prior to undertaking biliary intervention, it is essential to have high-quality cross-sectional imaging to determine the level of obstruction, the presence of filling defects or atrophy, and status of the portal vein. High bile duct obstruction, which we consider to be obstruction above, at, or just below the confluence (Bismuth classifications IV, III, II, and some I), is optimally managed percutaneously rather than endoscopically because interventional radiologists can target specific ducts for drainage and can typically avoid introducing enteric contents into isolated undrained bile ducts. Options for biliary drainage include external or internal/external catheters and stents. In the setting of high obstruction, placement of a catheter or stent above the ampulla, preserving the function of the sphincter of Oddi, may lower the risk of future cholangitis by preventing enteric contamination of the biliary tree. Placement of a primary suprapapillary stent without a catheter, when possible, is the procedure most likely to keep the biliary tree sterile.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术病人应用小潮气量高频率手控呼吸诱导预防术后恶心呕吐

目的观察腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）患者应用小潮气量高频率手控呼吸诱导预防术后呕吐的效果。方法选取ASAⅠ-ⅡLC病人120例,排除心、肺、脑、肾和精神疾病,随机分为三组。A组40例,麻醉诱导静脉滴注阿扎司琼,采用常规潮气量、常规呼吸频率;B组40例,静脉滴注阿扎司琼＋小潮气量高频率手控呼吸诱导;C组40例,未用止吐药,常规潮气量和呼吸频率。比较各组的麻醉持续时间、手术持续时间和不同时间点MAP、HR、SPO2％、PETCO2的情况,术后24小时恶心呕吐的发生率。结果各组的气腹前、气腹后5min、10min、20min、30min的MAP、HR、SPO2％比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,PETC02比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,各组的麻醉持续时间、手术持续时间比较结果无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,A组术后恶心呕吐发生率为20．0％,B组术后恶心呕吐发生率为7．5％,C组术后恶心呕吐发生率为70．0％,结果有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论小潮气量高频率手控呼吸诱导可减少气体进入胃内,降低胃内压力,防止CO2滞留,预防术后恶心呕吐,保障了LC的顺利进行。