320排CT血管造影和超声诊断下肢深静脉血栓价值比较

目的：探讨320排容积 CT 静脉造影(CTV)和超声(US)对下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经DSA 证实为下肢 DVT 的患者51例,对比直接法 CTV 及 US 对下肢不同部位栓子的检出率。结果51例患者中,CTV 共诊断DVT 48例,发现栓子124处,US 诊断静脉血栓46例,发现栓子86处。其中盆腔 DVT CTV 检出34处,US 检出10处,胫腓静脉血栓 CTV 检出25处,US 检出5处,CTV 检出股深静脉血栓2处,US 检出11处。结论直接法 CTV 及 US 对下肢 DVT 的诊断均具有较高的临床应用价值,而前者对盆腔 DVT 及胫腓静脉血栓的检出率更高,而对股深静脉血栓的显示不及后者。     

多层螺旋CT肺动脉造影联合静脉造影诊断深静脉血栓的研究

目的应用16层螺旋CT肺动脉造影联合静脉造影(CTVPA)探讨深静脉血栓发生率及部位,并与下肢彩色超声多普勒对照评价其诊断下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的价值。方法临床怀疑肺栓塞(PE)的147例病人行CTVPA检查,以病人为单位计算两医师诊断DVT一致性;102例患者同时行下肢超声检查,计算股静脉-腘静脉段DVT诊断敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值。结果147例患者中33例(22.4%)有DVT,27例合并PE。33例DVT的患者CTV共发现156个部位的血栓,腹盆腔静脉血栓共48个(31%),股静脉-腘静脉段血栓58个(37%),小腿静脉血栓50个(32%)。DVT血栓CT值为(42±13)HU。2医师诊断DVT的一致率为90%,Kappa值为0.86。以超声作为对照,CTV诊断股静脉-腘静脉段DVT的敏感度为92.3%,特异度为100%。结论CTV对股静脉-腘静脉段DVT诊断准确率高,并能显示下腔静脉、滤器内及盆腔静脉血栓,CTV的观察者间诊断一致性非常好。     

CT肺血管造影联合下肢CT静脉造影检查在疑诊下肢深静脉血栓患者中的应用

目的 评价64层螺旋CT肺血管造影(CTPA)联合下肢CT静脉造影检查(CTV),在下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)中的诊断作用.方法 连续收集临床上疑似下肢深静脉血栓并行64层螺旋CTPA联合下肢CTV检查的患者.按照CTPA和CTV检查的图像质量进行筛选.根据患者肺动脉和下肢深静脉内是否存在血栓进行分析,并对下肢静脉内血栓最近端位置进行统计.最终有109例患者纳入研究.结果 肺动脉和下肢静脉内同时有血栓的患者39例,单纯急性肺血栓患者1例,单纯DVT患者57例,肺动脉和下肢静脉内均无血栓的患者12例.DVT患者血栓最上端位于下腔静脉14例,位于盆腔髂静脉63例,位于大腿(股腘静脉)13例,位于小腿(胫腓静脉)6例.结论 64层螺旋CTPA联合下肢CTV检查对DVT疑似患者的肺动脉内血栓检出具有重要意义,避免了36.7%患者中肺动脉内血栓的漏诊.     

64层螺旋CT直接法静脉造影对下肢深静脉血栓的临床应用价值初步研究

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT直接法静脉造影在下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)中的诊断价值. 资料与方法 19例临床怀疑DVT患者行64层螺旋CT直接法下肢深静脉造影检查,着重分析DVT的CT征象,探讨影响其诊断准确性的因素.结果 64层螺旋CT直接法静脉造影对DVT显示较好,在15例患者中共发现DVT 25处,分别位于髂静脉(4)、股静脉(7)、胭静脉(9)和腓静脉(5).结论 64层螺旋CT直接法下肢深静脉造影结合多种后处理技术可以清楚显示DVT,具有较高的临床应用价值.     

直接法多层螺旋CT静脉造影诊断下肢深静脉血栓简

目的：探讨直接法多层螺旋CT静脉造影（MSCTV）诊断下肢深静脉血栓的临床应用价值。方法直接法多层螺旋CT（MSCT）下肢静脉造影17例,同期均行彩色多普勒超声血流显像（CDFI）检查。直接法MSCTV检查后,所得图像经处理后传送至工作站进行多平面重建（MPR）、最大密度投影（MIP）、表面遮盖（SSD）及容积再现（VR）重建。结果直接法MSCTV检查显示13例存在下肢深静脉血栓（DVT）,彩色多普勒超声检查显示10例,2例髂静脉及1例胫腓静脉血栓彩色多普勒超声未能检出。直接法MSCTV上DVT主要表现为静脉腔内造影剂充盈缺损、静脉节段性不显影、栓塞静脉远端扩张及其周围侧支循环静脉迂曲扩张、周围软组织肿胀、皮肤增厚。结论直接法MSCT能清晰显示DVT形成的部位、范围、侧支静脉情况及病变血管周围的解剖结构,对彩色多普勒超声不易检出的盆腔及小腿深静脉栓塞也能清晰显示,可以作为下肢深静脉血栓检查的常规方法。     

MSCT静脉成像和超声诊断下肢静脉血栓的对比研究

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT静脉成像(MSCTV)和超声(US)对下肢静脉血栓形成的诊断价值。方法:将42例可疑下肢静脉血栓形成患者分别进行MSCT下肢静脉成像和US检查,并把检查结果进行对比分析。结果:42例患者中,MSCTV共发现栓子93处,US发现88处。下肢MSCTV和US对下肢静脉血栓的诊断结果无明显统计学差异(P>0.05),但本组中2例髂静脉、1例下腔静脉内栓子US均漏诊。结论:MSCTV和US对下肢静脉血栓形成均具有重要诊断价值,MSCTV对髂静脉、盆腔内深静脉血栓形成的诊断价值更大。     

直接法MSCTV对下肢深静脉梗阻性病变的诊断价值

目的 探讨双筒双流直接法多层螺旋CT静脉造影(MSCTV)对下肢深静脉梗阻性病变的诊断价值.方法 对临床高度怀疑下肢深静脉梗阻性病变的100例患者进行双筒双流直接法MSCTV,将重建的薄层图像数据导入后处理工作站行最大密度投影(MIP),多平面重组(MPR)及容积重建(VR)等,分析下肢深静脉梗阻性病变的影像学表现并进行图像质量分级.所有患者均在直接法MSCTV 1周内进行数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查.结果 直接法MSCTV显示100例患者双侧下肢深静脉重组图像显示清晰,重组血管对比度良好.双下肢深静脉显示情况质量分级:下腔静脉优占95％、髂总静脉优占94％、髂外静脉优占95％、股静脉优占95.5％、胭静脉优占96.5％、小腿静脉优占92％.100例患者中8例正常,92例显示不同部位、不同程度的静脉梗阻(其中多发性静脉梗阻64例,单发性梗阻28例).下肢深静脉梗阻部位:下腔静脉3支,髂总静脉67支,髂外静脉28支,股静脉50支,腘静脉26支,胫前静脉89支,胫后静脉35支,腓静脉5支.DSA显示100例患者中7例正常,93例显示不同部位、不同程度的下肢深静脉梗阻.结论 直接法MSCTV可准确地显示下肢深静脉梗阻的情况,明确下肢深静脉梗阻的原因,图像清晰度及可靠性高,可明确病灶的范围和程度及侧支循环的建立与否,有重要临床应用价值.     

64层螺旋CT静脉成像及曲面重建对下肢深静脉血栓的评价及意义

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT静脉成像(MSCTV)及曲面重建(CPR)对下肢深静脉血栓(DTV)的诊断价值. 方法对19例临床诊断下肢DVT的患者行骨盆入口至踝关节全程MSCIN扫描.经肘正中静脉团注对比剂,应用对比剂智能跟踪技术,当下腔静脉阈值达100 Hu时触发扫描.以髂总静脉、髂外静脉、股静脉、腘静脉及胫后静脉作为靶血管进行CPR成像,结合容积重建(VR)、多平面重建(MPR)及原始断面图像作出诊断,其中9例患者下肢静脉MSCTV与彩色多普勒超声(CDFI)结果进行比较. 结果 19例患者共显示下肢深静脉259段,其中血栓73段.CPR图像上,除胫后静脉显示欠佳外,其余各段靶血管均能得到全程清晰显示.静脉血栓在CPR上表现为"双轨征"或管腔节段性不规则狭窄或中断,统计学分析显示患侧下肢静脉管腔横径较正常侧明显增粗(P<0.05). 结论 MSCT及CPR对下肢DVT的诊断具有明显优势.     

双向多层螺旋CT下肢静脉造影法的研究和应用

目的探讨双向多层螺旋CT静脉造影(Bi-directionalMSCTV)对诊断下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的临床应用价值。方法收集8人次超声难以显示的下肢肿胀病人行Bi-directiorralMSCTV检查,检查后经最大密度投影(MIP),表面遮盖法(SSD)及容积再现法(VR)重建。结果双向多层螺旋CT下肢静脉造影技术较常规静脉造影和常规单向CT静脉造影更清晰显示盆腔静脉血栓,尚能显示小腿等超声难以显示的血栓。结论双向多层螺旋CT下肢静脉造影法可作为诊断下肢静脉血栓性病变的最佳方法。     

一站式CT静脉造影扫描在肺动脉栓塞联合下肢静脉血栓诊断中的临床应用

肺栓塞（PE）是较常见的一种急性心血管疾病,而下肢深静脉血栓（DVT）主要来源于PE栓子脱落,因此,一站式早期正确诊断PE及下肢DVT已经成为临床治疗此类疾病的关键[1]。CT静脉造影（CTV）是目前较为可靠的无创性的血管造影检查技术,本研究旨在探讨用64排螺旋CT一站式CTV扫描在早期正确诊断PE及下肢DVT方面的临床应用价值。     

Combined CT venography and pulmonary angiography in suspected thromboembolic disease: diagnostic accuracy for deep venous evaluation

OBJECTIVE: Combined CT venography and pulmonary angiography is a new diagnostic test that evaluates both pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in a single study. Our purpose was to compare the CT venous findings with lower extremity venous sonography. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Seventy-one consecutive patients with suspected pulmonary embolism underwent helical CT pulmonary angiography during rapid i.v. infusion of contrast medium. Axial scans at 5-cm intervals from the patient's upper calves to the diaphragm were generated 3.5 min after the beginning of contrast medium injection. CT venous phase images were interpreted prospectively and compared with subsequent bilateral lower extremity venous sonography performed within 12 hr. RESULTS: DVT was revealed by CT venous phase images in 19 patients, 12 of whom also had pulmonary embolism. CT and sonographic findings correlated exactly in the femoropopliteal deep venous system, where most pulmonary emboli originate. CT venous phase images also revealed pelvic extension of DVT in six patients and isolated vena cava thrombus in one patient. CONCLUSION: CT venous phase imaging at the time of CT pulmonary angiography is comparable with venous sonography in the evaluation of femoropopliteal DVT. The iliac veins and vena cava, vessels poorly shown on sonography but sometimes the source of significant pulmonary emboli, are also depicted by CT venography.     

Deep venous thrombosis: comparison of indirect multidetector CT venography and sonography of lower extremities in 26 patients

OBJECTIVE: To compare the accuracy of indirect mutidetector row computed tomographic (MDCT) venography with lower extremity venous sonography for the diagnosis of femoropopliteal deep venous thrombosis (DVT), and to determine the frequency and location of DVT at MDCT venography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six consecutive patients suspected of having pulmonary embolism (PE) underwent both combined MDCT venography and MDCT pulmonary angiography and lower extremity venous sonography. Indirect MDCT venography was acquired from the upper calves to the mid-abdomen following MDCT pulmonary angiography. The CT venographic findings were compared with those of sonography for the diagnosis of femoropopliteal DVT. All CT scans were also reviewed for the frequency and location of DVT. RESULTS: Indirect MDCT venography disclosed DVT in 19 patients, and 12 of whom also had PE. Seventeen patients with thrombosis in the femoropopliteal veins were identified in both indirect MDCT venography and sonography. The sensitivity and specificity of indirect MDCT venography for femoropopliteal DVT, as compared with sonography, were both 100%. In one patient DVT in the superficial femoral vein was detected using only indirect MDCT venography. MDCT venography also showed superior extension of femoropopliteal DVT to the inferior vena cava and iliac veins in four patients and thrombosis isolated to the inferior vena cava and common iliac vein thrombosis in one patient. CONCLUSIONS: Indirect MDCT venography is as accurate as sonography in the diagnosis of femoropopliteal DVT. MDCT venography can further reveal thrombus in large pelvis veins and the inferior vena cava, an important advantage over sonographic screening for DVT.     

Subcutaneous whole-body radionuclide venography using Tc-99m in vivo tagged red blood cells

PURPOSE: The accurate diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is essential to prevent its complications and to initiate appropriate treatment. Doppler ultrasound (DUS), contrast venography, and intravenous radionuclide venography have been used for many years to detect DVT. However, obtaining venous access in the foot for injection of contrast agent can be difficult. METHODS: The authors introduce the technique of subcutaneous radionuclide venography using Tc-99m in vivo tagged red blood cells and compare it with DUS, a widely used method. Sixty patients (120 lower extremities) underwent subcutaneous radionuclide venography and DUS. RESULTS: The concordance rate was 94% in the femoral veins and 95% in the popliteal veins. Subcutaneous radionuclide venography revealed 10 iliac vein thromboses and 2 inferior vena cava thromboses that were not detected by DUS. CONCLUSIONS: Subcutaneous radionuclide venography is a useful alternative method for detecting DVT. It is particularly valuable for evaluating DVT in the iliac veins and in the inferior vena cava.     

联合应用多层螺旋CT肺动脉造影和间接CT静脉造影诊断静脉血栓栓塞症

目的探讨联合应用多层螺旋CT肺动脉造影（MSCTPA）和间接CT静脉造影（CTV）诊断静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）的价值。资料与方法对临床疑似VTE的87例患者,联合应用MSCTPA和间接CTV进行检查,在胭静脉至股总静脉水平,比较间接CTV与多普勒血管超声（DVUS）诊断深静脉血栓形成（DVT）的价值,计算间接CTV的敏感性、特异性、阴性预测值和阳性预测值。结果87例患者中,MSCTPA扫描肺血栓栓塞症（PTE）和DVT均显示32例,显示DVT未显示VIE8例,显示PTE未显示DVT22例。DVUS检查中,DVT42例。与DVUS相比,下肢间接CTV诊断DVT的敏感性95．5％、特异性99．2％、阳性预测值97．7％、阴性预测值98．5％。结论联合应用MSCTPA和间接CTV实现了一次检查同时诊断VIE和DVT,并能显示胸部和下肢的其他异常。     

多层螺旋CT三维重建技术对下肢深静脉血栓的诊断价值

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT三维重建（3D）技术对下肢深静脉血栓的诊断价值。方法：对62例临床怀疑下肢深静脉血栓的患者行16层螺旋CT直接深静脉造影,并在后处理工作站进行3D成像。结果：多层螺旋CT 3D成像可准确、立体、直观的显示下肢深静脉血栓的部位、范围、侧支循环的情况及周围毗邻关系。结论：多层螺旋CT直接静脉造影术技术方法成熟完善,三维重建图像清晰,该技术对下肢深静脉血栓诊断明确,对治疗具有重要的临床指导价值。     

Technetium-99m red blood cell venography in upper extremity deep venous thrombosis

The efficacy of Tc-99m RBC venography has been demonstrated with respect to the study of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis. A case is presented where Tc-99m RBC venography was used to study the upper as well as lower extremities in a patient with upper extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) who was found to have pulmonary embolism.     

肺栓塞和下肢深静脉血栓的多层CT联合成像

目的：探讨下肢深静脉血栓和肺栓塞的多层CT联合成像的诊断价值,并分析下肢深静脉血栓与肺栓塞的相关性。方法：对临床疑诊肺栓塞和/或下肢深静脉血栓的连续80例患者行CT肺动脉和下肢深静脉联合成像,采用16层CT,1.25mm×16模式采集,注射对比剂120ml,注射流率3～4ml/s,肺动脉延迟20～25s扫描,下肢静脉延迟150～180s扫描。结果：共发现下肢深静脉血栓52例55侧,肺栓塞21例37侧,其中肺栓塞和下肢深静脉血栓同时存在18例。结论：肺栓塞与下肢深静脉血栓关系密切,多层螺旋CT肺动脉和下肢静脉联合成像可一次性评价肺动脉和下肢静脉,是肺栓塞适宜的检查方法。