MR脑功能成像

脑部MR功能成像包括弥散加权成像、弥散张量成像、灌注加权成像、血氧水依赖性成像、脑磁共振波谱分析和磁共振波谱成像等，论述上述各脑功能成像的简单原理以及在临床上的应用。     

脑高级功能的功能磁共振成像研究

大脑是生物体内结构和功能最复杂的组织 ,大脑的神经细胞总数约为 1 0 1 2 个 ,相当于整个银河系星体的总数。此外 ,它还有比神经细胞多 1 0～ 50倍的神经胶质细胞 ,这些神经胶质细胞也可能在处理信息中起作用。另外 ,大脑是人体接受外界信号、产生感觉、形成意识、进行逻辑思维、发出指令、产生行为的指挥部 ;是人体内外环境信息获得、存储、处理、加工和整合的中枢。对脑高级功能的研究有助于我们认识脑、保护脑、乃至创造脑[1 ] 。脑高级功能包括语言、记忆、感知觉、情绪、思维等许多方面。历史上最早是从解剖人的尸体和研究脑局部损伤…     

磁共振波谱与脑功能成像

随着磁共振波谱技术及功能性磁共振技术的日臻完善和发展,人们对脑,这个人体内最复杂和最重要的器官的认识,从单纯的影像学研究转而进入了分子水平和超细胞(行为)等各个不同层次上的深入探索。这些对于从本质上揭示脑的结构、功能及行为机制之间的关系无疑提供了巨大的研究前景。本文对磁共振波谱技术的原理及目前在临床和基础科学领域取得的进展作简单回顾,对其在脑功能研究中的地位和价值作出评价。一、磁共振波谱(ｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃｒｅｓｏｎａｎｃｅｓｐｅｃｔｒｏｓｃｏｐｙ,ＭＲＳ)是一种利用核磁共振现象和化学位移作用,进行系列特定…     

脑功能成像针灸脑效应研究进展

正脑功能成像在针灸领域的研究是近10余年来的热点之一,重点在针刺穴位脑效应,如穴位特异性、得气等。近年来,针灸优势病种疗效脑机制的研究越来越普遍,本文予以简要介绍。1经络脑功能成像研究经络学说是中医学的核心基础理论之一。中医认为经络是运行气血、联系脏腑、体表及全身各部的通道,是人体功能的调控系统。有文献[1]总结了沿着9条经络的18个穴位的脑功能成像研究结果,发     

脑功能成像与解剖成像图像融合技术

通过ＳＰＥＣＴ或ＰＥＴ的脑功能图像与ＣＴ或ＭＲＩ的脑解剖图像迭加融合,确定功能性脑成像中异常改变所对应的准确的解剖结构,对临床早期诊断,治疗,疗效观察及预后判断有重要意义。存在多种图像融合方法,目的均在于将来源于不同的图像进行数据转换和精确图像对位,使图像匹配,确保空间描述上的一致性,并要求操作简便易行,目前,各方法尚有待完善。     

功能磁共振成像的脑能量代谢机制

fMRI在脑生理刺激下所测得的信号来自于神经元(谷氨酸盐的释放)与星形胶质细胞(糖酵解)之间代谢和信号的交换,这是脑功能成像技术的细胞学和分子学理论基础.     

脑功能成像对针刺脑效应的研究进展

针灸是中医学的一种重要治疗方法,在长期临床实践中,疗效确切已被国内外医学界认可,但其调节中枢神经系统的作用机制尚未完全阐明。目前,功能磁共振成像(f MRI)等神经影像技术已广泛用于脑功能研究,为针刺作用机制的探讨开辟了新的途径。本文对针刺腧穴的特异性、针灸的治病机制、针刺效应的影响因素、腧穴配伍的效应机制等方面研究进展进行综述。     

癫痫磁共振脑功能成像研究进展

癫痫是神经科仅次于脑血管病的第二高发疾病．其中约70％的病例可用药物治愈或控制．其余为难治性癫痫。手术治疗是控制顽固性癫痫的重要手段。目前,手术能使80％的患者癫痫发作得到有效控制,其治疗效果有赖于癫痫灶和脑功能区的准确定位。近年来磁共振功能成像(functional magnetic resonance imaging．fMRI)技术飞速发展,对癫痫患者认知功能及手术治疗评价能发挥重要作用。     

人类听觉的脑功能磁共振成像研究

脑功能磁共振成像(fMRI)已广泛应用于人体运动、感觉、视觉、味觉、语言及各种复杂认知任务的研究,近年来有关听觉的fMRI研究报道也日益增多,并显示出其潜在和广阔的临床应用前景.     

磁共振脑功能成像原理及应用

磁共振功能成像(FMRI)是一种新兴的影像学检查技术。以往的影像学检查技术绝大部分是依赖于被检组织形态学的改变，而功能性成像这一领域一直为正电子发射体层摄影(PET)所独有。随着MR技术的发展，FMRI能在特定的脑功能活动时或血液动力学变化时对脑组织进行实时的功能成像，对人脑在生理和病理状态下的功能活动进行有效的     

Brain function and local anatomy for SPM analysis

The local brain function has been traditionally investigated based on the correlation of dysfunction with sites of brain lesions. The investigation of relationships between brain function and brain anatomy in both normal subjects and cooperative patients is now a reality through the advent of noninvasive brain monitoring techniques such as positron emission tomography using 15O-water and functional magnetic resonance imaging. While the development of those hardwares is taken for granted, it is quite necessary to deal with large amount of image data in a statistically accurate and rapid manner. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) developed by Friston et al., is a standard method processing the image data in activation studies and now available world-wide. SPM can analyze multiple brains and display the activated site on the standard brain which is settled on Talairach's atlas in SPM95 and on MNI (Montreal Neurological Institute) template in SPM96 and SPM99. In activation study, it is most important to design the tasks that specifically enable the local brain areas to be active and elucidate the unknown local function. Thus we must realize in detail what has been known and not about local brain function.     

特勤官兵的脑功能状态分析

目的 分析特勤官兵的脑功能状态变化.方法 选择2016年1月1日—2018年12月31日来海军青岛特勤疗养中心疗养的特勤官兵113例为研究对象,通过脑功能活动状态测评与训练系统分析特勤官兵的脑认知能力状态和脑健康状态的变化规律.结果 特勤官兵脑认知能力状态总体上在脑稳定能力、抗干扰能力、思维抑制力方面轻度偏离;在注意力...     

枪伤后猪脑功能PET显像及各重要脏器病理学的研究

 目的探讨枪伤前后猪脑功能PET显像及各重要脏器病理学的改变.方法采用81式自动步枪,口径7.62mm,560式子弹,选取成年健康家猪左后肢肌肉丰厚处,避开大血管和骨头,射击距离5 m,射击后立即止血包扎,1 h后行脑功能PET检查,6 h后进行脑、心、肝、脾、肾和肺等脏器的病理学检查.结果枪伤前后脑功能葡萄糖代谢有明显差异(P＜0.01).枪伤后除肺脏有病理学改变外,其他重要脏器无明显病理学改变.肺组织主要表现为肺泡萎陷,含气量减少伴炎细胞浸润,肺水肿,肺泡结构不清,小血管淤血等.结论枪伤后猪脑PET功能显像代谢明显增加,肺部损伤明显,其作用机制与应激、局部周围组织炎性反应和远达效应有关.     

Dual camera studies of pulmonary function with computer processing of data

Xenon 133 and 2 scintillation cameras arranged to view both anterior and posterior lung fields are being used routinely for evaluation of pulmonary function. Scintiphotograms are obtained from both cameras throughout the course of both perfusion and ventilation portions of the study. In addition, data from both cameras are digitized and stored on line in a dedicated computer for further analysis. Computer processing of data permits quantitative information to be obtained on perfusion, ventilation and clearance of the radioactive gas from selected regions of the anterior and posterior lung fields. Ventilation-perfusion ratios and washout times are likewise calculated by computer.     

Brain magnetic resonance imaging at 3 Tesla using BLADE compared with standard rectilinear data sampling

OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate Periodically Rotated Overlapping ParallEL Lines with Enhanced Reconstruction (PROPELLER; BLADE) data acquisition in comparison with standard k-space sampling techniques for axial and sagittal brain imaging at 3 T regarding imaging artifacts. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty patients who gave consent were included in a prospective comparison of standard and PROPELLER (BLADE) k-space sampling techniques. All examinations were performed at 3 T with comparison of standard T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) to PROPELLER T2-weighted FLAIR in the axial image orientation and standard T1-weighted gradient echo to PROPELLER T1-weighted FLAIR in the sagittal image orientation. Imaging protocols were matched for spatial resolution, with data evaluation performed by 2 experienced neuroradiologists. Image data were compared regarding various image artifacts and overall image quality. Reader agreement was assessed by Cohen's kappa statistics. RESULTS: PROPELLER T2-weighted axial data acquisition showed significantly less pulsation and Gibb's artifacts than the standard T2-weighted scan. Even without motion correction, the frequency of ghosting (motion) artifacts was substantially lower in the PROPELLER T2-weighted data and readers concordantly (kappa = 1) rated PROPELLER as better than or equal to the standard T2-weighted scan in the majority of cases (95%; P < 0.0001). In the comparison of sagittal T1-weighted data sets, readers showed only fair agreement (kappa = 0.24) and noted consistent wrap artifacts in PROPELLER T1-weighted FLAIR. CONCLUSION: PROPELLER (BLADE) brain magnetic resonance imaging is also applicable at 3 T. In addition to minimizing motion artifacts, the PROPELLER acquisition scheme reduces other magnetic resonance artifacts that would otherwise degrade scan quality.     

Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (v4) Traumatic Brain Injury Battery: military normative data

The aim of the present study was to establish normative data for the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (v4) Traumatic Brain Injury (ANAM4 TBI) battery in a military context. ANAM4 data from over 107,500 active duty service members ranging from 17 to 65 years of age were included in this study. The influence of the demographic variables of age and gender were also examined. These norms, stratified by age and gender, represent a more comprehensive set of norms than previously available and are provided as a representative set of norms for clinical practice. Additionally, base rates of below average performance in a normal population are provided to help inform clinical decision making.