家兔实验性动脉粥样硬化时主动脉鞘磷脂酶活性与神经酰胺含量变化及大黄素的影响

目的:观察家兔实验性动脉粥样硬化时主动脉鞘磷脂酶活性与神经酰胺含量的变化及大黄素的影响作用。方法:在合格家兔上,按文献报道的用喂饲含胆固醇、猪油饲料的方法复制模型, 1% 的胆固醇配 5% 的猪油,复制期为 10 周。用酶法测定血胆固醇含量,用微量快速测定法测定血浆超氧化物歧化酶活性,用改良八木国夫法测定血丙二醛含量,用放射酶法测定主动脉鞘磷脂酶活性,用薄层扫描法测定主动脉神经酰胺含量。结果:家兔实验性动脉粥样硬化时主动脉鞘磷脂酶活性及神经酰胺含量明显高于对照组,相关性分析显示:主动脉鞘磷脂酶活性及神经酰胺含量与血总胆固醇(TC)含量、血丙二醛(MDA)含量呈正相关,与血超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈负相关;大黄素各组主动脉内膜脂质斑块面积小于模型组,机体抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶)活性高于模型组,主动脉鞘磷脂酶活性及神经酰胺含量低于模型组,以大黄素Ⅱ组作用更明显。结论:家兔实验性动脉粥样硬化的发生可能与高胆固醇血症状态下氧化应激等因素激活神经酰胺信号转导途径有关,大黄素有一定的调节作用。     

增加n-6脂肪酸对高脂诱导的大鼠胰岛素抵抗和血清游离脂肪酸谱的影响

目的探讨喂养占总热量59％的饱和脂肪酸及n-6脂肪酸代替其中20％热量后，对胰岛素抵抗和血清游离脂肪酸谱的影响。方法45只雄性Wistar大鼠分为3组。对照组喂饲普通饲料，高脂组喂饲提供59％热卡的饱和脂肪酸高脂饲料，n-6脂肪酸组喂饲高脂饲料，其中提供20％热量的饱和脂肪酸由豆油中的C18：2代替。各组共喂饲11周后测定糖耐量、空腹胰岛素、胰岛素耐量、胰岛素抵抗指数、血清瘦素、血脂、血清游离脂肪酸谱。结果①高脂组大鼠从第4周开始体重明显升高，糖负荷后血糖、糖耐量试验中葡萄糖曲线下面积、皮下注射胰岛素后血糖及胰岛素耐量试验中葡萄糖曲线下面积、血清胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数、血清瘦素、血清胆固醇和甘油三酯含量均较正常对照组明显升高。高脂组大鼠血清游离脂肪酸谱中，饱和脂肪酸及18烷酸明显升高，不饱和脂肪酸及18碳2烯酸、18碳3烯酸、20碳4烯酸、n-6脂肪酸和n-3脂肪酸均明显下降。②n-6脂肪酸组从第1～10周体重均较高脂组明显减轻，糖负荷后血糖和糖耐量试验中葡萄糖曲线下面积、皮下注射胰岛素后40min、90min血糖及胰岛素耐量试验中葡萄糖曲线下面积、血清胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数、血清胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白含量均较高脂组明显降低；血清瘦素水平、高密度脂蛋白、18碳2烯酸较高脂组明显升高。结论n-6脂肪酸代替诱导大鼠胰岛素抵抗的饱和脂肪酸的20％热量后可以降低胰岛素抵抗，同时血清中18碳2烯酸提高。     

富硒酵母对铁过量导致小鼠肝损伤保护作用的实验研究

目的研究不同剂量的富硒酵母对铁过量导致小鼠肝脏脂质过氧化水平和细胞凋亡的影响。方法通过腹腔注射右旋糖酐铁6周诱发小鼠肝损伤后,分别给予不同剂量的富硒酵母,观察补硒对小鼠肝脏丙二醛（MDA）含量,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）的活性及肝组织细胞凋亡的影响。结果与模型组相比,补充富硒酵母40 mg/（kg·d）能显著降低肝组织中MDA含量,增强SOD、CAT、GSH-Px的活性,并能减少细胞的凋亡;而补充富硒酵母20,60 mg/（kg.d）能显著增加MDA含量,降低SOD、CAT、GSH-Px的活性,并能增加肝细胞的凋亡。结论富硒酵母具有抗氧化和促氧化的双向作用,其两面性取决于硒的浓度。     

Aβ1-40诱导神经元凋亡过程中大鼠海马抗氧酶活性的变化

目的探讨β-淀粉样蛋白（Ap）通过氧化应激引起的细胞凋亡过程中，脑组织内抗氧酶活性的改变方式；并且通过过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性的变化，探讨过氧化物酶体在邯引起的氧化应激过程中的作用。方法将A口注射到大鼠海马，诱导细胞凋亡，在第3天和第7天观察超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和CAT的活性变化。结果铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（CuZn-SOD）和CAT的活性明显低于对照组，但其mRNA的表达各组之间没有差异；从第3天到第7天。总SOD的活性没有改变，但伴随着CAT和CuZn-SOD活性的恢复，丙二醛（MDA）的含量减少，大鼠的学习、记忆能力有所恢复。结论抗氧化酶活性的降低并非mRNA转录水平下降，可能是酶蛋白被活性氧（ROS）氧化所致；CAT发挥了比总SOD更为重要的抗氧化作用；过氧化物酶体在AD引起的氧化应激过程中发挥了抗氧化作用。     

糖尿病大鼠肾脏组织氧化应激及其在糖尿病肾病发病中的意义

目的：观察糖尿病大鼠肾脏组织中氧化应激水平，探讨氧化应激在糖尿病肾病中的作用。 方法： 糖尿病模型鼠采用STZ诱导。36只大鼠随机分为正常对照组、糖尿病维持组、糖尿病治疗组。喂养至12周，测定各组血糖、血中胆固醇、甘油三酯、尿素氮、肌酐、糖化血红蛋白水平、尿肌酐水平和24 h尿蛋白含量。运用比色法测定肾脏皮质中抗氧化酶的活性,包括总超氧化物歧化酶（TSOD）、铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu-Zn SOD)、锰超氧化物歧化酶（Mn SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)以及丙二醛（MDA）的含量。逆转录聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）半定量测定肾脏组织中各抗氧化酶mRNA的表达水平。 结果： 糖尿病治疗组与正常对照组间各指标无显著差异。糖尿病维持组中血糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯、糖化血红蛋白明显高于糖尿病治疗组和正常对照组；抗氧化酶中，TSOD 、Cu-Zn SOD、CAT活性明显低于糖尿病治疗组和正常对照组，GSH-Px活性则高于糖尿病治疗组和正常对照组，Mn SOD活性在各组中无显著差异；而MDA水平则明显高于糖尿病治疗组和正常对照组。糖尿病维持组中GSH-Px、Cu-Zn SOD的mRNA表达水平高于其它组，而CAT mRNA的表达则低于其它组，Mn SOD的mRNA表达水平在各组无明显差异。糖尿病维持组尿蛋白含量明显高于其它组，而肌酐清除率则明显低于其它组。 结论： 高血糖可以影响大鼠肾脏组织中抗氧化酶的表达，升高糖尿病大鼠肾脏组织的氧化应激水平,在糖尿病肾病发病机制中起重要作用。     

紫外线照射充氧自血回输对梭曼急性中毒肝脏自由基损伤保护作用的实验研究

目的:探讨家兔梭曼中毒后肝脏自由基损伤情况及研究紫外线照射充氧自血回输(ultraviolet blood irradiation andoxygenation,UBIO)的保护作用。方法:健康家兔100只随机分为5组,每组20只,雌雄不拘,包括正常对照组、中毒组、常规治疗组、UBIO治疗组及UBIO联合常规治疗(复合治疗)组,连续观察14天,记录家兔存活率,检测肝组织中总抗氧化力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶SOD、过氧化氢酶CAT、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px),谷胱甘肽转硫酶GST活性及丙二醛MDA含量。结果:家兔梭曼中毒后肝脏T-AOC、SOD、GSH-Px、GST活性明显低于正常对照组(P<0.01),而CAT活性及MDA含量明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01)。在经UBIO治疗或复合治疗后,肝组织中T-AOC、SOD、GSH-Px、CAT、GST活性明显高于(P<0.05),而MDA含量明显低于中毒组(P<0.01)。结论:家兔梭曼中毒后可引起肝脏自由基损伤,UBIO治疗有明显的保护作用,因而可以用于急性梭曼中毒的治疗或辅助治疗。     

紫外线照射自血回输对棱曼中毒家兔乙酰胆碱酯酶活性及抗氧化能力的影响

目的：探讨紫外线照射自血回输疗法（AUVIB）对梭曼中毒家兔全血乙酰胆碱酯酶（AchE）活性及血清抗氧化能力的影响。方法：健康家兔24只，随机分为4组：对照组；中毒组；常规治疗组及AUVIB治疗组，观察家兔全血AchE活性及血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化酶（GSH-Px）及总抗氧力（T-AOC）的变化。结果：AUVIB治疗组仝血AchE活性明显高于中毒组及常规治疗组，血清GSH-Px活力及A-TOC明显高于中毒组（p〈0．05）。结论：AUVIB治疗能显著提高全血AchE活性及抗氧化能力，可应用于梭曼急性中毒的治疗。     

α-硫辛酸减轻高尿酸血症大鼠氧化应激损伤

目的观察α-硫辛酸对高尿酸血症大鼠氧化应激和血管内皮细胞形态的影响。方法建立高尿酸血症大鼠模型3周后,每天给予10、30和90 mg/kg不同剂量的α-硫辛酸,灌胃2周,另设对照组,分析大鼠血清尿酸、SOD、GSH-Px、CAT和MDA水平,取胸主动脉,Westernblot法检测SOD和CAT蛋白表达,同时光镜和电镜观察胸主动脉血管内皮形态和超微结构。结果模型组大鼠血清尿酸、SOD、GSH-Px、CAT酶活力均低于对照组,MDA含量高于对照组,胸主动脉SOD及CAT蛋白表达低于对照组(P0.05);α-硫辛酸干预后,大鼠血清尿酸和MDA水平明显降低,中、高剂量组SOD酶活力和胸主动脉SOD及CAT蛋白表达均升高(P0.05);电镜显示高尿酸血症大鼠胸主动脉内皮细胞水肿、脱落,内膜凸起,线粒体增多,经α-硫辛酸干预后,中、高剂量组胸主动脉内皮水肿、凸起数量减少,线粒体数量一过性增加。结论α-硫辛酸可增加高尿酸血症大鼠抗氧化酶活性和蛋白表达,缓解氧化应激,保护血管内皮细胞。     

Aβ1-40诱导神经元凋亡过程中大鼠海马抗氧酶活性的变化

目的探讨β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)通过氧化应激引起的细胞凋亡过程中,脑组织内抗氧酶活性的改变方式;并且通过过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的变化,探讨过氧化物酶体在Aβ引起的氧化应激过程中的作用.方法将Aβ注射到大鼠海马,诱导细胞凋亡,在第3天和第7天观察超氧化物歧化酶(sOD)和CAT的活性变化.结果铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(CuZn-SOD)和CAT的活性明显低于对照组,但其mRNA的表达各组之间没有差异;从第3天到第7天,总SOD的活性没有改变,但伴随着CAT和CuZn-SOD活性的恢复,丙二醛(MDA)的含量减少,大鼠的学习、记忆能力有所恢复.结论抗氧化酶活性的降低并非mRNA转录水平下降,可能是酶蛋白被活性氧(ROS)氧化所致;CAT发挥了比总SOD更为重要的抗氧化作用;过氧化物酶体在Aβ引起的氧化应激过程中发挥了抗氧化作用.     

L-肉碱对NAFLD脂肪肝大鼠肝脏线粒体能量代谢及抗氧化能力的影响

研究L-肉碱对NAFLD脂肪肝大鼠肝脏线粒体能量代谢及抗氧化能力的影响.脂肪肝大鼠48只,随机分为对照组、肉碱组、运训组和肉碱+运训组.运训组和肉碱+运训组进行6周运动,肉碱组和肉碱+运训组每日灌胃一次肉碱(500 mg/kg).6周后各组大鼠进行力竭运动,即刻麻醉取出肝脏提取线粒体,测定线粒体呼吸链酶RCCI~IV活性及自由基代谢相关指标.与对照组比,肉碱组大鼠肝脏线粒体呼吸链RCCII,运训组RCCI、RCCIII,肉碱+运训组RCCI、RCCII、RCCIII活性均显著提高.与肉碱组比,肉碱+运训组RCCI、RCCIII活性显著提高.与运训组比,肉碱+运训组RCCI活性显著提高.与对照组比,肉碱组、肉碱+运训组大鼠肝脏线粒体GSH-Px活性显著提高;与对照组比,三组SOD 活性显著提高,MDA含量降低.与肉碱组比,肉碱+运训组SOD活性显著提高;与运训组比,肉碱+运训组GSH-Px活性显著提高.补充L-肉碱、运动、L-肉碱+运动均可提高非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠肝脏线粒呼吸链酶活性,提高线粒体能量代谢速率及抗氧化损伤能力,补充L-肉碱结合运动训练组效果更加显著.     

Brief communication: omega-3 essential fatty acid supplementation and erythrocyte oxidant/antioxidant status in rats

Fish oil contains large amounts of essential omega-3 fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaneoic acids, which are building structures of cell membranes. The goal of this study was to elucidate the effects of dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on the oxidant/antioxidant status of erythrocytes in rats. The malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels and the catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities were assayed in erythrocytes of male Wistar albino rats after 30 days of dietary supplementation with fish oil (0.4 g/kg/day). Erythrocyte CAT activity in the treated group was increased in comparison with the control group. Erythrocyte MDA and NO levels were lower in the treated group than the controls. Erythrocyte GSH-Px and SOD activities did not differ significantly in the 2 groups. Negative correlations were found between SOD and CAT activities, and between SOD and GSH-Px activities in the treated group. In conclusion, omega-3 fatty acid supplementation helps to prevent lipid peroxidation and to safeguard erythrocytes from oxidative injury. Dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids might possibly protect tissues from oxygen free radical injury in the various diseases in which the oxidant/antioxidant defense mechanisms are disturbed.     

Age related changes in anti-oxidative enzymes in cardiomyopathic hamster hearts

Membrane abnormalities and a shortened life span are closely associated with the progressive cardiomyopathy of dystrophic hamsters. In the present work we investigate whether this membrane damage is associated with changes in the primary membrane defences (the anti-oxidative enzymes). We measured the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH.Px), and catalase (CAT) in hearts of normal and cardiomyopathic (CHF 147) hamsters, aged 17 days to 12 months. In normal hearts all the enzyme activities follow a U-shaped curve: unweaned animals have 20-40% higher enzyme activities and 11-month-old hamsters 50-160% higher activities than adolescent or adult hamster hearts. Changes in this age-related pattern of enzyme activities are seen in dystrophic hearts in all but the 17-20-day-old animals. At 30 days of age and older, GSH.Px activities are decreased and SOD and CAT activities increased in cardiomyopathic hamsters compared to normal animals. SOD, while elevated, seems less affected than GSH.Px and CAT as the disease progresses. The changes in both absolute activities and ratio of activities of the anti-oxidative enzymes parallel the changes in the cardiomyopathic pathology. This work supports the view that the progressive cardiomyopathy of CHF 147 hamsters may be associated with changes in primary membrane defenses.     

Antioxidant Status and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Chronic ITP

The aim of this study was to establish the antioxidant status and oxidative stress in adult patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Eighty‐four patients diagnosed with chronic ITP were studied. Fifty‐eight age‐matched healthy subjects were selected as controls. Serum nitrogen monoxide ( NO), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), superoxide dismutase(SOD), hydrogen peroxide enzyme (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), glutathione (GSH) were evaluated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). It was found that serum SOD, CAT, GSH‐Px, GSH, TAS levels were significantly lower in patients with chronic ITP than controls (all P < 0.05), while serum NO, GSSG, MDA, TOS values were significantly higher (P < 0.05). The number of platelet showed a negative correlation with NO, GSSG, MDA, TOS, respectively,while platelet number showed a positive correlation with SOD, CAT, GSH‐Px, GSH, TAS. These findings suggested that oxidants were increased and antioxidants were decreased in patients with chronic ITP, these may be prominent factors in destructing the platelet membrane. The scavenging of oxygen radical provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of ITP patients.     

人参茎叶总皂苷对衰老小鼠的作用研究

目的 :观察人参茎叶总皂甙口服对皮肤的抗衰老作用。方法 :小鼠颈背部皮下每日注射D 半乳糖 ( 1 0 0 0mg/kg)造成衰老模型 ,同时灌胃 5 0mg/kg .d 1和 1 0 0mg/kg .d 1的人参茎叶总皂甙 ,42天后 ,测定全血中的过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH Px)活力 ;测定皮肤组织匀浆中的羟脯氨酸、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛 (MDA)含量。结果 :1 0 0mg/kg .d 1人参茎叶总皂甙使衰老小鼠全血中CAT和GSH Px活力显著升高 ,皮肤组织匀浆中SOD活力显著升高 ,MDA含量降低 ;5 0mg/kg .d 1和 1 0 0mg/kg .d 1人参茎叶总皂甙均使衰老小鼠皮肤组织中羟脯氨酸含量升高 ,且与衰老模型组比较有显著性差异。结论 :人参茎叶总皂甙口服对D 半乳糖致诱导的小鼠皮肤衰老具有抗衰老作用     

高压氧与环孢素A对皮肤移植小鼠脾活性氧及一氧化氮含量的影响

目的:探讨高压氧与环孢素A对皮肤移植小鼠脾中活性氧、一氧化氮含量的影响。方法:供鼠BALB/C,受鼠C⁵⁷BL/6,皮肤移植,环孢素A组每日腹腔注射CsA5mg/kg,高压氧(HBO)组每日用99.2%氧气0.25MPa作用1.5h,14d后,取脾称重,测脾中丙二醛(MDA)的含量,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性和一氧化氮(NO)的含量,一氧化氮合酶(NOS)的活性。结果:(1)移植组、高压氧组和环孢素A组的MDA含量,GSH-PX、CAT的活性均高于对照组;环孢素A组GSH-PX、CAT活性低于、SOD的活性高于移植组;高压氧组GSH-PX活性低于、CAT和SOD活性高于移植组(P<0.01)。(2)移植组的NOS活性及NO含量高于对照组;高压氧组的NO含量低于、NOS活性高于移植组(P<0.01);环孢素A组的NO含量、NOS活性变化无显著意义。结论:皮肤移植小鼠脾细胞过氧化增强,NO含量及NOS活性增高;高压氧与环孢素A对上述二个系统具有一定作用,这可能与其抑制排斥反应有关。     

牛磺酸和甘糖酯对糖尿病大鼠自由基防御机能和肾脏功能的影响

目的：探讨牛磺酸和甘糖酯对糖尿病（ＤＭ）大鼠体内自由基防御机能和肾功能的影响。方法：牛磺酸（３００ｍｇ／ｋｇ ＢＷ）甘糖酯（１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ ＢＷ）给予ＤＭ大鼠３周后,检查体内抗氧化酶活性,抗氧化物质水平和肾脏功能。     

肠缺血再灌注时肠粘膜抗氧化系统及肝、肾功能改变的实验研究

目的：研究肠缺血再灌注损伤时肠粘膜抗氧化系统的改变及对肝、肾功能的影响。 方法： 复制大鼠肠缺血再灌注模型，采用分光光度计生化测定方法检测肠粘膜的还原型谷胱甘肽GSH、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶GST、过氧化氢酶CAT、丙二醛MDA、超氧化物岐化酶SOD、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GSH-Px及血清谷丙转氨酶ALT、谷草转氨酶AST、尿素氮BUN、肌酐Cr的改变。 结果： 肠粘膜MDA含量于再灌注2 h显著高于假手术组(P<0.05)，再灌注4 h较假手术组高116%(P<0.05)，24 h较前有所降低但仍高于假手术组(P<0.05)；GSH含量于再灌注2 h显著低于假手术组(P<0.05)，再灌注4 h低至假手术组的40%（P<0.01），12 h恢复；肠粘膜CAT、SOD和GSH-Px活性未见明显改变；GST活性于再灌注2 h较假手术组低39%，再灌注4 h达最低，较假手术组低43%(P<0.05)，12 h恢复至假手术组水平；血清ALT、AST、 BUN及Cr于再灌注2 h显著高于假手术组(P<0.05)，再灌注4 h分别较假手术组高208%、100%、103%、41%（P<0.01），24 h基本恢复。 结论： 肠缺血45 min再灌注使肠粘膜GSH含量和GST活性降低，MDA含量增加，并造成肝肾功能的可逆性损伤。     

Effects of vitamin E supplementation on oxidative stress in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats: investigation of liver and plasma

This experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of vitamin E supplementation, especially on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status elements 3/4 namely, glutathione (GSH), CuZn superoxide dismutase (CuZn SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px), both in blood and liver tissues of streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. The extent to which blood can be used to reflect the oxidative stress of the liver is also investigated. In diabetic rats, plasma lipid peroxide values were not significantly different,from control,whereas erythrocyte CuZn SOD (p < 0.01), GSH Px (p < 0.001) activities and plasma vitamin E levels (p < 0.001), were significantly more elevated than controls. Vitamin E supplementation caused significant decreases of erythrocyte GSH level (p < 0.01) in control rats and of erythrocyte GSH Px activity (p < 0.05) in diabetic rats. Liver findings revealed significantly higher lipid peroxide (p < 0.001) and vitamin E (p < 0.01) levels and lower GSH (p < 0.001), CuZn SOD (p < 0.001) and GSH Px (p < 0.01) levels in diabetic rats. A decreased hepatic lipid peroxide level (p < 0.01) and increased vitamin E/lipid peroxide ratio (p < 0.001) were observed in vitamin E supplemented, diabetic rats. A vitamin E supplementation level which did not cause any increase in the concentration of the vitamin in the liver or blood, was sufficient to lower lipid peroxidation in the liver. Vitamin E/lipid peroxide ratio is suggested as an appropriate index to evaluate the efficiency of vitamin E activity,independent of tissue lipid values. Further, the antioxidant components GSH, GSH Px and CuZn SOD and the relationships among them, were affected differently in the liver and blood by diabetes or vitamin E supplementation.     

油橄榄叶提取物干预海洛因依赖小鼠认知和氧化损伤及细胞凋亡的变化

目的 探讨油橄榄叶提取物（OLE）对海洛因依赖小鼠认知和氧化损伤及细胞凋亡的影响。方法 150只小鼠皮下注射海洛因（10 mg/ kg）40 d,再分别给予不同剂量的（0、50、100、200 mg/kg）的OLE进行皮下注射治疗,用Morris水迷宫观察空间学习记忆能力的变化,用透射电子显微镜观察海马细胞结构的改变,用比色法检测小鼠海马超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶（GPx）、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）的活性及丙二醛（MDA）的含量,免疫组织化学和Western blotting检测海马Bax蛋白和Caspase-3的表达。 结果 模型组小鼠海马神经元核膜不规则,细胞器结构异常或空泡化,小鼠逃避潜伏期和逃避的距离高于正常组,在目标象限探索的时间及游泳距离占总距离的百分比低于正常组（P<0.01）,海马组织SOD、CAT、GPx、GSH活性低于正常组,MDA含量高于正常组（P<0.01）,海马组织Bax蛋白和caspase-3的表达高于正常组（P<0.01）。OLE治疗组小鼠海马神经元损害程度减轻,小鼠逃避潜伏期和逃避的距离缩短,在目标象限探索的时间及游泳距离占总距离的百分比延长,海马组织SOD、CAT、GPx、GSH活性又升高,MDA含量及Bax蛋白和Caspase-3的表达又显著降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）。 结论 OLE对海洛因诱导的脑损伤的神经保护与其具有抗氧化能力。抑制细胞凋亡的特性有一定的关系。     

Age-related changes in antioxidant enzyme activities are region and organ, as well as sex, selective in the rat.

Enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were determined in the liver as well as several specific brain regions of young and old Fischer-344 rats of both sexes. In the liver of male rats, activities of CAT as well as Mn-SOD were lower, while activities of Cu Zn-SOD were higher in old (30-month-old) rats than in young (7-month-old) ones. Activities of total SOD as well as GSH Px were comparable for young and old male rat livers. In contrast to male rats, in female rat livers, activities of CAT were significantly higher in old (28-months-old) rats, while activities of Mn-SOD were slightly (but significantly) higher in old rat livers. In old male rats, activities of Mn-SOD were significantly higher than in young males in several specific regions of the brain (the substantia nigra (s. nigra), striatum, hippocampus) but lower in the cerebellum. In particular, SOD activities in s. nigra, striatum and hippocampus in old male rats were several fold higher than corresponding values in young male rats. Activities of Cu Zn-SOD were generally unchanged with age. Activities of CAT as well as GSH-Px (both Se-dependent and non-Se-dependent forms) were also relatively unaffected by age. In female rat brains, activities of Mn-SOD as well as those of others all remained mostly unaffected by aging, although there was a general tendency of slightly higher activities in most cerebral regions for Mn-SOD in old female rats. Thus, age-related changes of these antioxidant enzymes in the liver and brain are markedly sex dependent and some enzyme activities (such as CAT in the liver) change in an opposite direction with age. Changes of Mn-SOD in the brain were markedly region-specific in male rats. Results suggest that the significance of the changes of these antioxidant enzyme activities during aging needs to be carefully interpreted, taking into consideration the fact that changes are markedly variable depending on sex as well as the organs and brain regions examined.