附肢骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的影像学表现分析

目的:通过分析附肢骨嗜酸性肉芽肿(EGB)的影像学特征,提高对该病的认识和诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的21例附肢骨EGB的影像学资料,21例均行X线平片检查,15例行CT检查,7例行MRI检查,2例行SPECT-CT检查。结果:21例共26个病灶,其中18例单发,上肢骨6个病灶(锁骨2个,肱骨4个)、下肢骨12个病灶(股骨6个病灶,髋臼2个病灶,胫骨3个病灶,腓骨1个病灶);3例多发,累及肋骨2个、坐骨3个、髂骨3个,共8个病灶。影像学主要表现为囊状溶骨性骨质破坏,略膨胀。7个病灶可见骨膜反应,9个可见软组织肿胀或肿块,3个周围软组织水肿,1个增强扫描明显强化,2个SPECT-CT显示病灶周围浓聚。结论:X线检查是诊断附肢EGB的基础方法,结合CT、MRI及SPECT-CT能提高该病的诊断及鉴别诊断水平。     

骨化性肌炎的多模态影像学表现

目的:探讨骨化性肌炎的X线、CT、MRI、SPECT/CT的特征性表现。方法:回顾性分析56例经病理或随访证实为骨化性肌炎患者的影像学资料,总结其影像学特征,探讨该病的鉴别要点及诊断价值。结果:56例中,位于髋关节23例,肘关节18例,其他部位15例。早期病变12例,CT或MRI表现为软组织水肿、肿胀,无明显骨化成分,可合并邻近骨骼的骨膜反应;中期病变23例,表现为软组织内分层状肿块,病灶中心呈软组织密度或信号,病灶周围呈蛋壳样、絮状骨化影,SPECT/CT表现为病灶整体显像剂异常摄取;晚期病变21例,表现为边界清楚的骨化团块,SPECT/CT显像15例,其中3例未见显像剂摄取,6例病灶中央显像剂摄取,6例病灶周围显像剂不均匀摄取。结论:骨化性肌炎早期缺乏影像学特征,中期蛋壳样骨化是其特征表现,晚期的骨化团块可表现为不同形式的显像剂摄取,多模态影像学的综合应用可提高其临床诊断价值。     

脊柱原发性软骨肉瘤影像学表现及组织病理联系

目的分析脊柱原发性软骨肉瘤影像学表现,探讨其影像学特征及组织病理联系。资料与方法回顾性分析8例病理证实的脊柱原发性软骨肉瘤患者的临床表现、病理特征及影像学征象。结果 8例中普通型4例,间质型2例,透明细胞型和黏液型各1例;7例髓内型,1例皮质旁型。病灶均单发,累及胸椎3例(T4、T5和T11～12),骶椎3例(S1～3),腰椎和颈椎各1例。8例均表现为不同程度溶骨性骨质破坏和软组织肿块。7例病灶内见环状或弧线样软骨基质钙化。3例T2WI上见分叶状更高信号区(富水分区)病灶中,2例为传统型,且含MRI液-液平面,病理证实瘤灶内有动脉瘤样骨囊肿改变;另1例为透明细胞型,病理显示富含透明软骨成分;此两型共5例,其中4例MRI呈线样或分隔样强化。黏液型病灶MRI信号混杂,但较传统型和透明细胞型信号相对均匀;除钙化区域外,瘤体呈弥漫强化。2例间质型病灶均表现为明显软组织肿块,均匀或不均匀强化。结论脊柱原发性软骨肉瘤具有特征性影像表现,不同影像学表现可提示不同病理类型。熟悉脊柱原发性软骨肉瘤影像学特征及不同病理类型特征性表现有助于临床及影像诊断。     

骨盆原发性恶性肿瘤的影像学临床分析

目的:探讨骨盆原发性恶性肿瘤的病种分布及其影像学表现。方法:回顾本院11年间经活检和/或手术病理证实的骨盆原发性恶性肿瘤56例,分析其发病情况及影像学主要表现。结果:骨盆原发性恶性肿瘤共56例,按其发生比例依次为骨髓瘤(包括单发及多发性骨髓瘤)34例(占60.7%),软骨肉瘤、尤文氏肉瘤及原发性骨淋巴瘤各6例(分别占10.7%),骨肉瘤2例(占3.6%),恶性骨母细胞瘤及恶性纤维组织细胞瘤各1例(占1.8%)。主要影像表现为溶骨性骨质破坏(48例)或混合性骨质破坏(6例),软组织肿块或肿胀(22例),病灶边界清楚(35例),边界模糊(21例);出现瘤骨或钙、骨化(9例),少数可出现骨膜反应(4例)。结论:骨盆原发性恶性肿瘤种类较多,影像学表现缺乏特异性,综合影像检查可提高对各类病变的诊断及鉴别诊断准确率。     

Imaging Manifestations of Primary Spinal Chondrosarcoma:a Comparative Analysis with Histopathology

目的 分析脊柱原发性软骨肉瘤影像学表现,探讨其影像学特征及组织病理联系.资料与方法 回顾性分析8例病理证实的脊柱原发性软骨肉瘤患者的临床表现、病理特征及影像学征象.结果 8例中普通型4例,间质型2例,透明细胞型和黏液型各1例;7例髓内型,1例皮质旁型.病灶均单发,累及胸椎3例(T4、T5和T11-12),骶椎3例(S1-3),腰椎和颈椎各1例.8例均表现为不同程度溶骨性骨质破坏和软组织肿块.7例病灶内见环状或弧线样软骨基质钙化.3例T2WI上见分叶状更高信号区(富水分区)病灶中,2例为传统型,且含MRI液-液平面,病理证实瘤灶内有动脉瘤样骨囊肿改变;另1例为透明细胞型,病理显示富含透明软骨成分;此两型共5例,其中4例MRI呈线样或分隔样强化.黏液型病灶MRI信号混杂,但较传统型和透明细胞型信号相对均匀;除钙化区域外,瘤体呈弥漫强化.2例间质型病灶均表现为明显软组织肿块,均匀或不均匀强化.结论 脊柱原发性软骨肉瘤具有特征性影像表现,不同影像学表现可提示不同病理类型.熟悉脊柱原发性软骨肉瘤影像学特征及不同病理类型特征性表现有助于临床及影像诊断.     

BI-RADS分级在临床不可触及的乳腺病变活检中的应用

目的:探讨乳腺影像报告及数据系统(BI-RADS)分级对影像学发现的亚临床乳腺病变的诊断及治疗价值.材料和方法:50例乳腺X线发现异常而临床不可触及肿块的患者,运用BI-RADS分级系统为乳腺影像评分,为所有患者行乳腺X线引导下导丝定位病灶活检术,对比影像诊断与病理结果,分析影像学对病理结果的预测价值.结果:2例BI-RADS 5级,5例BI-RADS 4级与1例BI-RADS 3级病变证实为恶性,13例BI-RADS 4级和1例BI-RADS 3级病灶诊断为癌前病变,22例BI-RADS 4级和6例BI-RADS 3级病灶最终诊断为良性病变.结论:BI-RADS 3～5级的亚临床病变,通过导丝引导下病灶定位切除活检术,能够帮助发现早期乳腺癌.     

严重急性呼吸综合征的临床与影像学表现

目的　研究SARS患者不同阶段的临床与影像学改变。方法　对 12 3例住院患者进行影像与临床分析。结果　影像改变 :早期 ,病灶多发或单发 ,表现多种多样 ,肺实质改变不明显 ;进展期 ,病变迅速发展 ,范围扩大 ,病灶数目明显增多 ,影像表现呈多样性 ;吸收期 ,病灶明显缩小、变淡 ,部分有纤维化表现。胸部CR、DR与HRCT影像学表现相似 ,但HRCT更敏感。临床表现 :早期 ,发热、全身及关节酸痛 ,咳嗽 ,白细胞正常或偏低 ;进展期 ,在上述症状加重的基础上出现血氧饱和度下降 ,有 2 0 %的患者发展为ARDS ;恢复期 ,80 %的患者好转康复出院。结论　SARS的影像表现与其它肺炎相似 ,特异性不强 ,肺部病变的变化与临床表现无明显相关性。但是影像学仍是作为治疗、了解病变的重要依据。     

胸膜肺母细胞瘤的影像与病理对照研究

目的 :探讨胸膜肺母细胞瘤(PPB)的影像学表现,并与病理学对照,提高对PPB影像特点的认识。方法:回顾性分析11例经手术病理证实为PPB的临床、病理、影像资料,并结合文献综合分析其影像特征。结果 :PPB主要起源于肺组织(10/11),向胸腔内突出生长,体积巨大。PPB分为Ⅰ型(囊性)、Ⅱ型(囊实性)和Ⅲ型(实性)3型,随分型越高,恶性度越高,侵袭性越强。在形态及侵袭性方面,影像学表现与病理分型有较好的一致性(10/11)。CT显示4例PPB有少许点状钙化,Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型实性部分均可见明显不均质强化。结论:PPB是儿童期少见的肺部胚胎性肿瘤,影像表现随病理分型的不同而各有特点,结合病灶部位、形态以及临床特征,影像检查可为临床提供可靠的诊断依据。     

肾上腺神经节细胞瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的:分析肾上腺神经节细胞瘤的影像表现特点,提高对肾上腺疾病影像诊断的认识。方法:收集手术病理证实的13例肾上腺神经节细胞瘤的CT、MRI资料,回顾性分析病灶的影像特点并与组织病理学特征相对照。结果:所有病例均为单发病灶。右侧肾上腺病灶7例,左侧肾上腺病灶6例,病灶平均大小3.5cm×4.5cm,CT平扫为等或低密度,T1WI表现为低信号,T2WI表现为高信号,增强后早期轻度强化、延迟后进行性增强,肿瘤可有漩涡征及包绕血管、但不侵犯血管等征象,3例肿瘤内出现钙化。结论:CT和MRI平扫及增强扫描能较好地显示肾上腺神经节细胞瘤的内部结构和影像学特点,反映病灶的血供特点和病理特征,有助于与肾上腺其它病变的鉴别。     

乳腺原发性及继发性淋巴瘤的X线及MRI影像表现分析

目的分析原发性及继发性乳腺淋巴瘤的X线及MRI表现。方法收集经病理或临床诊断标准确诊原发性及继发性乳腺淋巴瘤15例,年龄32~81岁,平均(43.5±14.6)岁,评价患者X线及MRI影像学表现。结果 4例行X线检查,2例PBL表现为单发类圆形等高密度肿块影,边界清晰;1例PBL表现为区域性团片密度增高影内伴等高密度结节影;1例SBL表现双乳多发类圆形结节,等高密度,边缘模糊。14例行MR检查,12例PBL中单乳单发结节或肿型块7例(58.3%,7/12),多发结节或肿块型4例(33.3%,4/12),双乳弥漫浸润型1例(8.3%,1/12),其中增强后可见病灶实质明显强化伴穿行血管、分隔样强化或不强化分隔,晚期病灶边缘勾边样强化5例,3例皮肤不同程度增厚水肿,7例伴腋下淋巴结肿大。SBL中1例表现为边缘清晰单发肿块,增强早期可见病灶内穿行血管,晚期分隔样强化伴病灶勾边样强化,伴双侧腋下多发肿大淋巴结;1例表现为双乳多发结节,均匀强化伴少许不强化分隔。结论原发性及继发性乳腺淋巴瘤的影像学表现具有一定的特征性,但两者的影像学表现并无明显差异,X线特点缺乏特异性,MRI表现有助于明确诊断。     

动脉晚期CTA融合图像在肾动静脉系统评估中的价值

目的探讨动脉晚期CTA融合图像在肾动静脉系统评估中的价值。方法26例超声提示肾占位的病人及5例活体供肾者,采用德国Siemens Somatom Sensation 16层螺旋CT机,进行了平扫及动脉早期、动脉晚期及实质期3期增强扫描。数据被传到GE ADW 4.2 Workstation进行3D重建,采用Volume viwer plus voxtool 6.3.19软件包。由2位放射科主任医师对肾动静脉系统显示情况进行评估,意见相左时,通过讨论达成共识。结果动脉晚期CTA融合图像对副肾动脉和肾动脉提前分支的显示率与动脉早期相同。左右肾副肾动脉的CTA显示率分别为32.3%和6.5%。左右肾动脉提前分支的显示率分别为12.9%和9.7%。对环主动脉左肾静脉、腹主动脉后左肾静脉及多条右肾静脉,动脉晚期CTA融合图像与实质期的显示率之间亦无差异,分别为16.1%、3.2%及32.3%。动脉晚期CTA融合图像对左肾上腺静脉、左性腺静脉及左腰静脉的显示率为83.9%、87.1%、61.3%,和实质期相比(分别为87.1%、93.5%、64.5%),2组之间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。动脉晚期CTA融合图像质量优于实质期。结论动脉晚期CTA融合图像能够同时且清楚地显示肾动静脉系统,减少了受检者的放射线剂量、节约了检查时间。     

Radiologic–Pathologic Correlation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Chemoembolization

To correlate posttreatment radiologic and pathologic findings in patients who underwent transarterial chemoembolization before transplantation or resection. Thirty-five patients with postchemoembolization follow-up imaging underwent liver transplantation/resection. Pre- and posttreatment contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging were used to evaluate radiologic findings. Imaging characteristics using World Health Organization (WHO) and European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) criteria after treatment were evaluated. Treated lesions were examined by pathology (gold standard) for the assessment of necrosis. Radiologic findings on magnetic resonance imaging were correlated to pathologic findings to assess the predictability by imaging of actual necrosis. Kappa (κ) statistics were used to determine intermethod agreement between WHO and EASL criteria. Fourteen (40%) of 35 lesions had biopsy-proven hepatocellular carcinoma. Thirteen (37%) of 35 target lesions showed complete pathologic necrosis. Complete pathologic necrosis was seen in 35% of lesions with pretreatment size <3 cm. Complete pathologic necrosis was seen in 1 (100%) of 1, 6 (67%) of 9, 6 (33%) of 18, and 0 (0%) of 7 of the lesions that exhibited complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), or progressive disease (PD) by WHO criteria, respectively. Complete pathologic necrosis was seen in 9 (82%) of 11, 4 (36%) of 11, 0 (0%) of 8, and 0 (0%) of 5 of the lesions that showed CR, PR, SD, or PD by EASL criteria, respectively. EASL CR and WHO response were shown to have ≥85% specificity for predicting complete pathologic necrosis. The κ coefficient for agreement between WHO and EASL was 0.29. EASL and WHO criteria had minimal intermethod agreement. EASL CR and WHO response were able to predict pathologic necrosis.     

Cervical spine: postmortem assessment of accident injuries--comparison of radiographic, MR imaging, anatomic, and pathologic findings.

PURPOSE: To assess the ability of postmortem radiography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to depict occult cervical spine injuries as compared with anatomic and pathologic findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cervical spines of 10 adult accident victims underwent radiography and MR imaging, with T1-weighted, fast spin-echo T2-weighted, and four gradient-echo pulse sequences. The frozen specimens were cut into 3-mm-thick slices (sagittal plane) and photographed, and microfocus radiographs were obtained. Imaging findings were compared with the anatomic and pathologic findings. RESULTS: Eight of the 10 specimens had 28 posttraumatic lesions: three fractures (two missed at the initial MR imaging reading), 10 facet joint capsule lesions with bleeding, five soft-tissue and ligament lesions, eight disk lesions, and two spinal cord lesions. Radiography depicted one lesion (4%). Two partial ruptures of the anterior annulus fibrosus were depicted at only MR imaging. Initially, 11 of 28 lesions were detected on MR images; retrospectively, 17 of 28 lesions were correlated with anatomic findings. CONCLUSION: Soft-tissue and intervertebral disk and ligament injuries account for 89% (25 of 28) of posttraumatic cervical spine lesions detected on postmortem images. Occult lesions, including apophyseal joint injuries, were found in clinically noninjured cervical spines. MR imaging was limited in the depiction of discrete lesions when T1-weighted non-fat-saturated, fast spin-echo T2-weighted, and gradient-echo pulse sequences were used.     

Brain metabolite profiles of T1-hypointense lesions in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Persistent T1-hypointense lesions ("black holes") are thought to represent permanent damage of brain parenchyma. We attempted to ascertain whether the metabolic profiles of these hypointense areas support this hypothesis and whether these profiles correlate with these hypointense findings. METHODS: Four patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and four matched control volunteers underwent MR imaging and 3D proton MR spectroscopy. Absolute levels of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine, and choline (Cho) were obtained in 0.19 cm(3) voxels containing 14 T1-hypointense lesions (average volume, 0.4 cm(3); range, 0.2-1.0 cm(3)) in patients. Metabolite levels were analyzed, by using Pearson correlation, against their respective lesions' hypointensity relative to the surrounding normal-appearing white matter. RESULTS: Moderate correlation, r = 0.56, was found between the NAA level and MR imaging hypointensity. Of the 14 lesions studied, 12 were deficient in NAA and 11 had excess Cho compared with corresponding brain regions in control volunteers. Only one lesion was significantly deficient in all three metabolites, indicative of total damage or matrix loss. CONCLUSION: No relationship was found between the hypointensity of the lesions and their metabolic profile. Specifically, lesions with the same hypointensity on T1-weighted MR images were metabolically variable (ie, displayed disparate metabolite levels and behavior). Also, although 86% of the lesions exhibited abnormally low NAA, 71% also had increased Cho. This indicates that although neuronal damage had already occurred (lower NAA), these lesions were still "smoldering" with active membrane turnover (high Cho), most likely because of de- and remyelination, indicative of shadow plaques (remyelinated lesions). Consequently, relapsing-remitting hypointense lesions represent neither final-stage nor static pathologic abnormality.     

同时性双侧原发性乳腺癌MRI表现与临床病理对照分析

目的：分析同时性双侧原发性乳腺癌(sBPBC)的 MRI 表现,并结合其病理类型进行对照分析,探讨其临床病理特点及双侧病变影像学表现的相关性。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的20例 sBPBC 患者的 MRI 表现,进行双侧 MRI 表现比较并与病理学类型对照分析。结果(1)20例 sBPBC 共41个病灶,病理类型以浸润性导管癌居多(26/41)。第一癌与第二癌病理类型相同者11例(11/20),其中,1例双侧浸润性小叶癌,10例双侧导管癌；不相同者9例(9/20)。(2)浸润性乳腺癌较早期乳腺癌 MRI 表现更具特征性。20例患者,仅6例(6/20)第一癌与第二癌具有相似的 MRI 表现,相似率不高；此6例患者,4例(4/6)具有相同的病理学类型。(3)10例患者符合第一癌为进展期乳腺癌,第二癌为早期乳腺癌或低度恶性乳腺癌。结论(1)sBPBC 患者的病理类型以浸润性导管癌发生率最高,双乳癌患者双侧病变病理类型不一定相同。(2)第二癌与第一癌的 MRI 表现相似率不高,双侧病变可分别独立行 MRI 诊断。(3)sBPBC 患者中,部分第一癌为进展期乳腺癌,第二癌为早期乳腺癌,影像诊断时遇到的一侧疑似乳腺癌,但另一侧表现不相似的小病灶,需要积极随访。     

Prostate cancer: correlation of MR images with tissue optical density at pathologic examination

To explain the variability in detection of prostate cancer with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, the authors correlated preoperative MR findings in 28 patients with tissue optical density (TOD) measurements on whole-mount pathologic slides prepared from radical prostatectomy specimens. TOD was used as an indicator of the degree of tissue compactness or openness. TOD measurements from proved cancers and from pathologic regions corresponding to MR lesions (areas of low signal intensity seen at T2-weighted MR imaging) were compared with TOD measurements from adjacent, nonmalignant tissue. TOD measurements corresponding to MR lesions were higher than noncancerous tissue measurements in all cases (P less than .005). Although most of these lesions represented cancers (21 of 30), nine of 30 represented benign tissue that was composed mainly of densely packed fibromuscular stroma (30% false-positive results). Thus, signal intensity appeared to be related to TOD rather than to a specific histologic tissue type, and the finding of a peripheral zone lesion with low signal intensity did not necessarily indicate the presence of a cancer.     

The comparison of dual phase Tc-99m MIBI and Tc-99m MDP scintimammography in the evaluation of breast masses: Preliminary report

The aim of this prospective study was to determine the diagnostic value of Tc-99m MDP scintimammography (SMG) for the detection of breast cancer in patients with breast masses and to compare the results with Tc-99m MIBI scintimammography. Twenty patients, categorized as suspicious, positive or benign for breast cancer according to the mammographic findings were included in the study. Dual phase Tc-99m MIBI and Tc-99m MDP SMG were performed in the prone lateral position within 5 days of each other. Although early and late Tc-99m MIBI SMG showed equal (90.4%) sensitivity, the specificity of late Tc-99m MIBI (87.5%) was found superior to early (62.5%) imaging. The overall sensitivity and specificity of early Tc-99m MDP SMG were 71.4% and 62.5%, respectively. Although late Tc-99m MDP imaging showed 100% specificity, its sensitivity was only 23.8%. In the patients with palpable masses, both early Tc-99m MDP and Tc-99m MIBI showed equal sensitivity (100%), but the sensitivity of early Tc-99m MIBI (37.5%) was found slightly higher than Tc-99m MDP (25.0%) for nonpalpable breast lesions. The sensitivity of Tc-99m MIBI and Tc-99m MDP SMG in detecting metastatic axillary involvement was 66.6% and 50%, respectively. High sensitivity and specificity together with its low cost, easy availability and the possibility of detecting bone metastases seems to make Tc-99m MDP a contributive agent in the evaluation of breast lesions as an alternative to Tc-99m MIBI.     

Extracranial skeletal Langerhans cell histiocytosis: MR imaging features according to the radiologic evolutional phases

PurposeThe purpose was to describe the magnetic resonance (MR) findings of extracranial skeletal Langerhans cell histiocytosis according to the radiologic evolutional phases.Materials and methodsTwenty-two patients with pathologically confirmed extracranial skeletal Langerhans cell histiocytosis were included. The lesions were classified as early, mid, and late phases according to the radiologic evolutional phases. MR images were retrospectively analyzed regarding signal intensity, internal hypointense band, fluid levels, periosteal reaction, adjacent bone marrow and soft tissue abnormal signal, and patterns of contrast enhancement in each phase.ResultsAccording to the radiologic evolutional phases, there were 4 patients with early phase, 16 with mid phase, and 2 with late phase. All cases showed hypointense to intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images. On T2-weighted images, 12 (55%) of the 22 lesions were hyperintense, and 10 (45%) showed intermediate signal. All lesions showed diffusely heterogeneous signal on T2-weighted images. Internal low-signal bands of the lesions were observed in 13 cases (59%). There were two cases with fluid levels in mid phase. Periosteal reaction was observed in 13 (59%) cases. Adjacent bone marrow or soft tissue abnormal signal was observed in 20 cases (91%), respectively. According to early, mid, and late phases, bone marrow and soft tissue abnormal signals were observed in 100%, 100%, and 0% cases, respectively. Soft tissue mass was seen in eight cases (36%). Ten (46%) lesions showed cortical destruction, including one patient with a pathologic fracture. Among 21 patients with contrast infusion, diffuse enhancement was observed in 19 patients (90%), and marginal and septal enhancement was seen in 2 patients (10%).ConclusionMR imaging was helpful in the diagnosis of extracranial skeletal Langerhans cell histiocytosis, particularly in early and mid phases.     

Radiographic findings in 32 cases of primary CNS lymphoma

Computed tomographic (CT) or angiographic (or both) findings were analyzed in 32 cases of pathologically proved primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the central nervous system. CT scans were available in 28 of the 32 cases. Thirty lesions were found in the 28 cases. In comparison with previous literature, the frequency of involvement of deep central structures (30%), multiple lesions (11%), and subependymal lesions (4%) was lower and that of lesions in the periphery of the supratentorial compartment was higher (46%). In agreement with previous literature, most of the lesions were of increased density (63%), enhanced (100%), and enhanced homogeneously (71%). Twenty-nine of the 32 patients underwent cerebral angiography. In 12 patients, a homogeneous vascular stain was found that appeared in the late arterial or early venous phase and had a meningiomalike pattern. This staining pattern has not been emphasized sufficiently in previous literature. It was believed that such an angiographic pattern in a dense, homogeneously enhancing parenchymal lesion is suggestive of a primary lymphoma of the central nervous system. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in one patient with two lesions, and both lesions demonstrated prolonged T2 relaxation times.     

数字化三维立体导丝定位穿刺技术在乳腺微小病灶中的应用

目的:探讨数字化三维立体导丝定位穿刺术对乳腺微小病灶的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析临床触诊阴性而影像学表现异常的患者41例(乳腺微小病灶43处),41例均行乳腺数字化三维立体导丝定位穿刺切除并进行病理学检查。结果:43处微小病灶均定位成功,病变完全切除。病理检查:恶性病变8处,其中原位癌3处,浸润性导管癌Ⅰ～Ⅱ级3处,导管内癌伴早期浸润1处,浸润性导管癌伴腋下淋巴结转移1处;良性病变35处。结论:乳腺数字化三维立体导丝定位穿刺技术定位准确、损伤小、诊断符合率高,是治疗乳腺微小病变的重要手段,也是发现早期乳腺癌的重要方法。