子宫肌腺症和子宫内膜异位症患者血清CA125检测的临床意义

目的探讨血清糖类抗原(CA)125在子宫肌腺症和子宫内膜异位症中的临床价值。方法用化学发光免疫分析法检测子宫肌腺症、子宫内膜异位症、子宫肌瘤、卵巢囊肿患者及健康对照者血清CA125的水平,部分子宫肌腺症和子宫内膜异位症患者治疗后复测。结果子宫肌腺症和子宫内膜异位症组血清CA125水平[(69.5±32.0)IU/mL和(52.3±8.4)IU/mL]较子宫肌瘤组[(38.2±27.1)IU/mL]、卵巢囊肿组[(29.8±21.0)IU/mL]及健康对照组[(26.0±8.1)IU/mL]显著增高,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01);子宫肌瘤或卵巢囊肿患者血清CA125水平与健康对照组差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。子宫肌腺症和子宫内膜异位症组治疗后血清CA125水平均较治疗前明显下降(P均<0.01)。结论结合患者体征及影像学检查,血清CA125可作为子宫肌腺症与子宫肌瘤、子宫内膜异位症与卵巢囊肿鉴别诊断以及疗效评价的指标。     

血清抗子宫内膜抗体及CA125对子宫内膜异位症的临床应用探讨

目的探讨血清抗子宫内膜抗体(EMAb)、血清CA125对子宫内膜异位症(EMs)诊断的临床价值.方法子宫内膜异位症患者20例(内膜异位症组)和健康妇女30例(对照组)空腹抽取静脉血,用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定两组血清中EMAb水平;用电化学发光法全自动免疫酶标仪测定血清中CA125水平.结果卵巢子宫内膜异位症10例,子宫肌腺症6例,盆腔其它部位子宫内膜异位症4例,内异症组EMAb阳性率为60%,对照组为10%,两组差异有显著性(P＜0.01).血清CA125内异症组(≥35 u/ml)平均水平69.69 u/ml,对照组平均水平22.88 u/ml,两组差异有显著性(P＜0.01).两种方法阳性率的比较没有关系,两组差异无显著性(P＞0.05).血清抗子宫内膜抗体阳性率较高.结论测定子宫内膜异位症患者血清中EMAb及CA125水平对子宫内膜异位症有较好的辅助诊断价值,联合测定EMAb及CA125更能提高诊断的正确性.     

CA125及ROMA在阳春地区子宫内膜异位症患者风险评估中的应用研究

目的探讨CA125(CA125)及卵巢恶性肿瘤风险预测模型(ROMA)在阳春地区子宫内膜异位症患者风险评估中的应用价值。方法以阳春地区433例子宫内膜异位症患者为回顾性研究对象,以酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测患者术前CA125水平和人附睾蛋白4(HE4)水平,并运用ROMA计算公式计算患者ROMA指数截断值,分析CA125水平及ROMA指数截断值与子宫内膜异位囊肿分期及术后妊娠率的相关性,并探讨CA125水平及ROMA指数截断值在子宫内膜异位症风险评估中的应用价值。结果子宫内膜异位囊肿Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期患者术后能妊娠者的血清CA125水平及ROMA指数截断值均低于不能妊娠者,比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);血清CA125水平及ROMA指数截断值与子宫内膜异位囊肿分期呈正相关(r值分别为0.986 2、0.988 3,P0.05);血清CA125水平及ROMA指数截断值与子宫内膜异位患者术后妊娠率呈负相关(r值分别为0.597 5、0.952 8,P0.05);ROMA指数在子宫内膜异位患者术后妊娠风险评估中的准确度、特异度、灵敏度、阴性预测值、阳性预测值及诊断符合率均高于血清CA125,比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 CA125及ROMA指数截断值均可用于子宫内膜异位症患者的病情风险评估和术后妊娠风险评估,但ROMA指数的评估价值优于CA125的评估价值。     

中药水蛭内金汤对子宫内膜异位症患者血清CA125的影响

目的探讨中药水蛭内金汤对子宫内膜异位症患者血清癌抗原125(CA125)水平的影响。方法子宫内膜异位症患者100例,腹腔镜手术证实均为III～IV期,中医辩证属于血瘀型。随机分为腹腔镜联合中药内金水蛭汤研究组和手术治疗对照组,每组50例。术前、术后3个月抽取静脉血测定血清CAl25水平,对比观察。结果研究组CA125水平从治疗前135.7±16.4 U/ml降至术后3个月40.5±10.7 U/ml,对照组由129.9±15.6 U/ml降至90.7±11.8 U/ml。两组治疗后CA125水平均明显降低,且研究组治疗后CA125水平明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论中药水蛭内金汤可降低子宫内膜异位症患者血清CA125。血清CA125测值能反映子宫内膜异位症严重程度,通过治疗组与对照组的CA125测值对比,证明中药水蛭内金汤治疗子宫内膜异位症疗效显著。     

子宫肌腺症和子宫内膜异位症患者血清CA125检测的临床意义

目的探讨血清糖类抗原（CA）125在子宫肌腺症和子宫内膜异位症中的临床价值。方法用化学发光免疫分析法检测子宫肌腺症、子宫内膜异位症、子宫肌瘤、卵巢囊肿患者及健康对照者血清CA125的水平，部分子宫肌腺症和子宫内膜异位症患者治疗后复测。结果子宫肌腺症和子宫内膜异位症组血清CA125水平[（69．5±32．0）IU／mL和（52．3±8．4）IU／mL]较子宫肌瘤组[（38．2±27．1）IU／mL]、卵巢囊肿组[（29．8±21．0）IU／mL]及健康对照组[（26．0±8．1）IU／mL]显著增高，差异均有统计学意义（P均〈0．01）；子宫肌瘤或卵巢囊肿患者血清CA125水平与健康对照组差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。子宫肌腺症和子宫内膜异位症组治疗后血清CA125水平均较治疗前明显下降（P均〈0．01）。结论结合患者体征及影像学检查，血清CA125可作为子宫肌腺症与子宫肌瘤、子宫内膜异位症与卵巢囊肿鉴别诊断以及疗效评价的指标。     

血清CA125在子宫内膜异位症诊断中的价值探究

选取2012年11月~2014年12月我院收治的100例子宫内膜异位症患者。对所有患者的CA125水平及子宫内膜异位症阳性率等方面进行分析和研究。结果子宫内膜异位症I期与子宫内膜异位症Ⅱ期患者的平均CA125基本正常,子宫内膜异位症Ⅲ期与Ⅳ期患者的平均CA125水平相对较高;子宫内膜异位症Ⅰ期阳性率为32.34%,Ⅱ期阳性率为53.18%,Ⅲ期阳性率为74.01%,Ⅳ期阳性率为89.64%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血清CA125在子宫内膜异位症中的具有较高的诊断价值,可在临床上进一步推广和应用。     

血清EMAb和CA125水平对子宫内膜异位症诊断价值的探讨

目的探讨血清抗子宫内膜抗体（EMAb）和糖类抗原CA125水平对子宫内膜异位症的诊断价值。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法和化学发光免疫分析法分别检测45例子宫内膜异位症患者血清EMAb和CA125水平,并和40例正常健康人作比较。结果子宫内膜异位症患者血清EMAb和CA125阳性率和检测值均显著高于对照组;血清EM-Ab及CA125联合测定的敏感性及特异性分别为57.78%及100%;治疗1个月后复查EMAb阳性率、CA125水平均有明显下降。结论测定血清EMAb和CA125水平对子宫内膜异位症有一定的诊断价值,亦有助于子宫内膜异位症的疗效判断,联合测定EMAb和CA125水平更能提高诊断价值。     

血清学指标及自身抗体检测诊断子宫内膜异位症的价值研究简

目的 探讨血清癌抗原125（CA125）及抗子宫内膜抗体（EMAb）检测对子宫内膜异位症的诊断价值.方法 选择2010年3月至2012年6月收治的156例子宫内膜异位症作为子宫内膜异位症组,另选择同期156例非子宫内膜异位症患者作为对照组,分别采用放射免疫法和酶联免疫吸附法测定两组血清中CA125及EmAb 水平,并比较两组患者的检测结果.结果 子宫内膜异位症组CA125、EmAb的阳性率分别为58.33%和61.54%;对照组CA125、EmAb的阳性率分别为12.82%和14.10%;子宫内膜异位症组阳性率均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;若二者联合检测,诊断子宫内膜异位症的敏感性为51.92%,特异性高达100%.结论 血清CA125及 EmAb检测均对子宫内膜异位症的诊断具有临床价值,联合检测能显著提高诊断的准确性.     

HE4与CA125联合检测在子宫内膜异位症患者的临床应用

目的探讨血清附睾蛋白4(HE4)、癌抗原125(CA125)单项及联合检测在子宫内膜异位症鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析105例卵巢子宫内膜异位症患者(内异症组)、53例卵巢恶性肿瘤患者(卵巢恶性肿瘤组)、64例体检健康者(对照组)血清HE4与CA125水平。结果子宫内膜异位症组、卵巢恶性肿瘤组和对照组血清HE4阳性率分别为57.1%、90.6%和12.5%,三者比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。子宫内膜异位症组、卵巢恶性肿瘤组和对照组血清CA125阳性率分别为44.8%、92.5%和14.1%,三者比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。70pmol/L≤HE4150pmol/L诊断子宫内膜异位症灵敏度、特异度分别为57.14%和53.86%;35U/mL≤CA125150U/mL诊断子宫内膜异位症灵敏度、特异度分别为44.76%,61.24%;两者联合检测,灵敏度和特异度达70.32%和60.38%,三者比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血清CA125及HE4阳性率在子宫内膜异位症患者中明显升高,二者联合测定可进一步提高诊断的灵敏度。     

血清CA125和CA199水平对子宫内膜异位症诊断价值的探讨

目的探讨血清CA125和CA199水平对子宫内膜异位症的诊断价值。方法应用化学发光免疫分析法分别测定45例子宫内膜异位症患者血清CA125和CA199水平，并和40例正常健康人作比较。结果子宫内膜异位症患者血清CA125和CA199检测值和阳性率均显著高于对照组；血清CA125及CA199联合测定的敏感性及特异性分别为57．78％及100％；治疗1个月后复查CA125、CA199水平均有明显下降。结论测定子宫内膜异位症患者血清CA125和CA199水平对子宫内膜异位症有一定的诊断价值，亦有助于子宫内膜异位症的疗效判断，联合测定CA125和CA199水平更能提高诊断价值。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.