从海南岛200份猪粪便标本中分离耶氏菌

采用ＣＩＮ琼脂，从海南岛２００份猪粪便分离小肠结肠炎耶氏茵２株，中间型耶氏菌３株。分离率为２．５％。从猪粪便分离小肠结肠炎耶氏苗是省内首次报导。分离中间型耶氏菌具有国内先进性。     

自猪盲肠检出一株小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的报告

小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌是人畜共患的病原菌,能引起小儿腹泻、急慢性胃肠炎、败血症和类阑尾炎等。在猪体分离耶氏菌阳性率较高。我区卫生防疫站已在人和猪体中分别检出此菌。我们为了解我县家畜猪体携带耶氏菌的情况,于1984年8月间采集标本72份,结果检出一株小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌,现报告如下。     

改良血琼脂的评价与应用

目的 :评价改进配方后的血琼脂平皿细菌分离效果 ,将之应用于临床标本的检测 ,提高苛养菌的检出 ,借以提高总体阳性率。方法 :对 2 9株已知分别来自不同科属的细菌进行GI值的测定和比较 ;采用羊血琼脂和改良血琼脂对2 0 0 0份临床标本 (大便标本除外 )进行测试 ,统计和比较苛养菌的分离率差异及细菌在这两种培养基上的菌落特征一致率。结果 :2 9株已知菌在改良血琼脂培养基上的GI值明显高于传统羊血琼脂培养基 (t =6.72 ,P <0 .0 0 1)。对 2 0 0 0份标本苛养菌的分离率 ,改良血琼脂明显高于羊血琼脂 ( χ2 =394,P <0 .0 5 ) ;细菌菌落特征一致率 96 7%。结论 :改良血琼脂培养基的分离率高且不改变菌落特征。使用该培养基可有效提高分离率 ,大大减少苛养菌的漏检     

112例急性乳腺脓肿细菌培养和药敏结果分析

为了解急性乳腺脓肿细菌分布及药物敏感性，供临床合理使用抗生素。我们抽取112份脓液标本，选择性接种血琼脂平板、巧克力琼脂平板、麦康凯琼脂平板做细菌培养，对病原菌用API鉴定条鉴定到种，并用K-B法作药物敏感试验。分离病原菌96株，阳性率为85．7％，现对结果进行分析报告如下。     

从粪便标本中分离一株小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌

本文报告1983年从粪便标本中分出一例小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌(Yersinia enterocolitica)该菌在SS 琼脂平板上,以普通培养法发现生长出无色透明,大小一致,直径约0.5mm 的菌落。与沙门氏菌属因子血清及志贺氏菌属诊断血清等均无凝集,而与小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌0:3因子血清发生较强的凝集,经形态学、培养特性、生化试验、噬菌体裂解试验等鉴定,结果属小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌生物3型。表明在本地区成人中有耶氏菌存在。该菌的分离在感染腹泻的粪便常规病学检查中应予重视。     

云南省西部地区5岁以下腹泻儿童感染致病性小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌调查

目的 了解云南西部地区≤5岁腹泻儿童小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌的感染水平及病原学特征，为儿童感染性腹泻防治提供依据。方法 采集2020—2021年在大理大学第一附属医院就诊的≤5岁腹泻儿童粪便标本，同时收集病例临床特征信息，标本冷增菌后利用耶尔森菌选择培养平板分离小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌，通过生物分型、血清学分型及毒力基因检测分析菌株病原学特征。结果 共采集397份腹泻粪便标本，在3份标本中检出7株耶尔森菌，耶尔森菌感染率为0.76%(3/397)。3份耶尔森菌阳性标本中，第212号标本检出2株弗氏或中间型耶尔森菌，第24号和第226号标本中检出5株的耶尔森菌均为小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌，其中第24号标本检出2株小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌，为生物1A型，毒力基因检测为：ail-、ystA-、ystB+、yadA-、virF-，为非致病性小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌；第226号标本检出3株小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌，为生物3型、血清O∶3型（rfbc+），毒力基因检测为：ail+、ystA+、ystB-、yadA+、virF+，为致病性小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌。小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌感染率为0.50%(2/397),致病性小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌检...     

小肠结肠炎耶氏菌0：10,0：6.0：9和0：7,13血清型的病原性实验研究

目的 从健康人群、不同种动物、食品和腹泻病人分离的１０４株小肠结肠炎耶氏菌中寻找致病血清型。方法 用吡嗪酰胺酶活性试验、自凝性试验、钙依赖性实验和质粒的检测试验检验小肠结肠炎耶氏菌０：１０、０：６、０：９和０：７，１３血清型菌的致病性。结果０：９血清型为致病菌，０：１０、０：６和０：７，１３血清型为非致病菌。结论 宁夏分布的致病性小肠结肠炎耶氏菌以０：９血清型为主。     

洋葱伯克霍尔德菌在几种肠道选择性培养基上的生长比较及对VITEK鉴定的影响

目的：了解洋葱伯克霍尔德菌在几种肠道选择性培养基上的生长及使用不同肠道选择性培养基对VITEK-32鉴定的影响。方法：将洋葱伯克霍尔德菌接种在基础琼脂、麦康凯、中国蓝和伊红美蓝上培养24～36h后相互转种观察生长情况,同时使用VITEK-32配套的NFC、GNI＋鉴定卡对临床分离株对后3种培养基上的菌落进行鉴定各1次,对一株质控菌株取各培养基上各阶段菌龄连续鉴定10次。结果：VITEK对洋葱伯克霍尔德菌临床分离株在中国蓝上的鉴定准确率较高,为97.37%,其次为伊红美蓝85.53%,麦康凯为77.63%。质控株在基础琼脂和中国蓝上各阶段菌龄VITEK均能正确鉴定,而伊红美蓝和麦康凯在菌龄42h之后鉴定能力差。结论：VITEK-32对中国蓝上的洋葱伯克霍尔德菌的鉴定准确率较高,使用中国蓝作为常规培养基可提高临床对该菌的检出率。     

应用山梨糖—伊红美蓝培养基分离肠出血性大肠埃希菌O157：H7的探讨

目的：探讨应用山梨糖－伊红美蓝培养基分离肠出血性大肠埃面菌Ｏ１５７：Ｈ７的新途径。方法：用标准野生株肠出血性大肠埃镣菌８８２３６４，以山梨醇－麦康凯培养基（ＳＭＡＣ）作对照，进行细菌的分离培养及菌落计数。结果：肠出血性大肠希菌Ｏ１５７：Ｈ７在ＳＥＭＢ培养基上生长较在ＳＭＡＣ培养基上快。在菌落计数方面二者无显著差异。     

洋葱伯克霍尔德菌临床分离及其耐药性检测

①目的探讨不同肠道选择性培养基对检出洋葱伯克霍尔德菌的影响及其耐药性。②方法将标本同时接种于麦康凯平板、中国兰平板，培养24—36小时，对可疑菌落分剐使用NFC和GNI＋鉴定卡上VITEK32AMS进行鉴定和药敏试验。③结果从临床与门诊患者中共分离出洋葱伯克霍尔德菌39株，其中麦康凯能分离到16例。对16种抗生素敏感性测试结果显示，哌拉西林／他唑巴坦对洋葱伯克霍德菌的抗菌活性最高，为84．61％；其次为复方新诺明，敏感率69．23％；第3是左旋氧氟沙星和头孢吡肟，敏感性均为58．97％；头孢他啶排在第4位，敏感性为53、85％，其余抗生素敏感性均（40％。（多结论洋葱伯克霍尔德菌是一种高度天然耐药的重要的院内感染致病菌，为有效治疗和预防其感染，应进行动态细菌监测，使用中国兰琼脂作为常规培养基可提高临床对该菌的检出率。     

Yersinia enterocolitica infection in children

The role of Yersinia enterocolitica as a human pathogen has been documented in publications from over 30 countries, and Y. enterocolitica has been recognized increasingly to cause gastrointestinal disease in children. In 1979, an Australian survey yielded only three isolates of Y. enterocolitica from 3298 faecal specimens obtained from adults. We screened all stool specimens received during a 22-month period for Yersinia by means of a recently developed selective agar medium. Y. enterocolitica was isolated from 32 of 4136 (0.7%) specimens. Most isolates were of serotype O:3, biotype 4. During the study, 154 Salmonella spp. (3.7%), 196 Campylobacter spp. (47%), seven Shigella spp. (0.2%) and 27 Aeromonas spp. (0.9% of 2779) were recovered. Children infected with Y. enterocolitica presented with acute diarrhoea associated with fever and pharyngitis; chronic or recurrent diarrhoea; or pain in the right iliac fossa associated with mesenteric adenitis. Gastrointestinal symptoms usually resolved spontaneously within two weeks. However, some children were treated successfully with cotrimoxazole.     

Yersinia enterocolitica. Isolation from faeces of adults and children in Queensland

Over a 22-month period, all 5075 faecal specimens received by the microbiology laboratory of the Mater Misericordiae Public Hospital, Brisbane, were screened for the presence of Yersinia enterocolitica by culturing on cefsulodinirgasan-novobiocin agar medium. Y. enterocolitica was isolated from 37 patients (0.7% of all specimens). Ten patients were 10 years of age or older, and presented predominantly with pain in the abdomen; of these, five underwent an appendicectomy. Mesenteric adenitis was diagnosed histologically in three patients and Y. enterocolitica was isolated from a lymph-node biopsy specimen in one of these. The other 27 patients were under 5 years of age, and presented predominantly with diarrhoea of 24 hours' to six weeks' duration. In seven cases, another recognized faecal pathogen was also isolated. The isolation rate of Y. enterocolitica was one-quarter that of Salmonella and seven times that of Shigella.     

丽江市家犬中致病性耶尔森菌流行病学调查

目的 了解丽江市鼠疫疫源地内家犬中携带致病性耶尔森菌的流行情况及其病原学特征。方法 选择丽江市古城区和玉龙县各2个乡镇,逐户采集犬肛拭子及血液标本。肛拭子经4 ℃冷增菌后,采用耶尔森选择培养基对小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌、鼠疫耶尔森菌和假结核耶尔森菌三种致病性耶尔森菌进行分离;对所分菌株再进行生化鉴定、生物分型、血清分型和毒力基因型检测;对血液标本进行鼠疫F1抗体的检测。结果 共采集467份肛拭子,分离到4株小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌,未分离到鼠疫耶尔森菌及假结核耶尔森菌;4株小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌中,2株为O∶3血清型和非1A生物型,毒力基因齐全为致病株;另2株为1A生物型血清型未定,毒力基因阴性为非致病株;467份血液标本中26份为F1抗体阳性,其中1份阳性标本与1份分离到小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌的肛拭子来自同一只家犬。结论 丽江市家犬中携带小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌,且有致病性菌株;此外,在一只家犬中,发现存在着鼠疫耶尔森菌与小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌共感染的现象。     

安徽省六安市家禽家畜粪便中小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌的病原学研究

目的 通过对安徽省六安市家禽家畜粪便中小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌的病原学研究及流行病学分析,了解六安市家禽家畜感染的小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌的病原学特性和分布规律,为在六安市开展该菌的防控提供科学依据。方法 2015—2018年采集猪、狗、鸭、鹅等动物的粪便663份,进行小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌分离培养,对分离得到的菌株进行生化鉴定、血清型分型以及毒力基因等检测。结果 本项研究监测的663份家禽家畜粪便中,小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌总检出率为12.22%,其中猪粪的检出率最高,为23.49%,其他家禽家畜粪便中均有该菌的检出;猪粪的检出率与总检出率相比差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）,而各种粪便在各年度之间检出率差异无统计学意义;在致病性菌株中猪粪检出株占总致病性菌株的95.83%;致病性血清型主要为O:3型;致病性菌株毒力基因分布主要为基因Ⅲ型,基因Ⅲ型占总致病性基因型菌株的91.67%。结论 小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌在六安市家禽家畜粪便中普遍存在,该菌在家猪粪便的检出率最高,且致病性菌株携带率最高,致病性血清型为O:3型和O:9型。     

Relationship between Schistosoma haematobium infection and urinary tract infection among children in South Eastern, Nigeria

BACKGROUND: Reports of studies on the relationship between Schistosoma haematobium and urinary tract infection from different regions are conflicting. Hence, the need to determine the situation in each endemic area. OBJECTIVE: To determine if S. haematobium infection is associated with Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) among children in an endemic area of Cross River State, Nigeria. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Mid-stream urine specimen was collected under strict aseptic procedures into wide-mouthed screw-capped sterile plastic containers. All the specimens were kept in a cooler at approximately 4 degrees C for 5-10 hr before delivery to the laboratory. Urine microscopy was carried out by gram staining and urine was cultured using blood agar and Mac Conkey agar plates. Collection of urine specimens for schistosoma ova was done between 10.00 am and 2.00 pm when ova count of S. haematobium is expected to be at its peak. RESULTS: Prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis was 51.0%. One hundred and seventy five (77.4%) of those infected had mild intensity of infection (<49 ova/10 ml). Significant bacteriuria was found in 2(0.9%) of the 226 children with urinary schistosomiasis and in 4(1.8%) of the 217 children without urinary schistosomiasis RR(95%CI) = 0.48 (0.089-2.59) P > 0.68. CONCLUSION: This study has found the prevalence rate of urinary Schistosomiasis in this community to be 51% and no significant difference in the prevalence of UTI among children with urinary schistosomiasis and those without. However, considering the high prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis seen in this study, urgent control measures should be instituted to address this public health problem.     

三种沙门菌分离培养基的性能评价

目的对XLD琼脂、SS琼脂、HE琼脂3种沙门菌分离培养基的性能进行评价。方法选取3个不同批次的待测样品,以生长率、选择性和特异性为测试指标,分别重复测定20次。结果标准菌株鼠伤寒沙门菌CMCC(B)50115和福氏志贺菌CMCC(B)51572在SS琼脂、XLD琼脂、HE琼脂上三批次培养基中的生长率均大于0.5,且三批次间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);亚利桑那沙门菌CMCC(B)47001在XLD琼脂上三批次培养基中的生长率均在0.9以上,三批次间差异亦无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3株目标菌在受试三批次培养基上均呈现正常的生理生化特性,形成具特征性的菌落。粪肠球菌ATCC29212在3种培养基上生长均受抑制。结论根据ISO/TS11133.2-2003培养基的性能评价标准判断,XLD琼脂、SS琼脂、HE琼脂培养基均符合标准要求,整体性能稳定、一致。     

四种初筛试验检测耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌的评价

目的评价四种初筛试验检测耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌(MRS)的价值。方法收集临床分离金黄色葡萄球菌100株、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌51株,分别进行头孢西丁纸片、MHA中添加4%NaCl的头孢西丁纸片、MHA中添加2%NaCl的苯唑西林纸片、苯唑西林-盐琼脂,以PBP2a胶乳凝集作为MRS检测标准,按CLSI2006版标准操作和判读结果。结果对于金黄色葡萄球菌,头孢西丁纸片、MHA中添加4%NaCl的头孢西丁纸片、MHA中添加2%NaCl的苯唑西林纸片、苯唑西林-盐琼脂检测MRS灵敏度和特异性分别为96.3%和100.0%、85.2%和100.0%、77.8%和100.0%、92.6%和94.5%,其中2株苯唑西林-盐琼脂24h未生长但延长至48h生长,48h内敏感性100.0%;对于凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌,四种方法检测MRS灵敏度和特异性分别为97.8%和80.0%、95.6%和80.0%、95.6%和80.0%、100.0%和80.0%(P>0.05)。结论四种方法均能可靠检测MRS,头孢西丁纸片和苯唑西林-盐琼脂具有较高应用价值。     

幽门弯曲菌培养特性探讨

本文用多种培养基分别加入血清、脱纤维血、维生素、葡萄糖、活性炭和淀粉分离培养幽门弯曲菌,并与直接镜检、脲酶试验比较。该菌在心脑血琼脂平板上生长良好,在血清琼脂、普通血琼脂、空弯血琼脂上几乎不生长。加入活性炭和淀粉能提高检出率。加入维生素K_1和葡萄糖能显著提高检出率,菌落明显增多,与直接镜检基本一致