Study of hepatic venous wedge and intraperitoneal pressures in cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites treated by dialytic ultrafiltration

Abstract Three cirrhotic patients with intractable ascites and one patient with malignant ascites received dialytic ultrafiltration of ascitic fluid by a haemofilter system for symptomatic relief. The haemofilter removes fluid and substances with a molecular weight less than 50 000 daltons and the concentrated ascitic fluid was reinfused into the pertioneal cavity after ultrafiltration. The changes in intraperitoneal and hepatic venous wedge pressures were studied in these patients. Dialytic ultrafiltration of ascites was associated with a parallel fall of both intraperitoneal and hepatic venous wedge pressures in cirrhotic patients but not in the patient with malignant ascites. The intraperitoneal and hepatic venous wedge pressures remained low for 18 h after completion of dialytic ultrafiltration. The mean arterial pressure and central venous pressure remained unchanged despite rapid removal of ascitic fluid. The interrelationships between the intraperitoneal pressure, hepatic venous wedge pressure, and vascular volume are discussed.     

热灌注基础上腹腔内贝伐珠单抗联合化疗治疗恶性腹水的临床观察

目的观察在热灌注的基础上腹腔内注射贝伐珠单抗(安维汀)联合腔内化疗治疗恶性腹水患者的疗效和安全性。方法 57例恶性腹水患者在热灌注的基础上随机分为腔内贝伐珠单抗联合化疗治疗组(治疗组)和腔内单纯化疗治疗组(对照组)。治疗前均先排尽腹水,以43～45.0℃灭菌0.9%生理盐水注入腹腔,持续有效循环40 min以上,排尽灌注液后治疗组在腹腔内注入贝伐珠单抗300 mg和氟尿嘧啶1 g。对照组除不加入贝伐珠单抗外,其余同治疗组。结果在可评价的57例患者中,治疗组总有效率为85.71%,对照组58.62%,P<0.05。全组患者耐受良好,无严重不良反应。结论热灌注基础上腹腔内贝伐珠单抗联合化疗治疗恶性腹水优于腔内单纯化疗且安全可靠。     

肝癌腹水浓缩回输联合腔内治疗的临床观察

探讨肝癌伴张力性腹水时腹腔灌注治疗的疗效。晚期肝癌伴大量腹水 6 0例 ,随机分为三组 ,A组 (2 2例 )采用腹水超滤浓缩自体腹腔回输联合腔内化疗和生物调节治疗。B组 (2 0例 )采用腹水超滤浓缩自体腹腔回输和腔内化疗。C组 (18例 )治疗性放腹水和腔内化疗。经体检 ,B超 ,生化检查判断治疗前后腹水改善情况。疗程结束时总有效率分别为A组 85 % ,B组 5 5 % ,C组 38%。腹水自体回输可增加血清蛋白含量 ,提高胶体渗透压 ,有效防止腹水增长。联合腔内化疗可有效控制腹水 ,改善一般状况、肾功能、血浆肾素—血管紧张素—醛固酮代谢及尿钠排泄。且无明显毒副作用。腹水浓缩回输联合腔内化疗及生物调节治疗对控制肝癌伴张力性腹水有一定疗效 ,可提高患者生存质量 ,是一种安全可靠、值得推广的方法。     

腹水超滤浓缩回输腹腔术治疗肝硬化顽固性腹水疗效分析

目的 探讨腹水超滤浓缩回输腹腔术治疗肝硬化顽固性腹水的疗效.方法 将56 例肝硬化顽固性腹水患者随机分为2 组,均给予保肝、利尿及抗病毒治疗.在此基础上,对治疗组行腹水超滤浓缩回输腹腔术加小剂量人血白蛋白静脉滴注(静滴)(每滤出1000 ml 腹水,静滴人血白蛋白4 g),对对照组行大量放腹水加大剂量人血白蛋白静滴(每抽出1000 ml 腹水,静滴人血白蛋白8 g).结果 术后第14 天,治疗组患者24 h 尿量、血清ALB 水平均高于对照组(P 均＜0.05),且治疗组总有效率高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 腹水超滤浓缩回输腹腔术是一种安全有效的治疗肝硬化顽固性腹水的方法.     

Evaluation of fibronectin as a marker of malignant ascites

The aim of the study was to assess the accuracy of fibronectin, a glycoprotein, for the diagnosis of malignant ascites and to compare it with conventional parameters. Ascitic fluid samples from 50 patients, 25 with intra-abdominal malignancy and 25 without it were analysed for total protein concentration, fluid/serum protein ratio, glucose concentration, leucocyte count, pH, fibronectin concentration (by ELISA) and for malignant cell cytology. Twenty-two of the 25 patients with ascites and intra-abdominal malignancy had documented peritoneal metastases in group A. The 25 patients with non-malignant ascites constituted group B. Mean values of ascitic fluid fibronectin, for groups A and B were 538 +/- 46 micrograms/mL and 60 +/- 4.92 micrograms/mL, respectively (P less than 0.001). Within the group with malignant ascites, patients who had positive malignant cytology (n = 12) exhibited a significantly higher ascitic fluid fibronectin concentration than patients with negative cytology (P less than 0.05). While mean ascitic fluid protein concentration showed a significant difference (P less than 0.01) between the two groups, there was no difference in respect to ascitic fluid pH, glucose concentration and leucocyte count. Malignant cell cytology was positive in 54.5% of group A patients with no false positive report in group B. The diagnostic accuracy for differentiating malignant from non-malignant ascites was 100% for a fibronectin value of greater than or equal to 110 micrograms/mL as compared with 78.7% for ascitic fluid protein concentration greater than or equal to 0.5 g/dL, 57.4% for leucocyte count greater than or equal to 1000/mm3, 59.6% for pH less than 7.45 and 78.7% for malignant cell cytology.     

博莱霉素联合局部热疗治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床观察

目的观察博莱霉素联合局部热疗治疗非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)恶性胸腔积液的临床疗效。方法将50例NSCLC恶性胸腔积液的患者随机分为两组,采用胸腔穿刺术置入中心静脉导管引流胸腔积液,待排尽胸腔积液后,对照组给予胸腔灌注博莱霉素,实验组在对照组的基础上给予患者局部热疗,比较两组治疗情况、毒副反应及生活质量改善情况。结果两组患者治疗后,实验组患者的生活质量KPS评分及控制胸水的总有效率均明显高于对照组(P0.05),且不良反应明显少于对照组(P0.05)。结论博莱霉素联合局部热疗治疗NSCLC恶性胸腔积液具有协同作用,值得临床推广。     

腹腔热灌注化疗联合全身化疗治疗老年癌性腹水的临床研究

目的研究草酸铂腹腔热灌注联合5-氟脲嘧啶/亚叶酸钙(5-FU/LV)方案治疗老年癌性腹水的疗效及不良反应。方法40例癌性腹水病人,随机分为2组,治疗组21例采用草酸铂腹腔热灌注。灌注后行腹腔深部热疗,使其温度控制于41℃~43℃,持续90min。腹腔化疗后第2天起予以5-FU/LV方案行全身化疗。对照组19例单用顺铂腹腔灌注化疗,并行5-FU/LV方案行全身化疗。2周期后评价疗效。结果治疗组和对照组有效率分别为71.4%和36.8%(P<0.05)。主要不良反应为急性腹痛、恶心、呕吐以及骨髓抑制,2组间无显著性差异。结论草酸铂腹腔热灌注化疗联合5-FU/LV方案治疗老年性癌性腹水效果较好,且不良反应可耐受。     

Cyclic induction chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide,vincristine, prednisone,and bleomycin of high-grade malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas according to the kiel classification

Summary Seventeen of 22 patients suffering from high-grade malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas according to the Kiel classification were subjected to a cyclic induction chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, and bleomycin. In 10 of 16 evaluable patients a complete remission, and in 3 of 16 a partial remission could be obtained. The mean remission time of patients with complete remission exceeds 13 months, that of patients with partial remission is 2.5 months. In 3 of 16 cases a remission could not be achieved. As 9 of the 10 patients in whom a complete remission could be obtained are alive, the median survival time in cases of complete remission is still unknown. The toxicity consisted especially in alopecia in 8 of 16 and in leukopenia in 9 of 16 patients. In one case pneumonia was observed, while a chronic bleomycin lung could not be clinically detected in any case. Four of 16 treated and evaluable patients died, 3 of 4 from tumor progression 1 of 4 from a pulmonary embolism following the opening of an abscess of the abdominal wall. In the last-mentioned case, autopsy also revealed a continuous complete remission of the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In 1 of the 4 patients who died, a bleomycin lung could be rendered likely by autopsy.     

托拉塞米治疗恶性腹水临床疗效观察

[目的]观察托拉塞米治疗恶性腹水的临床疗效及其安全性。[方法]:将178例恶性腹水患者随机分为试验组和对照组,试验组口服托拉塞米片40mg,次/d;对照组口服速尿片80mg+安体舒通片200mg,次/d;2组均连用2周。观察2组患者治疗前后的尿量、腹围、血钾及血尿酸变化,评估总体疗效及安全性。[结果]2组患者治疗后的尿量均较治疗前明显增多,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);试验组尿量增加的幅度为(754.3±522.7)ml/24h,明显高于对照组的(364.8±465.2)ml/24h(P0.05)。2组患者治疗后的腰围均比治疗前明显缩小(P0.01),且试验组缩小的程度明显大于对照组,其差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。试验组的总体有效率(77.17%)显著高于对照组(47.67%),差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。对照组治疗后无血钾降低,但出现高尿酸血症;试验组治疗后血钾及血尿酸均无明显改变。[结论]托拉塞米在治疗恶性腹水的疗效及安全性方面均明显优于传统的呋塞米+安体舒通组合。     

博莱霉素、丝裂霉素、香菇多糖治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床研究

目的比较三种不同药物治疗恶性胸腔积液的有效性及副作用。方法选取2012年7月到2014年6月,恶性胸腔积液患者93例,先行胸腔中心静脉置管穿刺及积液引流后,采用向腔内注射博莱霉素、丝裂霉素、香菇多糖三种药物治疗恶性胸腔积液;B超评价治疗效果;为减轻不良反应,增加患者的耐受度,注射前注入2%利多卡因5 ml。结果博莱霉素组与香菇多糖组有效率分别为84.37%与87.1%,两组间没有显著性差异(P0.05),丝裂霉素有效率为50%,与博莱霉素组及香菇多糖组有显著差异(P0.05)。结论香菇多糖与博莱霉素在治疗恶性胸腔积液中有很好的治疗效果,优于丝裂霉素,而且香菇多糖副作用相对较少。     

Treatment of cirrhotic ascites by dialytic ultrafiltration with a hemofilter system

Dialytic ultrafiltration with a hemofilter was performed in 21 cirrhotic patients with intractable ascites refractory to sodium restriction and diuretic therapy. A continuous flow of ascitic fluid at a rate of 300-400 ml/min through a hemofilter was maintained by the use of a single-head blood pump. The protein-rich ascitic fluid was reinfused into the peritoneal cavity, whereas sodium and water were filtered and removed. An average of 6.8 liters of filtrate was removed over an averaged period of 4.4 h. The new technique is simple, safe, and cost-effective as compared with conventional treatment of paracentesis. Rapid relief of symptom related to intractable ascites could readily be achieved. These patients remained hemodynamically stable, and no major complications such as hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome, and variceal bleeding were experienced.     

联合检测血清-腹水白蛋白梯度和腹水端粒酶对恶性腹水的诊断意义

探讨联合检测血清-腹水白蛋白梯度(SAAG)和腹水端粒酶对恶性腹水的诊断价值.病理学诊断作为金标准,腹水标本分为试验组(18例)和对照组(26例),测SAAG(SAAG＜11g/L定为阳性)及端粒酶活性,分别计算两组的SAAG均值及端粒酶OD均值、阳性例数、阳性率;如果将任意一项阳性作为诊断标准,灵敏度为88.9%,特异度为65.4%;如果将两项均为阳性作为诊断标准,灵敏度降为50%,但特异度为100%;联合检测SAAG和腹水端粒酶能显著地提高恶性腹水检出率.     

腹水超滤浓缩回输腹腔治疗肝硬化顽固性腹水疗效评价

目的 评估腹水超滤浓缩回输腹腔术治疗肝炎肝硬化顽固性腹水患者临床疗效。方法75例肝硬化顽固性腹水患者分为治疗组（50例）和对照组（25例）,两组患者均采用保肝、利尿、对症、支持等常规治疗,疗程4周。对照组在常规治疗基础上,采用多次治疗性腹穿放液治疗;治疗组在常规治疗基础上,采用腹水超滤浓缩回输腹腔治疗,观察并比较两组治疗后体重、腹围、24h尿量和尿钠排出量、肝功能、肾功能、血电解质及不良反应。结果治疗4周后治疗组腹围、体重、24h尿量优于对照组（P〈0．01）;血清白蛋白、肾小球滤过率及24h尿钠量高于对照组（P〈0．01）,肌酐、胱抑素c水平低于对照组（P〈0．05。P〈0．01）;治疗组显效率（48．0％）和总有效率（80．0％）明显好于对照组（24．0％和52．0％）（P〈0．05）：两组均未出现严重不良反应。结论腹水超滤浓缩回输腹腔术治疗肝硬化顽固性腹水患者临床疗效优于多次治疗性腹穿放液。     

Chemotherapy with laparoscope-assisted continuous circulatory hyperthermic intraperitoneal perfusion for malignant ascites

AIM:To investigate the procedure, feasibility and effects of laparoscopeassisted continuous circulatory hyperthermic intraperitoneal perfusion chemotherapy (CHIPC) in treatment of malignant ascites induced by peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastric cancers. METHODS: From August 2006 to March 2008, the laparoscopic approach was used to perform CHIPC on 16 patients with malignant ascites induced by gastric cancer or postoperative intraperitoneal seeding. Each patient underwent CHIPC three times after laparosco...     

Treatment of malignant ascites in patients with advanced cancer: peritoneovenous shunt versus paracentesis

BACKGROUND: Malignant ascites in patients with advanced cancer is often difficult to treat and effective palliation is not achieved. METHODS: We performed peritoneovenous shunt (PVS) placement in patients with malignant ascites, who were admitted to our institution between January 2000 and March 2005. The outcome of PVS placement was compared with paracentesis as a treatment option during the same period. Comparisons included changes in abdominal girth, hematocrit (Hct), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) measurements before and after PVS placement. The number of procedures, changes in the postoperative performance score, the median survival, possibility of discharge, and complications were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Twenty patients underwent PVS placement and 49 patients were subjected to paracentesis. After PVS, abdominal girth and Hct decreased significantly. BUN and Cr tended to decrease. The median number of procedures was less in the PVS group than in the paracentesis group (one vs two, respectively; P < 0.0001). The postoperative performance score showed a significant improvement following PVS placement (P = 0.0026). Median survival was significantly longer for patients undergoing PVS placement than for those undergoing paracentesis (42 days vs 18 days, respectively; P = 0.003). The rate of possible discharge was significantly higher for patients undergoing PVS placement (P = 0.0076). Severe complications were observed in one patient in the PVS group and in seven patients in the paracentesis group. CONCLUSIONS: PVS placement provides an effective treatment option for patients with refractory malignant ascites in advanced cancer, and yields a higher likelihood of discharge compared with conventional paracentesis.     

爱迪注射液联合顺铂、地塞米松治疗癌性胸水的疗效观察

目的探讨局部爱迪注射液联合顺铂、地塞米松胸腔内注射对癌性胸腔积液患者的疗效。方法46例癌性胸腔积液患者随机分为两组,治疗组爱迪注射液联合顺铂、地塞米松胸腔内注射;对照组顺铂加地塞米松胸腔注射;治疗两组胸水吸收、症状改善等情况。结果观察组胸水吸收、症状改善情况均优于对照组,两组比较差异显著(P<0.05)。结论顺铂联合地塞米松、爱迪注射液治疗癌性胸水疗效明显。     

复方苦参注射液联合顺铂治疗肝癌并发血性腹水患者的临床观察

目的:观察复方苦参注射液联合顺铂腹腔注射治疗肝癌并发血性腹水患者的临床疗效。方法:将87例肝癌并发血性腹水患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组患者给予复方苦参注射液联合顺铂腹腔注射治疗,对照组患者采用顺铂腹腔注射治疗,2次/周,共6次。两组患者均以中心静脉导管腹腔内置管,且尽量排尽腹水。6次腹腔注射结束后评价两组患者的近期疗效、生活质量及不良反应。结果:治疗组患者近期疗效(CR+PR/n)有效率22.7%,与对照组有效率20.9%比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗组患者血性腹水颜色明显变淡,生活质量改善优于对照组(P<0.01)。治疗组患者骨髓抑制、恶心呕吐等不良反应发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:复方苦参注射液联合顺铂腹腔注射治疗肝癌并发血性腹水患者能提高生活质量,减轻化疗的不良反应,值得临床推广。     

特利加压素联合前列地尔辅助腹水超滤浓缩回输治疗肝硬化并发难治性腹水患者疗效分析*

目的 探讨应用特利加压素联合前列地尔辅助腹水超滤浓缩回输治疗肝硬化并发难治性腹水患者的临床效果。方法 2017年3月～2018年6月我院感染病科住院治疗的104例肝硬化并发难治性腹水患者被随机分为腹水回输治疗组52例和综合治疗组52例,分别给予腹水超滤浓缩回输腹腔治疗,综合治疗组则在此基础上加用前列地尔和特利加压素治疗。观察6个月。结果 治疗后一周,综合治疗组门静脉血流速度(Vpv)和脾静脉血流速度(Vsv)分别为(25.6±1.5)cm/s和(27.3±2.7)cm/s,显著快于腹水回输组【分别为(21.4±1.3)cm/s和(25.4±2.1)cm/s, P<0.05】;治疗后,综合治疗组血清一氧化氮、内皮素-1和内毒素水平分别为(13.4±2.1)μmol/L、(53.2±10.3)pg/mL和(31.4±13.2)pg/mL,与腹水回输组【分别为(16.2±2.3)μmol/L、(68.3±12.6)pg/mL和(49.5±14.1)pg/mL,P<0.05】比,差异显著;治疗后,综合治疗组腹围、腹水量和24 h尿量分别为(98.6±7.2)cm、(35.2±9.3)mm和(1531.4±234.2)mL,与腹水回输组【分别为(102.7±6.4)cm、(48.3±11.5)mm和(1249.5±215.1)mL, P<0.05】比,差异显著;治疗后6个月,综合治疗组腹水消退35例(67.3%),显著高于腹水浓缩回输组的14例(26.9%,P<0.05)。结论 应用特利加压素联合前列地尔辅助腹水超滤浓缩回输腹腔治疗肝硬化并发难治性腹水患者具有较好的临床治疗效果,可显著改善患者血液微循环和肝肾功能,有助于促进腹水消退,维持疗效。     

结直肠癌术后腹腔热灌注化疗的护理

结直肠癌是我国最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,随着诊疗技术的不断进步,其5年生存率在不断提高。然而,仍有部分患者确诊时已有腹腔种植转移或根治性术后很快出现腹腔种植转移,其5年生存率极差。目前,已有临床研究证实细胞减瘤术加腹腔热灌注化疗是治疗结直肠癌腹腔种植转移的有效方法,能有效提高结直肠癌患者的生活质量和延长生存期。本文就此对结直肠癌术后应用腹腔热灌注化疗的护理经验进行综述,为临床护理提供依据,改善患者的治疗效果,全面提高护理质量。     

DNA异倍体检测对恶性腹水诊断价值的Meta分析

目的系统评价DNA异倍体检测对恶性腹水的诊断价值。方法检索公开发表的研究流式细胞仪技术检测DNA异倍体诊断恶性腹水的文献,筛选文献,评价文献质量并提取纳入文献中有关准确度的数据,采用MetaDiSc1.4软件检验研究间的异质性、对诊断准确度指标行Meta分析及综合受试者工作特征分析。结果符合纳入标准文献7篇,涉及研究对象639例,异质性检验无阈值效应,亦不存在其他异质性。Meta分析结果示DNA异倍体检测对恶性腹水诊断的总敏感度0.77（95%C1为0.72～0.82）、总特异度0.92（95%C1为0.89～0.95）、总诊断优势比30.66（95%CI为18.80～50.00）;综合受试者工作特征曲线下面积0.929 3,Q＊指数为0.864 3。结论 DNA异倍体检测对恶性腹水的诊断准确度中等,可作为恶性腹水筛查的检查方法。