乳腺癌新辅助化疗后原发灶临床完全缓解对腋淋巴结转阴的预测作用

目的 判断腋窝淋巴结阳性乳腺癌新辅助化疗(neoadjuvant chemotherapy,NAC)后原发灶临床完全缓解能否预测腋窝淋巴结病理转阴.方法 2016年10月 ～2019年10月收治的乳腺癌病人95例,淋巴结穿刺均阳性,临床分期T1-3,N1-2期,且均完成NAC后有腋窝淋巴结清扫(axillary lym...     

乳腺癌新辅助化疗后腋窝淋巴结的变化

目的评价新辅助化疗对乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结的影响。方法45例Ⅱ、Ⅲ期乳腺癌接受新辅助化疗后手术(新辅助化疗联合手术组),根据体检、B超及钼靶像计数腋窝淋巴结总数和阳性、阴性淋巴结数,与未行新辅助化疗直接手术治疗的79例乳腺癌(直接手术组)比较,观察腋窝淋巴结的变化。结果新辅助化疗联合手术组检出腋窝总淋巴结和阳性淋巴结为(16.9±5.9)枚和(2.5±2.2)枚,显著低于直接手术组的(20.8±8.0)枚和(3.9±3.0)枚(t=-2.856,P=0.005;t=2.790,P=0.006),2组阴性淋巴结分别为(14.4±5.4)枚和(16.7±7.0)枚,无统计学差异(t=-1.904,P=0.055)。新辅助化疗联合手术组40例随访6~19个月,平均10个月;直接手术组67例随访7~21个月,平均12个月,2组各有4例复发。结论乳腺癌经新辅助化疗后行腋窝淋巴结清扫所检出的淋巴结总数和阳性淋巴结数减少。     

乳腺癌新辅助化疗后前哨淋巴结活检术的研究

目的 探讨乳腺癌病人新辅助化疗后前哨淋巴结活检的可行性。方法对2003年11月至2004年10月住院治疗中的57例Ⅱ、Ⅲ期乳腺癌病人行新辅助化疗后，临床检查腋窝淋巴结阴性行前哨淋巴结活检术（SLNB）。结果57例中检出前哨淋巴结（SLN）53例，检出率93．0％。SLN对腋窝淋巴结状况预测的敏感性为89．7％，特异性为100．0％，准确性为94．3％，阳性预测值为100．0％，阴性预测值为88．9％，假阴性率为5．7％。肿瘤对化疗反应为CR（完全缓解）、PR（部分缓解）和SD（稳定）的SLN检出率分别为100．0％、96．7％和70．0％（P〈0．01）。SLN假阴性3例均为腋窝淋巴结转移数〉4个者。结论Ⅱ、Ⅲ期乳腺癌实施新辅助化疗后。行SLNB可获得与早期乳腺癌SLNB相似的效果。     

乳腺癌新辅助化疗后前哨淋巴结活检的研究进展

在早期可手术乳腺癌病人中,前哨淋巴结活检术(sentinel lymph node biopsy,SLNB)早已替代了传统的腋窝淋巴结清扫术(axillary lymph node dissection,ALND),使腋窝淋巴结(axilla-ry lymph node,ALN)阴性的病人减少了因腋清所导致的术后上肢肿...     

淋巴结阴性乳腺癌的辅助化疗

淋巴结阴性乳腺癌是否需要辅助化疗或什么样病人应给予化疗 ,这是乳腺癌综合治疗的热点问题 ,现就有关的几个方面谈一些个人的体会。一、淋巴结阴性乳腺癌的自然病程及影响其预后的因素综合文献资料 ,在淋巴结阴性的乳腺癌病人中有约 70 %单纯通过局部治疗 (手术或加放疗 )而治     

乳腺癌新辅助化疗后行前哨淋巴结活检47例分析

新辅助化疗后前哨淋巴结活检(SLNB)是否仍有价值是当前乳腺外科领域存在争议的问题。本文总结分析我院原发性乳腺癌行新辅助化疗后SLNB情况,旨在探讨其应用价值及可行性。     

乳腺癌的新辅助化疗

随着临床和基础研究的不断深入,乳腺癌新辅助化疗逐渐成为乳腺癌临床研究中十分活跃的领域.理论上,新辅助化疗较辅助化疗有诸多优势,但多个大型临床试验结果表明,新辅助化疗并不能显著改善患者生存.许多因素可能与之有关,例如,以往的研究在最初设计时多仅根据患者临床分期来决定患者是否需要新辅助化疗,而忽视了重要生物学指标雌激素受体(ER)、Her-2等对疗效的影响,且不同研究中生物学指标的检测方法及使用的化疗方案也不一致.本文结合最近的文献资料,就生物学指标对乳腺癌新辅助化疗的影响及其他几个临床上十分关注的问题谈一些个人的体会和看法,与同行探讨.     

乳腺癌的新辅助化疗

本文回顾了有关乳腺癌新辅助化疗的临床研究，认为可使大部分原发性乳腺癌体积明显缩小，进而使80％的可手术治疗的患者能选择保留乳房术式。虽然理论上可更大程度地杀灭亚临床的微小转移灶，减少耐药细胞株的产生，但在提高这部分患者的无复发生存率及总体生存率方面尚无临床定论。     

前哨淋巴结活检在新辅助化疗乳腺癌患者中的临床研究进展

前哨淋巴结活检作为早期乳腺癌患者腋窝淋巴结分期的手段已被肿瘤学界普遍接受,而且对前哨淋巴结阴性患者可以避免腋窝淋巴结清扫术带来的不良后果。随着前哨淋巴结活检技术的发展,其适应证不断扩大,但该方法在新辅助化疗乳腺癌患者中的应用目前尚有争议。本文对新辅助化疗乳腺癌患者前哨淋巴结活检的可行生及时机选择进行综述。     

乳腺癌新辅助化疗的研究进展

近年来,新辅助化疗治疗乳腺癌的概念引起了肿瘤学界极大的兴趣。一系列正在进行的临床研究都希望这一新疗法能够从总体上增加疗效。新的化疗药物、新的影像学检查工具及某些生物学因子正日益引起广大学者的密切关注。基因表达谱也有望对新辅助化疗反应作出预测。本文对以上诸方面分别作了介绍。     

Level III axillary lymph nodes involvement in node positive breast cancer received neoadjuvant chemotherapy

ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence, associated factors and prognosis of level III node involvement for breast cancer with positive axillary lymph nodes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.MethodsA consecutive series of 521 node positive T_0–2 invasive breast cancer cases were included in this retrospective study. Axillary node metastases were proved by ultrasound guided needle biopsy (NB) if ultrasonographic abnormal node was detected or by sentinel node biopsy (SNB) if no abnormal node was detected. After 4 to 8 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT）, axillary lymph nodes dissection included level III lymph nodes were completed for each case.ResultsThe pathologic complete response rate of axillary nodes was 31.1% (90/289) in NB positive subgroup. The incidence of residual positive level III lymph nodes were 9.0% (47/521). Multivariate analysis showed that node NB positivity (OR = 2.212, 95% CI: 1.022–4.787, P = 0.044), clinical tumor size >2 cm before NCT (OR = 2.672, 95% CI: 1.170–6.098, P = 0.020), and primary tumor non-response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (OR = 1.718, 95% CI: 1.232–2.396, P = 0.001) were independent predictors of level III lymph nodes positivity. At median follow-up time of 30 months, the distant disease-free survival (DDFS) rate of level III node positive group was much lower than that of level III negative group (p = 0.011).ConclusionsAbout 9% of node positive T_0–2 breast cancer will have residual positive node in level III region after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Node positivity proved by NB, large tumor size, and primary tumor non-response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy are independent predictors of level III lymph nodes positivity.     

Accurate axillary lymph node dissection is feasible after neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Background

Recently, lower axillary lymph node retrieval after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was reported. We did not have this experience, and retrospectively analyzed our axillary lymph node dissections (ALNDs).

Methods

One hundred ninety-one patients who had ALND after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were compared with 192 patients with primary ALND after a positive sentinel node biopsy.

Results

There were no differences in the mean number of nodes retrieved between the neoadjuvant group and the primary surgery group: 16.3 (range 4-38) and 15.8 (range 6-33), respectively (P = .4); or in the retrieval of fewer than 10 lymph nodes: 13/191 (7%) and 11/192 (6%) (P = .7). The number of cases with retrieval of more than 20 lymph nodes was higher in the neoadjuvant group: 42/191 (22%) versus 26/192 (13%) (P = .03). In the neoadjuvant group, 150/191 (79%) patients had residual lymph node metastasis after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Conclusion

Our results show the feasibility and need to remove enough lymph nodes to provide precise prognostic information and adequate local control.     

Role of axillary lymph node dissection after tumor downstaging with induction chemotherapy for locally advanced breast cancer

Background: Induction chemotherapy has become the standard of care for patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) and currently is being evaluated in prospective clinical trials in patients with earlier-stage disease. To better gauge the role of axillary lymph node dissection in patients with LABC this study was performed to assess initial axillary status on physical and ultrasound examination, axillary tumor downstaging following induction chemotherapy, and the accuracy of physical examination compared with axillary sonography in predicting which patients will have axillary lymph node metastases found on pathologic examination. Methods: Between 1992 and 1996, 147 consecutive patients with LABC were registered in a prospective trial of induction chemotherapy using 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide. Physical and ultrasound examinations of the axilla were performed at diagnosis and after induction chemotherapy. Segmental resection with axillary lymph node dissection or modified radical mastectomy was performed, followed by postoperative chemotherapy and irradiation of the breast or chest wall and regional lymphatics. Results: Following induction chemotherapy, 43 (32%) of the 133 patients with clinically positive lymph nodes on initial examination had axillary tumor downstaging as assessed by physical and ultrasound examination. The sensitivity of axillary sonography in identifying axillary metastases was significantly higher than that of physical examination (62% vs. 45%,P=.012). The specificity of physical examination (84%) was higher than that of sonography (70%), but the difference did not reach statistical significance. Among the 55 patients in whom the findings of both physical and ultrasound examination of the axilla were negative following induction chemotherapy, 29 patients (53%) were found to have axillary lymph node metastases on pathologic examination of the axillary contents. However, 28 (97%) of these patients had either 1 to 3 positive lymph nodes or only micrometastases 2 to 5 mm in diameter. Conclusions: Preoperative clinical assessment of the axilla by physical examination combined with ultrasound examination is not completely accurate in predicting metastases in patients with LABC following tumor downstaging. However, patients with negative findings on both physical and ultrasound examinations of the axilla may be potential candidates for omission of axillary dissection if the axilla will be irradiated because minimal axillary disease remains. Patients who have positive findings on preoperative physical or ultrasound examinations should receive axillary dissection to ensure local control. A prospective randomized trial of axillary dissection versus axillary radiotherapy in patients with a clinically negative axilla following induction chemotherapy is currently underway.Presented at the 51st Annual Cancer Symposium of The Society of Surgical Oncology, San Diego, California, March 28, 1998.     

Decreased axillary lymph node retrieval in patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess our clinical impression that fewer lymph nodes are retrieved after level I and II axillary dissection after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and whether there is a positive correlation between the total number of lymph nodes retrieved and the number of diseased lymph nodes. METHODS: Patients included those with stage IIB, IIIA, and IIIB breast cancer of whom 77 had neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 58 had initial surgery only. All had modified radical mastectomy with in continuity level I and II axillary dissection. RESULTS: Patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy had 14.3 +/- 6.7 lymph nodes detected versus 16.9 +/- 8.8 (mean +/- SD; P <0.057) for those with initial surgery only. The number of positive nodes were 3.7 +/- 4.7 versus 6.6 +/- 8.7 (mean +/- SD; P <0.033) respectively and the number of negative nodes were 10.6 +/- 7.5 versus 10.4 +/- 8 (mean +/- SD; P <0.9). The correlation between the number of positive lymph nodes and the total number of lymph nodes was r = 0.58; P <0.001. CONCLUSIONS: It appears that fewer lymph nodes are retrieved after level I and II axillary dissection after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The total number of lymph nodes retrieved increases directly with the number of positive lymph nodes in patients not treated with chemotherapy.     

High-resolution axillary ultrasound is a poor prognostic test for determining pathologic lymph node status in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced breast cancer

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of high-resolution axillary ultrasound in detecting axillary lymph node metastases after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced breast cancer. METHODS: Fifty-three patients with stage II or III breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy who had a physical examination, high-resolution axillary ultrasound, and axillary lymph node dissection from January 1999 to September 2003 were included in this study. RESULTS: The positive predictive value of the postchemotherapy ultrasound for predicting pathologic nodal involvement was 83%, but the negative predictive value was only 52%. Postchemotherapy physical examination was also poor at predicting pathologic nodal involvement with a positive predictive value of 93% and a negative predictive value of only 58%. CONCLUSIONS: A negative post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy high-resolution axillary ultrasound or physical examination does not predict pathologic node status, and this test has limited value in this setting.     

前哨淋巴结活检对乳腺癌新辅助化疗后腋窝状况评估中的价值

目的 研究前哨淋巴结活检在乳腺癌新辅助化疗后的临床应用价值。方法 选择我院2007年9月至2010年11月期间收治的46例Ⅱ、Ⅲ期乳腺癌患者,接受新辅助化疗后超声检查腋窝淋巴结阴性者为研究对象。所有患者前哨淋巴结活检后行乳腺癌改良根治术及标准腋窝淋巴结清扫,所有前哨淋巴结行病理和免疫组化检查,非前哨淋巴结行常规病理检查。结果 前哨淋巴结活检的成功率、假阴性率、灵敏度、特异性、精确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别是93.5%,3.7%,96.3%,100%,97.7%,100%,94.1%。结论 前哨淋巴结活检结合超声可以较准确的评价新辅助化疗后乳腺癌的腋窝淋巴结状态,对于决定患者是否需要行腋窝淋巴结清扫有一定参考价值。     

Sentinel lymph node biopsy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in a patient with operable breast cancer

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to assess the feasibility of performing a sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for a patient with operable breast cancer after undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). METHOD: Between January 2002 and December 2003, women with primary breast cancer who had a breast tumor measuring larger than 3 cm in unilateral diameter were eligible for NAC. All patients who had completed NAC underwent lymphatic mapping with labeled (99m)Tc phytate on the day before surgery. Sentinel lymph node biopsy followed by a full axillary lymph node (AXLN) dissection (ALND) was performed in all patients. Sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) were sent for a frozen-section examination. RESULTS: The rate of SLN identification was 71%. Both the sensitivity and negative predictive value of SLNB were 100%. The false negative rate was 0%. When candidates for SLNB were restricted to patients with a breast tumor measuring less than 3 cm and clinically negative nodes after NAC, the rate of SLN identification increased to 93% from 71% while still maintaining the 0% false negative rate. CONCLUSION: Sentinel lymph node biopsy after NAC is therefore considered to be a feasible and accurate method to predict the AXLN status in patients who have a breast tumor measuring less than 3 cm in unilateral diameter and a clinically negative AXLN status at the time of surgery after NAC.