飞行员工作倦怠及其与职业应激的相关性

目的探讨飞行员工作倦怠及其与职业应激的关系,为防控飞行员工作倦怠提供依据。方法采取整群抽样的方法,从福建、浙江两省中按不同机型抽取4个飞行部队中的500名飞行员(均为男性)作为调查对象。应用Maslach工作倦怠量表通用版(MBI-GS)测量飞行员的工作倦怠,应用职业应激量表测量飞行员的职业应激;采用多元线性回归对飞行员工作倦怠的影响因素进行分析。结果飞行员工作倦怠各个维度总得分为:衰竭7.427±5.924,消极怠慢5.720±5.720,专业低效能感20.809±9.460,工作倦怠总分与职业应激总分呈正相关(P0.05);影响飞行员工作倦怠的因素依次为:物理条件应激、人际关系应激、受教育程度、家庭人均月收入。结论飞行员的职业应激对产生工作倦怠有显著影响,应制定降低职业应激的合理措施,减缓工作倦怠。     

Burnout and occupational stress in nurses

BACKGROUND: In the last few years there has been a growing interest in the psychosocial work environment of health care workers, since they are both at high risk of burnout, role conflict and job dissatifaction. Burnout, as a type of prolonged response to chronic job-related stress, has a special significance in health care settings, where staff experience both psychological--emotional and physical stress. OBJECTIVES: The present study investigated the interrelationship between burnout, occupational stress and personality characteristics in a sample of 120 nurses employed in the Infectious Diseases Department and the Department of Medical Oncology of two major hospitals in Messina, Italy. METHODS: Three questionnaire surveys were administered: The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) to estimate the job stress level, Occupational Stress Inventory to measure occupational stress and the Comrey Personality Scale to identify major personality characteristics. RESULTS: The results showed a significant statistical diference regarding the burnout levels in the two groups under study, with a higher burnout level in the Medical Oncology staff with respect to the Infectious Diseases Staff. The latter group also showed a higher occupational stress compared to the second group, with a significant statistical difference regarding "stress sources", coping strategies" and psychological health". Concerning the CPS results, some personality characteristics, as predictors for burnout syndrome, were found in the Medical Oncology staff. CONCLUSIONS: The study results underline the importance of the role ofpsychosocial work environment and the interrelationships between burnout, occupational stress and psychosomatic health in health care workers. In addition, in order to reduce a burnout risk, the Authors suggest improving the psychosocial work environment as a preventive measure.     

河南省某三级甲等精神病医院护士工作倦怠状况调查

目的研究三级甲等精神病医院护士工作倦怠状况,为制定医务人员健康保护措施,提高其生命质量提供科学依据。方法应用Maslach工作倦怠量表通用版（MBI—GS）测试191名河南省某三级甲等精神病医院护士（护士组）和72名非卫生部门脑力劳动者（对照组）工作倦怠情况;应用艾森克人格问卷简式量表中文版（EPQ—RSC）评定护士组人格特征,分析不同人格类型对工作倦怠的影响。结果精神科护士情绪耗竭和消极怠慢显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）;30～40岁年龄段护士情绪耗竭高于其他年龄组（P〈0．01）;工作倦怠源男护士主要为情绪耗竭,女护士主要为消极怠慢;情绪耗竭和消极怠慢均随着学历的增高而增高（P〈0．01）;大学专科学历护士的专业低效能感最低（P〈0．01）;中级职称护士的情绪耗竭和消极怠慢高于其他职称（P〈0．01）。精神科护士的情绪稳定性与工作倦怠各维度呈显著负相关（P〈0．01）;内外倾向性、精神质与工作倦怠各维度呈显著正相关（P〈0．01）;内向、情绪不稳定医务人员工作倦怠感明显高于外向、情绪稳定者（P〈0．01）。结论三级甲等精神病专科医院护士存在明显工作倦怠,男女倦怠源不同;工作倦怠具有明显人口学特征,人格特征与工作倦怠感密切相关。     

广西18所监狱警察工作压力与职业倦怠的关系: 心理资本的中介作用

摘要:目的　考察监狱警察工作压力与心理资本、职业倦怠之间的关系。方法　采用监狱警察压力问卷（Prison Police's Job Stress Scale）、职业倦怠问卷（Maslach Burnout Inventory General Surrey）、心理资本问卷（Psychological Capital Questionnaire）对广西18所监狱450名警察进行调查。结果　职位为科员、副科的监狱警察工作压力显著高于正科监狱警察（P＜0.05）,其他人口学变量在各量表的得分差异均无统计学意义。工作压力与职业倦怠呈显著正相关（r＝0.588,P＜0.001）,与心理资本及自我效能、希望、韧性、乐观维度呈显著负相关（r＝-0.277～-0.434,均P＜0.001）;心理资本及自我效能、希望、韧性、乐观维度与职业倦怠呈显著负相关（r＝-0.512～-0.656,均P＜0.001）。心理资本在监狱警察工作压力与职业倦怠间存在部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应的比例为36.46%。结论　监狱警察的工作压力越大其职业倦怠水平越高,且心理资本在两者之间起到部分中介作用。     

艾滋病医护人员社会支持在工作压力源与工作倦怠关系中的调节作用

目的了解社会支持各维度在工作压力与工作倦怠之间的调节作用。方法采用艾滋病医护人员工作压力源调查问卷、社会支持问卷和中式工作倦怠量表对342名艾滋病医护人员进行测试,运用SPSS 11.5管理并进行分析。结果(1)艾滋病医护人员的工作压力和工作倦怠显著正相关,工作压力越大,工作倦怠程度越深(P﹤0.01)。(2)社会支持的调节作用主要体现在支持利用和主观支持方面。面对职业风险和社会排斥,高支持利用和高主观支持医护人员的情感耗竭低于具有低支持利用和低主观支持的人员。但人际排斥压力增大时,高主观支持个体的情感耗竭水平上升更快。结论社会支持是工作压力和工作倦怠的有效调节变量,其中支持利用和主观支持的调节作用更显著。     

某三甲综合医院护士职业获益感与工作压力的相关性研究

目的:调查某三级甲等综合医院护士的职业获益感和工作压力现状,分析影响职业获益感的因素。方法:采用一般资料调查表、护士职业获益感量表、中国护士压力源量表,对该医院的1 193名护士进行调查。结果:护士职业获益感量表总分为(118.35±16.51)分,护士压力源量表总分为(73.47±12.96)分。多元线性回归分析结果提示:平均月薪(包括工资及奖金)、每天平均睡眠时间、是否参与科研工作、是否考虑辞职、工作压力是护士职业获益感的主要影响因素(P <0.05)。结论:护士职业获益感处于中等偏上水平,工作压力处于中等水平。平均月薪、每天平均睡眠时间、是否参与科研工作是护士职业获益感的正性影响因素,是否考虑辞职和工作压力是护士职业获益感的负性影响因素。护理管理者可以通过制定相应的干预措施,提高护士的职业获益感。     

A comparison of the effect of work stress on burnout and quality of life between female nurses and female doctors

The objective of this study was to compare the effect of work stress on job burnout and quality of life between female nurses and doctors in China. The participants were 947 female nurses and 685 female doctors selected from Fujian provinces by using stratified cluster sampling method. The Chinese version of Short Form-36 Health Survey was used to measure quality of life; the Occupation Stress Inventory-Revised Edition was applied for occupational stress; and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey was used to assess job burnout. Occupational stress (indicated by different stressors) played an important role in job burnout and quality of life among female nurses and female doctors when taking into account other potential influencing factors simultaneously. These results show that it is important to adopt different preventive measures to prevent burnout and improve quality of life among the 2 populations according to the different stressors.     

护士职业倦怠与领悟社会支持的关系

目的考察护士职业倦怠现状及与领悟社会支持的关系。方法采用职业倦怠问卷-服务行业版(MB I-HSS)、领悟社会支持评定量表(PSSS)和自编人口学问卷对120名护士进行问卷调查。结果护士职业倦怠的总检出率为55.8%;护龄、职称、工作科室对护士职业倦怠有一定影响,职业倦怠总分与领悟社会支持各维度均呈显著负相关(r=-0.111--0.485,P<0.01)。结论必须重视护士职业倦怠问题,并应充分考虑领悟社会支持对职业倦怠的影响。     

心灵成长对临床护士职业倦怠及工作满意度的影响

目的 探讨在临床护士中实施心灵成长课程培训,对护士的职业倦怠、工作压力和满意度的影响效果.方法在某三级甲等专科医院将工作≥5年的护士238名按便利抽样法随机分为对照组122名和观察组116名,培训内容:对照组参加院内常规的4项业务课学习,观察组参加心灵成长课程的培训,为专家授课加互动式讨论.培训方式均为院内短期集中授课,一周一次,一次时间为120分钟,连续2周.在培训前后通过职业倦怠、工作压力源和工作满意度问卷调查,评价培训效果.结果 观察组护士的职业倦怠中情感耗竭、去人格化得分明显低于对照组,个人成就得分明显高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);工作压力得分观察组明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);工作满意度得分观察组明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 心灵成长课程的培训,可以有效缓解护士的职业倦怠感,减轻工作压力,提升工作满意度水平.     

A Comparison of the Effect of Work Stress on Burnout and Quality of Life Between Female Nurses and Female Doctors

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to compare the effect of work stress on job burnout and quality of life between female nurses and doctors in China. The participants were 947 female nurses and 685 female doctors selected from Fujian provinces by using stratified cluster sampling method. The Chinese version of Short Form-36 Health Survey was used to measure quality of life; the Occupation Stress Inventory—Revised Edition was applied for occupational stress; and the Maslach Burnout Inventory—General Survey was used to assess job burnout. Occupational stress (indicated by different stressors) played an important role in job burnout and quality of life among female nurses and female doctors when taking into account other potential influencing factors simultaneously. These results show that it is important to adopt different preventive measures to prevent burnout and improve quality of life among the 2 populations according to the different stressors.     

共情培养对改善急诊护士职业倦怠及护患关系的研究

目的探讨共情能力的培养对改善急诊护士职业倦怠及护患关系的效果。方法通过共情理论知识与技能的培训,使用中文版杰弗逊共情量表与护士职业倦怠调查表对急诊科21名参加共情能力的培训的护士进行调查。结果通过共情能力培训后护士共情能力与患者就诊满意率得分均高于参加共情能力培训前,护士职业倦怠感降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论通过培训,共情能力的增强和技能的提高可促进护士身心健康,缓解护士职业倦怠;促进护患沟通,促进良好护患关系的建立和发展。     

护士职业倦怠现状及与社会支持关系

目的考察护士职业倦怠现状及与社会支持的关系。方法采用职业倦怠问卷-服务行业版(MBI-SS)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)和自编社会支持问卷对310名护士进行问卷调查。结果护士职业倦怠的总检出率为41.9%;工龄、受教育程度、婚姻状况、工作科室对护士职业倦怠有一定影响,职业倦怠总分与社会支持各维度均呈显著负相关(r=-0.169～-0.537,P<0.01);工作单位支持、客观支持、对支持的利用度、朋友支持以及社会团体支持对职业倦怠的一个或多个维度具有负向预测作用(Beta=-0.098～-0.461,P<0.05)。结论应重视护士职业倦怠问题,并充分考虑社会支持对职业倦怠的影响。     

护理人员职业倦怠与组织承诺、工作满意度的关系研究

目的研究职业倦怠与组织承诺、工作满意度的关系。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法,选取黑龙江省3家三级甲等公立医院660护理人员进行职业倦怠、组织承诺、工作满意度问卷调查。结果 (1)护理人员组织承诺、工作满意度和职业倦怠的平均分依次为(3.87±0.62)分、(3.24±0.71)分、(3.12±0.58)分,(2)工作满意度、组织承诺与职业倦怠分别为低度负相关关系,(3)福利待遇、规范承诺、排班、年龄、专业发展机会、婚姻状况、学历、家庭和工作平衡对职业倦怠的联合解释量为19.9%。结论护理人员组织承诺好工作满意度处于较高水平,职业倦怠比较严重,组织承诺、工作满意度对护理人员职业倦怠有负向预测作用。     

成都市某三甲医院护士工作满意度与护理环境和工作压力的中介效应

目的探讨护士工作满意度、护理环境和工作压力的相关性及其作用机制,为提高护士工作满意度提供有效的依据。方法采用整群抽样,抽取成都市某三甲医院的144名护士于2017-04进行问卷调查,内容包括基本情况调查表、明尼苏达满意度短式量表、护士工作压力源量表、护理工作环境量表。采用Spearman相关性探讨变量间的关系,中介效应分析采用Bootstrap法和结构方程模型。检验水准α=0.05。结果护士工作满意度得分(3.11±0.81)分,护龄、工作性质、科室(P<0.05)对护士工作满意度有影响。相关分析显示,护士工作满意度与工作压力呈负相关(r=-0.599,P<0.01)、与护理环境(r=0.747,P<0.01)呈正相关,工作压力与护理环境呈负相关(r=-0.581,P<0.01);Bootstrap中介效应分析显示工作压力在护理环境与护士工作满意度间起到了部分中介作用(LLCI=0.1436,ULCI=0.4873),结构方程模型显示护理环境以工作压力为中介变量对工作满意度间接预测的路径系数为0.20,占总效应的24.69%。结论护士工作满意度处于中等水平,护理环境可直接影响护士工作满意度,也可通过工作压力间接影响工作满意度。医院管理者可通过构建良好护理环境,减低护士工作压力,从而提高护士工作满意度。     

职业认同、工作压力与高校辅导员工作倦怠的关系

目的了解高校辅导员工作倦怠状况,探讨职业认同、工作压力与高校辅导员工作倦怠的关系。方法采用工作倦怠问卷、职业认同问卷及工作压力量表对新疆某高校的78名专职辅导员进行问卷调查。结果高校辅导员倦怠比例为16.7%,情绪衰竭比例17.9%,玩世不恭比例9.0%,成就感低落比例最高,为44.9%。高校辅导员的职业认同与工作倦怠呈负相关（r=-0.584,P〈0.05）,工作压力与工作倦怠呈正相关（r=0.517,P〈0.05）。经多元线性回归分析,职业认同能有效预测工作倦怠、情绪低落、玩世不恭;工作保障能有效预测工作倦怠、成就感低;工作乐趣能有效预测情绪低落。结论职业认同、工作压力是高校辅导员工作倦怠的重要预测变量。     

Health-related quality of life and its main related factors among nurses in China

The present study is to evaluate the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and analyze the effect of occupational stress, job burnout and coping resource on the HRQOL among nurses in China. A total of 1,012 nurses were recruited from eight hospitals of two provinces in 2008. The Chinese version of Short Form-36 Health Survey and Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey were used to measure the HRQOL and burnout respectively, the Occupation Stress Inventory-Revised Edition was used to evaluate occupational stressor, personal strain and coping resources. Other potential influencing factors for HRQOL were collected using a structured questionnaire. HRQOL in the nurses was lower than that in the general population. Occupational stressor, personal strain and job burnout correlated negatively with the HRQOL (p<0.05) while coping resources was positively related to the HRQOL (p<0.05). Among the predictive factors for HRQOL, occupational stressor (indicated by role insufficiency and physical environment), personal strain (indicated by physical strain and psychological strain), job burnout (indicated by emotional exhaustion and professional efficacy), length of work hours (≥10 h per day), diet irregularity and age were the main risk factors for HRQOL, while recreation and self-care were the main protective factors for HRQOL. The findings suggest occupational stress, job burnout and coping resources play important roles in HRQOL in the Chinese nurses.     

三级甲等医院护士成就动机与职业倦怠关系

目的 了解三级甲等医院护士成就动机与职业倦怠的关系及影响因素。方法 采用自行设计的人口特征及工作情况问卷、成就动机量表和Maslach 工作倦怠量表对山东6所三级甲等医院的427名护士进行问卷调查。结果 护士追求成功的动机为(38.69±6.16)分, 避免失败的动机为(39.48±6.78)分;职业倦怠的平均标准分为(36.36±19.88)分, 其中情绪衰竭维度(16.40±8.31)分, 个人成就感维度(13.73±9.87)分, 去人格化维度(6.23±5.87)分;追求成功与职业倦怠呈负相关(r=-0.618, P<0.05;), 避免失败与职业倦怠呈正相关(r=0.319, P<0.05);职业倦怠的严重程度还与子女状况、婚姻状况等人口学变量有关(P<0.05)。结论 护士成就动机的大小影响职业倦怠程度, 避免失败动机越大, 职业倦怠越严重, 成就动机越小, 职业倦怠越严重。     

The health and wellbeing of mental health professionals

We examine dimensions of job satisfaction, occupational burnout and general health of a sample of 123 mental health care professionals (psychiatric nurses and nursing assistants, and smaller professional groups such as social workers, occupational and recreational therapists and psychologists) employed at a large Canadian psychiatric hospital. Psychiatric nursing assistants exhibit more of the consequences of job-related stress (less job satisfaction, greater occupational burnout, greater incidence of negative physical and psychological symptoms of stress) relative to the other professional groups in the sample. This may be linked with their position within the hospital organization (having less authority and professional autonomy relative to the other groups), affecting their ability to cope with job-related problems and stresses experienced by all direct care workers. We examine attitudes of mental health professionals towards organized support groups at the hospital, which could provide one forum for the open discussion (and potential resolution) of job-related stresses and problems experienced in hospital settings.     

工作倦怠、人格和自尊对放射医务人员压力反应的交互作用研究

目的 应用通径分析探讨放射医务人员压力反应与工作倦怠、人格和自尊之间的交互作用。方法 使用工作倦怠量表通用版、知觉心理压力量表、艾森克成人简易人格量表和自尊量表对728名放射医务人员进行调查。结果 工作倦怠和人格因素对放射医务人员的心理压力既有直接的影响,也有间接的作用;自尊对放射医务人员心理压力的影响是直接作用,是工作倦怠和人格因素对压力影响的中间变量。结论 压力应对是一个复杂的心身反应过程,是人格因素、自尊和工作倦怠多因素相互作用的系统。