结肠肝曲癌侵犯门静脉行联合肠系膜上静脉-门静脉切除对端吻合重建手术

目的 探讨结肠肝曲癌侵犯门静脉行右半结肠根治切除(right hemicolectomy,RH)联合肠系膜上静脉-门静脉切除的胰十二指肠切除术(pancreaticoduodenectomy,PD)血管端端吻合的可行性.方法 总结2004-2011年吉林大学普通外科疾病诊疗中心、吉林大学第二医院普通外科行右半结肠根治切除术及胰十二指肠切除、联合肠系膜上-门静脉切除术后血管进行端端吻合5例患者的临床资料.结果 5例患者手术过程均顺利,肿瘤完全切除,无严重术后并发症及围手术期死亡,5例患者均康复出院.结论 结肠肝曲癌极易侵犯胰头十二指肠及(或)门静脉,行右半结肠癌根治切除术及胰十二指肠切除,联合肠系膜上-门静脉切除后均未间置人工血管进行端端吻合是一项安全可行的技术.     

腹腔镜辅助右半结肠切除术 35例临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜外科技术在右半结肠切除手术中的应用。方法对1999年8月至2003年8月施行腹腔镜辅助右半结肠切除术的35例患者的临床资料和随访情况进行回顾性分析。结果33例在腹腔镜下完成右半结肠分离,辅助小切口,于腹腔外行肠系膜上动静脉周围淋巴清扫、右半结肠切除和吻合。无手术死亡,中转开腹2例,中转率5.7%(2/35)。平均手术时间181min,平均出血量94ml,辅助切口平均长5cm,平均术后住院日9d,术后早期肠梗阻1例。33例患者术后随访1～48个月,1例DukesC2期中分化腺癌患者,术后4个月发现双肺及左锁骨上淋巴结转移。全组患者的Trocar穿刺孔及腹壁切口无肿瘤种植转移。结论腹腔镜辅助右半结肠切除术是安全可行的,适合于各期的回盲部和升结肠肿瘤。只要手术医师遵守肿瘤处理原则、熟练掌握腹腔镜技术,就能顺利地完成此类手术。     

左半结肠急性梗阻一期切除吻合（附38例报道）

目的　探讨左半结肠急性梗阻一期切除吻合的治疗效果。方法　对 38例左半结肠急性梗阻患者的诊治进行回顾性总结并随访 ,随访率为 6 5 %。结果　 38例中左半结肠肿瘤 32例 ,乙状结肠扭转并肠坏死 6例 ;术中行左半结肠部分切除、结肠灌洗 ,一期吻合。术后未发生肠瘘、腹腔感染 ,无死亡病例。结论　结肠灌洗、一期切除吻合治疗方法安全可行 ,避免患者二次手术之痛苦 ,降低肿瘤复发率     

腹腔镜辅助右半结肠切除术21例报告

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助右半结肠切除术治疗右侧结肠癌的安全性与疗效。方法应用腹腔镜技术,按开腹手术的原则行右半结肠切除术21例,所有肠系膜分离、肠系膜血管的处理和淋巴结清扫均在腹腔镜下完成,肠段的切除和吻合通过腹部小切口在体外完成。结果21例均成功完成手术,无中转开腹。手术时间136~248min,平均153.6min。结肠癌切除标本上下切缘长度分别(10.8±3.6)cm和(10.2±3.5)cm,清扫淋巴结数目(9.7±4.9)枚。1例术后切口感染,3个月后再次清创愈合。17例术后随访3~36个月,平均19个月。2例分别于术后8、20个月发生肝转移。无切口和穿刺口种植转移发生。结论腹腔镜辅助右半结肠切除术是安全可行的,按肿瘤根治原则可以达到开腹手术同样的疗效。     

结肠癌联合胰十二指肠切除术

目的探讨结肠癌患者实施联合胰十二指肠切除术(PD)的必要性和方法。方法总结1994年1月至2002年12月间1750例结直肠癌患者中5例横结肠癌患者(0.3%)行联合PD术的临床资料。结果结肠癌联合PD术的5例患者(其中1例加肠系膜上静脉部分切除吻合)均无手术死亡。1例术后并发胰瘘和切口感染,但均康复出院。3例术后半年因肿瘤复发死亡,2例随访至今45个月和72个月仍无瘤生存。结论结肠癌侵犯胰十二指肠较少见。结肠癌联合胰十二指肠切除手术是安全的,能为部分患者提供长期生存的机会。     

右半结肠切除治疗阑尾炎术后肠瘘疗效分析

目的探讨右半结肠切除治疗阑尾炎术后肠瘘的手术技巧及疗效。方法回顾性分析2007年4月一2012年10月25例在我科接受右半结肠切除术的阑尾切除术后肠瘘患者临床资料,分析手术技巧和近期疗效。结果全组患者平均手术时间(55.6±15.0)min,平均出血量(165.0±24.0)ml;术中炎症水肿肠道平均长度(15.0±6.5)cm,平均切除肠道长度(23.0±4.6)cm;术中发现右下腹部炎性肿块20例,局部分隔性积脓5例,二次手术腹腔脓液培养细菌阳性24例;全组无吻合口瘘病例,术后无腹腔积液、感染患者。平均住院时间(12.0±3.6)d。结论右半结肠切除可用于治疗阑尾炎术后肠瘘,但需把握好手术时机,严格掌握手术适应证及手术技巧。     

单切口腹腔镜辅助右半结肠切除术手术入路的探讨

目的:探讨侧方入路单切口腹腔镜辅助右半结肠切除术的可行性及手术优点。方法:回顾分析为11例患者采用侧方入路行单切口腹腔镜右半结肠切除术的临床资料。结果:本组11例患者系膜均完整切除,1例因肿瘤过大且与后腹膜粘连紧密中转开腹,余均顺利完成手术。手术时间平均(225±30)min,术中出血量平均(50±15)ml,术中无输尿管、胰腺或十二指肠损伤等,术后无大出血、腹腔内疝及吻合漏等并发症发生。平均住院(10.5±1.25)d。术后随访3²4个月,中位随访8个月,无慢性腹痛或吻合口狭窄征象。结论:单切口腹腔镜右半结肠切除术的入路选择非常重要,是手术成功实施的关键因素。经侧方入路行单切口腹腔镜右半结肠切除术具有解剖层次清楚、手术时间短、术中出血少等优点,手术安全、可行。     

以肠系膜上静脉为标识中线入路法在右半结肠联合胰十二指肠切除术中的应用

目的探讨以肠系膜上静脉为标识的中线入路法在右半结肠联合胰十二指肠切除术中的安全性与有效性。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2019年7月河南省肿瘤医院普外科采取以肠系膜上静脉为标识的中线人路法行肝曲结肠癌(T4b)右半结肠联合胰十二指肠切除术13例患者的临床病理资料,以肠系膜上静脉为标识向上延伸作为肿瘤切除的内侧界。结果本组13例患者均顺利完成手术。平均手术时间(249±27)min,平均术中出血量(442±129)ml,平均清扫淋巴结(20±4)枚。术后发生胰漏2例,胃瘫1例,无吻合口狭窄、腹腔感染、肠梗阻、肠系膜损伤等并发症。术后平均住院时间(23.2±9.4)d。结论以肠系膜上静脉为标识中线人路法行右半结肠联合胰十二指肠切除术符合无瘤原则和结肠系膜完整切除原则,并且安全、可行。     

手助腹腔镜下右半结肠切除术12例报告

目的 总结应用改良手助式腹腔镜右半结肠切除术的经验。方法 自2001年9月至2003年12月。应用手助式腹腔镜技术行右半结肠切除12例。结果 12例病人手术均获成功，无一例中转开腹，手术时间为180～220min，术后恢复良好，无切口感染、吻合口瘘、肠梗阻等并发症。随访1～24个月，无切口肿瘤复发及肠梗阻的发生。结论 对于无远处转移的右侧结肠恶性肿瘤病人，应用手助腹腔镜行右半结肠切除术是安全、可行的。     

腹腔镜辅助右半结肠切除术16例临床分析

为探讨腹腔镜辅助右半结肠切除术的安全性和疗效,对16例行腹腔镜辅助右半结肠癌切除手术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果显示,顺利完成腹腔镜辅助右半结肠癌根治术14例,中转开腹2例,中转率为12．5％。无死亡病例。平均手术时间为（175±15）min,平均术中出血量为（120±9）ml,平均结肠癌切除标本上下切缘长度分别为（10．8±0．8）cm和（10．2±0．7）cm,平均清除淋巴结（16．1±1．2）枚,平均术后住院时间为（10±1）d。1例术后第3天肺部感染,1例切口感染。14例完成腹腔镜手术患者随访6～20个月,1例发生肝转移。结果表明,腹腔镜辅助右半结肠切除术安全性好,可达到与开腹手术同样的根治效果。     

联合脏器切除应用于局部进展期右半结肠癌的疗效

目的探讨右半结肠联合周围脏器切除治疗局部进展期右半结肠癌的疗效。方法回顾性分析13例因局部进展期结肠癌并侵犯邻近组织器官而行联合脏器切除的右半结肠切除患者的临床资料。结果13例患者中男8例,女5例,年龄39-76（平均58．6）岁。原发肿瘤位于结肠肝曲6例。升结肠5例．横结肠2例。肿瘤仅侵犯十二指肠3例,同时侵犯十二指肠和其他组织器官9例,另1例侵犯胰腺和胃。手术均采用右半结肠联合胰十二指肠和（或）其他脏器切除术。13例患者术后1年、3年及5年生存率分别为69％、54％和30％。结论右半结肠联合脏器切除术对于局部进展期右半结肠癌具有积极的治疗意义。     

Synchronous multiple primary cancers of the stomach and duodenum in aged patients: Report of two cases

We describe herein the cases of two aged patients found to have synchronous multiple primary cancers of the stomach and duodenum. The first patient was an 82-year-old man who was preoperatively diagnosed as having gastric cancer after presenting with signs of pyloric stenosis. At laparotomy, duodenal cancer was incidentally found to have infiltrated the transverse colon. A pancreatoduodenectomy and right hemicolectomy with radical lymph node dissection was performed. Two early well-differentiated adeno-carcinomas of the stomach and an advanced poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the duodenum were confirmed. This patient is now well without any evidence of recurrence more than 5 years after surgery. The second patient was a 77-year-old man who was also diagnosed as having gastric cancer after presenting with signs of pyloric stenosis. Preoperatively, duodenal cancer was detected by endoscopy. A pancreatoduodenectomy and partial colectomy with radical lymph node dissection was performed because the duodenal cancer was suspected of having infiltrated the trans-verse colon. An early moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the stomach and an advanced moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the duodenum were confirmed, but the duodenal cancer was not seen to invade the transverse colon microscopically. This patient died of cancer 7 months after surgery. Because multiple primary cancers commonly develop in elderly patients, a precise preoperative diagnosis must be made and optimal treatment applied. Received: March 5, 1999 / Accepted: March 24, 2000     

Treatment of colorectal liver metastasis with biliary and portal vein tumor thrombi by hepatopancreatoduodenectomy

We present a case of a large colorectal liver metastasis with portal vein and biliary tumor thrombi and duodenal and jejunal direct invasion that required hepatopancreatoduodenectomy. A 38-year-old woman presented to her local hospital with right back pain and jaundice. She had undergone transverse colectomy and limited liver resection for transverse colon cancer with a synchronous liver metastasis in September 1991, and low anterior resection for rectal carcinoma in January 1996. She was diagnosed as having colorectal liver metastasis and was referred to our hospital for possible surgery. Radiologic and endoscopic examinations revealed a large liver tumor occupying the right lobe, biliary dilation in the left lateral section, and a portal vein tumor thrombus. Invasion of the inferior vena cava and the right renal vein were also suspected. Intraoperative findings revealed a large liver tumor that occupied the right lobe and invaded the duodenum and jejunum. The tumor was resected successfully by right trisectionectomy, caudate lobectomy, pancreatoduodenectomy, partial resection of the jejunum, and combined portal vein resection and reconstruction. The inferior vena cava, right kidney, and renal vein could be detached from the tumor. The patient has enjoyed an active life without recurrence for 2 years since the operation.     

Pancreatoduodenectomy for locally advanced or recurrent colon cancer: Report of two cases

A 66-year-old man, who had ascending colon cancer which invaded the duodenum, pancreas, and superior mesenteric vein, underwent a curative resection including an extended right hemicolectomy, pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy, and a partial resection of the superior mesenteric vein. The pathological examination revealed adenocarcinoma of the colon, which directly invaded the duodenum and pancreas, thus causing duodenocolic fistula. Tumor infiltration to the superior mesenteric vein was not histologically proven. Two out of 40 lymph nodes were also involved. The patient is still alive and disease-free 37 months after the operation. A 72-year-old man, with a history of surgery two previous times for ascending colon cancer and its recurrence, underwent a third operation including a resection of the former ileocolic anastomosis en bloc by means of a pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy with a curative intent. The pathological examination revealed adenocarcinoma of the colon, which directly invaded the duodenum and pancreas. Seven out of 31 lymph nodes were also involved. The patient died of recurrence 24 months after the third operation. These two cases demonstrated the usefulness of a resection of the colon en bloc by means of a pancreatoduodenectomy in patients with either locally advanced colon cancer or locally advanced recurrent colon cancer.     

Laparoscopic colectomy for Dukes A colon cancer

The use of laparoscopic surgery to treat colon cancer has been well studied; however, the specific use of laparoscopic colectomy for Dukes A colon cancer has not been evaluated. The data of laparoscopic colectomy were compared with those of conventional open colectomy, and the surgical results of patients who underwent surgery for Dukes A colon cancer were evaluated. Between November 1993 and October 1997, 20 patients underwent laparoscopic colectomy for Dukes A colon cancer. Operation time, blood loss, first passage of flatus, day of resumption of oral intake, length of hospital stay after surgery, and number of dissected lymph nodes were compared between 20 patients who underwent laparoscopic colectomy and 23 patients who underwent conventional open colectomy for Dukes A colon cancer. In patients with laparoscopic colectomy, when compared with those with conventional open colectomy, mean blood loss was less (103 g vs. 318 g), flatus returned more quickly (3.5 days vs. 4.2 days), oral intake resumed earlier (3.7 days vs. 4.7 days), and postoperative hospital stay was shorter (16.4 days vs. 24.6 days). The mean number of dissected lymph nodes was not different between the two groups (9.2 vs. 9.2 for D2 dissection). No patient had port-site metastasis or recurrence during a follow-up period from 13 to 60 months (median, 38 months). Review of the literature and the authors' findings indicated that none of the 142 reported patients had port-site metastasis after laparoscopic colectomy for Dukes A colon cancer. The results indicate that laparoscopic colectomy is safe and useful when applied to patients with Dukes A colon cancer and performed carefully by trained surgeons.     

Recognition and treatment of patients with hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (Lynch syndromes I and II).

Primary genetic factors are etiologic in at least 5-10% of patients with colon cancer. The polyposis syndromes (FPC) are easily identified examples because of the spectacular number of polyps. The hereditary nonpolyposis syndromes (HNPCC), although five times more common than FPC, are usually not recognized because they do not have such a distinctive clinical, premonitory genetic marker. Colorectal cancer expression was surveyed in 10 extended, thoroughly documented HNPCC kindreds. One hundred sixteen patients were found to have 183 colorectal cancers. Despite the striking family history, less than 5% were correctly treated by subtotal colectomy. This provided a unique opportunity to study the natural history. Five findings differed significantly (p less than 0.05) from patients with sporadic colon cancer: (1) mean age of initial colon cancer diagnosed was 45.6 years; (2) 69.1% of first colon cancers were located proximal to the splenic flexure of the colon; (3) 18.1% had synchronous colon cancer; (4) 24.2% had metachronous colon cancer develop with life table analysis showing the risk for a metachronous lesion at 10 years to be 40%; and (5) only 23.3% of cancers were located in the sigmoid colon or rectum. Based on this data, it is recommended that the family history of all patients with a newly diagnosed colon cancer be evaluated for evidence of this syndrome. If an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern emerges, an in-depth genetic investigation is indicated. When HNPCC is confirmed, the following recommendations apply: a subtotal abdominal colectomy is indicated at the time of the initial colon cancer because of the risk of synchronous and metachronous lesions. The rectum should be spared in favor of careful lifetime surveillance because of the proclivity for proximal colon cancer involvement. As yet unaffected members of a newly diagnosed HNPCC kindred who are in the "direct genetic line" should be cautioned that they are at 50% risk and must begin an intensive surveillance program beginning in the third decade with careful attention to the right colon. Patients from newly diagnosed HNPCC families who have had a previous conventional colectomy for colon cancer should, at the very least, enter an intensive surveillance program; a prophylactic completion subtotal colectomy should be considered for patients who are less than totally compliant.     

Surgical approach to right colon cancer:From open technique to robot.State of art

This work is a topic highlight on the surgical treatment of the right colon pathologies,focusing on the literature state of art and comparing the open surgery to the different laparoscopic and robotic procedures.Different laparoscopic procedures have been described for the treatment of right colon tumors: Totally laparoscopic right colectomy,laparoscopic assisted right colectomy,laparoscopic facilitated right colectomy,hand-assisted right colectomy,single incision laparoscopic surgery colectomy,robotic right colectomy.Two main characteristics of these techniques are the different type of anastomosis: Intracorporeal(for totally laparoscopic right colectomy,single incision laparoscopic surgery colectomy,laparoscopic assisted right colectomy and robotic technique) or extracorporeal(for laparoscopic assisted right colectomy,laparoscopic facilitated right colectomy,hand-assisted right colectomy and open right colectomy) and the different incision(suprapubic,median or transverse on the right side of abdomen).The different laparoscopic techniques meet the same oncological criteria of radicalism as the open surgery for the right colon.The totally laparoscopic right colectomy with intracorporeal anastomosis and even more the single incision laparoscopic surgery colectomy,remain a technical challenge due to the complexity of procedures(especially for the single incision laparoscopic surgery colectomy) and the particular right colon vascular anatomy but they seem to have some theoretical advantages compared to the other laparoscopic and open procedures.Data reported in literature while confirming the advantages of laparoscopic approach,do not allow to solve controversies about which is the best laparoscopic technique(Intracorporeal vs Extracorporeal Anastomosis) to treat the right colon cancer.However,the laparoscopic techniques with intracorporeal anastomosis for the right colon seem to show some theoretical advantages(functional,technical,oncological and cosmetic advantages) even if all studies conclude that further prospective randomized trials are necessary.Robotic technique may be useful to overcome the problems related to inexperience in laparoscopy in some surgical centers.     

Surgical Treatment and Subsequent Outcome of Patients with Carcinoma of the Splenic Flexure

Extended resection, comprising extended right hemicolectomy, splenectomy, and distal pancreatectomy, has been advocated for carcinoma of the splenic flexure because the lymphatic drainage at this site is variable. The present study addresses the problems associated with selecting the most appropriate operative procedure to achieve cure of splenic flexure cancers. We conducted a retrospective review of 27 patients with splenic flexure cancer who under-went curative resection. Left partial colectomy was performed in 20 patients and partial resection of the transverse/descending colon was performed in 7 patients. The combined resection of adjacent organs due to tumor adherence was performed in three patients. The spleen and distal pancreas were the organs most frequently resected among a collective total of six adjacent organs. The median duration of follow-up was 60.9 months after resection for splenic flexure cancer. No patient developed local recurrence. There was no significant difference in 5-year survival between patients with splenic flexure cancers and those with colon cancers at other sites. In conclusion, splenic flexure cancer resected by left partial colectomy or partial resection of the transverse/descending colon without routine extended resection was not associated with a worse prognosis than colon cancers at other sites. Received: February 17, 2000 / Accepted: September 26, 2000     

Role of arteriography in rectal hemorrhage due to arteriovenous malformations and diverticulosis.

Nine patients with arteriographic right colon arteriovenous malformations (AVM's) are reviewed. Even though five of the eight surviving patients had diverticulosis in remaining colon, right colectomy with removal of the AVM effectively controlled bleeding in seven of the eight patients in follow-up intervals of 14-66 months. Such results suggest that right colon AVM, rather than diverticulosis, may be the more common cause of chronic recurrent lower intestinal hemorrhage in the elderly. Rebleeding occurred in one patient and has heretofore been reported in seven cases. However, since AVM bleeding is rarely life-threatening, right colectomy for chronic recurrent rectal bleeding is justifiable as the initial operative procedure for an AVM, even in the presence of left colon or sigmoid diverticulosis. In the same five year period, 1973-1977, four additional patients with massive hemorrhage, characteristic of diverticulosis, had emergency arteriography with demonstration of a localized site of diverticular bleeding that was controllable by partial colon resection. Consequently, segmental resection of the colon, utilizing selective arteriography, has thus far eliminated bleeding in eight of nine patients with diverticulosis. The judicious use of arteriography in patients with diverticulosis and rectal bleeding substantially reduces the requirement for subtotal colectomy and ileoproctostomy.     

联合脏器切除治疗进展期胃癌

目的总结联合脏器切除治疗进展期胃癌的经验。方法对１９８８～１９９３年间施行联合脏器切除的４８例进展期胃癌的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果４８例中,根治性切除３３例,姑息性切除１５例。其中联合脾切除１４例,脾合并胰体尾切除１２例,脾、胰体尾合并横结肠切除１例,胰体尾合并横结肠切除２例,横结肠切除３例,肝左外叶切除７例,卵巢切除３例,胆囊切除５例,胰十二指肠切除１例。手术死亡率４２％。随访１,３,５年生存率分别为６５１％,３２６％,２７９％。结论作者认为,严格掌握联合脏器切除的指征,恰当的选择手术入路,同时注重病人围手术期的营养支持,是降低并发症,提高手术成功率及远期生存率的重要因素