袋鼠式护理对剖宫产初产妇母乳喂养及育儿自我效能的影响研究

目的通过对剖宫产初产妇实施袋鼠式护理,探讨袋鼠式护理对剖宫产初产妇术后母乳喂养及育儿自我效能的影响。方法选取剖宫产初产妇120例,随机分为实验组和对照组,各60例。对照组采用常规护理方法,实验组在常规护理基础上实施袋鼠式护理。比较两组首次泌乳成功时间、产后6周纯母乳喂养率、产后3 d育儿自我效能及产后6周育儿自我效能。结果实验组产妇首次泌乳时间为(45.80±6.20)h,早于对照组(52.43±11.27)h(P <0.05);实验组产后6周纯母乳喂养率为51.67%,高于于对照组35%(P<0.05);实验组产后3 d及产后6周育儿自我效能为(81.17±7.56)分及(84.05±7.26)分,高于对照组(72.53±7.68)分及(76.22±9.39)分(均P <0.05)。结论袋鼠式护理可提早剖宫产初产妇的首次泌乳时间,提高产后6周的纯母乳喂养率,增强产妇的育儿自我效能。     

初产妇分娩自我效能的影响因素分析

目的调查初产妇分娩自我效能状况,并对影响初产妇分娩自我效能的因素进行分析。方法对214例初产妇一般情况、分娩自我效能、心理一致感进行调查。结果分娩自我效能、心理一致感间存在显著正相关(r=0.578,P=0.014),心理一致感对于初产妇分娩自我效能具有显著影响(β=0.512,P=0.000)。结论心理一致感是初产妇分娩自我效能的重要影响因素,是今后护理干预的重要方面。     

行为导向教学法对提升初产妇育儿技能和母乳喂养率的作用

目的:研究行为导向教学法对提升初产妇育儿技能和母乳喂养率的作用。方法:选择我院产科2015年1—12月86例初产妇作为研究对象,采用隐匿数字随机法分为2组。对照组43例给予常规健康教育和育儿、母乳喂养指导,研究组43例应用行为导向教学法指导育儿和母乳喂养,比较2组初产妇育儿技能和育儿自我效能,以及2组出院时、产后1个月母乳喂养率。结果:研究组初产妇育儿知识、育儿技能、母乳喂养知识、母乳喂养技能和育儿效能评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。研究组出院时和产后1个月母乳喂养率分别为76.74%和62.79%,对照组分别为34.88%和27.91%,2组母乳喂养率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:行为导向教学法形成互动,可提高初产妇学习的积极性和主动性,对提高育儿相关技能和母乳喂养率具有积极的作用。     

基于微信平台的群组孕期保健模式对初产妇自我效能、分娩结局及心理状态的影响研究

目的 研究基于微信平台的群组孕期保健模式对初产妇自我效能、分娩结局及心理状态的影响。方法 选取我院2019年1月至2019年12月纳入270例初产妇为对照组,采取常规干预处理;于2020年1月至2020年12月260例初产妇为研究组,采取微信平台的群组孕期保健。观察比较两组自我效能评分、分娩结局、SAS评分、SDS评分、自我护理能力评分情况。结果 保健后,两组自我效能评分均好转,研究组评分高于对照组(P<0.05);研究组阴道分娩高于对照组(P<0.05);保健后SAS、SDS评分均出现下降,且研究组低于对照组(P<0.05);保健后自我护理能力评分均出现上升,且研究组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 微信平台群组孕期保健对初产妇具有重要意义,能够改善产妇自我效能,阴道分娩率增加,负面情绪出现好转,自我护理能力良好,值得应用。     

120例产妇育儿自我效能感状态及其影响因素的分析

目的分析研究120例产妇育儿自我效能感状态及其影响因素。方法选取2012年12月至2013年8月于本院进行分娩的120例产妇为研究对象,将其采用BSES量表进行评估,然后将其中初产及经产妇、剖宫产和顺产及不同文化程度者的评估结果进行比较。结果120例产妇的BSES量表内心活动维度评分为(48.15±4.36)分,技能维度评分为(44.65±4.18)分及总分为(89.46±4.29)分,其中初产妇、剖宫产及低文化程度者的评分均显著地低于经产妇、顺产妇及高文化程度者,P均<0.05,比较项目之间均有显著性差异。结论120例产妇育儿自我效能感状态相对较低,且初产妇、剖宫产及低文化程度者的状态相对较差,因此应给予此类产妇更充分的干预。     

信息支持伴行为干预对初产妇母乳喂养自我效能的影响研究

目的:研究分析信息支持伴行为干预对初产妇母乳喂养自我效能的影响。方法:选择2014年11月—2016年11月初产妇168例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组84例。对照组应用常规护理干预,观察组在常规护理基础上应用信息支持伴行为干预,对比两组的干预效果。结果:观察组初产妇母乳喂养知识评分、自我效能评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组产后母乳喂养率比对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:信息支持伴行为干预对初产妇母乳喂养自我效能有积极影响,可改善初产妇母乳喂养行为。     

强化健康宣教对初产妇母乳喂养、育儿效能感及角色适应的影响研究

目的探究强化健康宣教对初产妇母乳喂养、育儿效能感及角色适应的影响。方法选取2017年6月至2019年3月的90例初产妇为研究对象,依据随机数字表法分为对照组(常规健康宣教组)45例和观察组(强化健康宣教组)45例。比较两组产后1个月及3个月的母乳喂养情况、干预前后的育儿效能感及角色适应情况。结果观察组产后1个月及3个月的母乳喂养率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05),干预前两组的育儿效能感及角色适应情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05),干预后1个月及3个月观察组的育儿效能感及角色适应情况均显著好于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论强化健康宣教对初产妇母乳喂养、育儿效能感及角色适应的影响均更为积极,因此在初产妇中的应用价值相对更高。     

产前强化培训对初产妇产后效能感的影响观察

目的观察及分析产前强化培训对初产妇产后效能感的影响程度。方法选取2013年1月至2014年12月于本院进行分娩的86例初产妇为研究对象,将其随机分为对照组(常规护理干预组)43例和观察组(产前强化培训组)43例,然后将两组产妇干预前及产后不同时间的效能感采用BSES量表进行评估,并将不同时间点的评估结果进行比较。结果干预前两组的BSES量表评分均无显著性差异,P均>0.05,而产后1周及2周观察组的BSES量表评分均好于对照组,P均<0.05,均有显著性差异。结论产前强化培训对初产妇产后效能感的影响更为积极,对于提升产妇产后的自我及育儿效能感发挥着积极的临床作用。     

优质护理理念对剖宫产初产妇母乳喂养效能感的影响观察

目的观察及分析优质护理理念对剖宫产初产妇母乳喂养效能感的影响情况。方法选取2013年2月至2015年10月本院的86例剖宫产初产妇为研究对象,将86例剖宫产产妇随机分为对照组43例和观察组43例,对照组进行常规剖宫产产妇护理,观察组则以优质护理理念为指导对产妇进行护理,然后将两组产妇护理前和护理后1、4周时的母乳喂养效能感进行评估,然后比较两组3个时间的评估结果。结果护理前两组剖宫产产妇的母乳喂养效能感2个维度评分和总评分均无明显差异,P均>0.05,而护理后1周及4周观察组的2个维度评分和总评分均高于对照组,P均<0.05。结论优质护理理念对剖宫产初产妇母乳喂养效能感的影响明显好于常规剖宫产护理,对于改善此类产妇的产后育儿状态有积极的临床作用。     

助产护理技能指导对初产妇自我效能及分娩控制的影响分析

目的:探讨助产护理技能指导对初产妇自我效能及分娩控制的影响.方法:选取2019-01～2020-01我院收治的初产妇172例,依据随机数字法分为两组,对照组未应用助产护理技能指导干预,研究组应用助产护理技能指导干预.观察分析两组自我效能、分娩情况、分娩控制感、满意度以及助产士技能情况.结果:研究组自我效能评分高于对照组...     

Social Support,Family Empowerment,Substance Use,and Perceived Parenting Competency during Pregnancy for Women with Substance Use Disorders

Background: Parenting self-efficacy has been linked to positive parent and child outcomes however, little research exists on factors that influence parenting self-efficacy among pregnant women with substance use disorders. Objectives: This study explored substance use severity, social support, and family empowerment as predictors of parenting self-efficacy among pregnant women (N = 71) entering SUD treatment. Methods: The study used a quantitative cross-sectional design. Results: Statistically significant positive correlations emerged between social support and parenting self-efficacy as well as family empowerment and parenting self-efficacy. Family empowerment and social support were also correlated. A backward elimination regression analysis revealed family empowerment to be the strongest predictor of parenting self-efficacy. No relationships were found among substance use severity and the study variables. Conclusions: When promoting parenting self-efficacy, both social support and family empowerment are important domains to consider for treatment planning and resource development among pregnant women with substance use disorders.     

A preliminary study of early childhood parenting and adult past month drug use risk in low-income African American women

PurposeThis preliminary study was designed to assess the feasibility of examining early childhood parenting factors and their relationship with adult past month drug use among low-income African American women.MethodsA cross-sectional survey of 156 low-income African American women was conducted. Measures included the childhood parental bonding scale, frequency of exposure to corporal punishment (CP) in childhood, The Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) and The Differentiation of Self Scale. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to assess the relationship between the primary predictors, latent parental bonding and corporal punishment exposure, with past month drug use. The intermediary construct, emotional reactivity, was also included in the SEM model to test mechanisms of mediation.ResultsThere was a significant main effect for maternal care on lower emotional reactivity patterns in adulthood. There was also a significant main effect for frequent CP on higher emotional reactivity patterns in adulthood. The relationship between both parenting measures and drug use were mediated by emotional reactivity.ConclusionChildhood maternal factors are a strong predictor of adult past month drug use, and this may be accounted for, in part, by the influence that parenting patterns in childhood have on adult emotional reactivity patterns. These observations should be examined in a longitudinal study to determine the stability of our observation that CP in childhood, even when controlling for positive maternal bonding patterns, influences emotional reactivity patterns that predispose an individual to negative coping strategies, such as drug use, in adulthood, among low-income African American women.     

基层妇幼保健院产后延续服务的现状与展望

目的：探讨产后延续护理服务对产妇及新生儿生活质量的影响。方法：选取本院2009年7～10月住院分娩的产妇336名,采用问卷调查的方式。结果：产妇个人护理知识和新生儿护理知识有相当一部分是来自媒体或亲友,其中不乏一些欠妥甚至是错误的观点和方法,需要产后服务的占85.5%,尤其关注的是产妇自身康复及新生儿护理方面的知识。结论：产后延续服务体现了以人为本的医疗护理理念,把家庭生活服务问题纳入产科服务,进一步提高了产后护理质量,同时有助于产妇学习育儿技能、调节自我心理,促进了产妇的康复。产后延续服务降低了新生儿的发病率,提高了产妇的自护能力。     

Community-based parenting and family support interventions and the prevention of drug abuse

This paper presents a model for the development of a comprehensive, multilevel, preventively-oriented parenting and family support strategy to reduce family risk factors associated with drug abuse in young people. If parenting interventions are to make a significant impact at a population level on the prevalence of dysfunctional parenting practices, there is a need for an ecological approach to parenting support. Such an approach needs to target a variety of social contexts that are in a position to provide parents with access to evidence-based parenting interventions. The Triple P-Positive Parenting Program is discussed as an example of such an approach to illustrate the distinguishing features of a population level strategy. The core constructs underpinning the Triple P system include the promotion of parental self-regulation (self-sufficiency, self-efficacy, self-management, personal agency, and problem solving), through making parenting programs of adequate intensity widely available in the community through flexible delivery modalities (individual, group, telephone assisted and self-directed). The system comprises a tiered continuum of increasingly intensive parenting interventions ranging from media interventions with wide reach, to intensive behavioural family interventions with narrow reach for high-risk families where parenting problems are complicated by other factors including marital conflict, parental mood disturbance, and lack of social support. The scientific basis of the system of intervention and possible directions for future research is discussed.     

结构性积极养育计划对产后抑郁患病的影响及其在产后访视中的应用研究

目的 探讨结构性积极养育计划对产后抑郁患病的影响及其在产后访视中的应用.方法 针对在本院5家社区健康服务中心管理的723例产妇,在第1周产后访视时,利用Zung焦虑-抑郁自评量表进行评分,评分结果显示有61例产妇患有不同程度的抑郁症,将抑郁症患者随机分为治疗组31例、对照组30例.对照组采用常规护理模式进行一般护理,治疗组在对照组常规护理的基础上进行结构性积极养育计划的干预,在治疗6周后利用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表（EPDS）对患者进行测评.结果 产后1周,723例产妇中有抑郁症状的患者有61例,比例为8.44%.经过6周的干预后,将治疗组和对照组患者的EPDS得分进行比较,差异有统计学意义（P 〈 0.05）.结论 将结构性积极养育计划应用于产后访视能够有效降低抑郁程度,值得社区推广应用.     

Is parenting style a context for smoking-specific parenting practices?

This study examined whether global parenting style can be regarded as a context in which smoking-specific parenting practices relate to adolescent smoking cognitions and behaviors. Data were gathered through self-administered questionnaires from 482 adolescents aged 12-19 years, who participated in the Study of Medical Information and Lifestyles in Eindhoven (SMILE). We assessed parenting style dimensions (support, strict control, psychological control), smoking-specific parenting practices (parent-child communication about smoking, anti-smoking house rules, availability of tobacco products, non-smoking agreement), smoking-related cognitions according to the I-Change Model (attitude, social norm, self-efficacy, intention), and smoking behavior. Structural equation models were computed and compared for adolescents in different parenting climates. Results showed that communication and availability were related to adolescents' attitude towards smoking. Availability was additionally associated with reduced self-efficacy to refrain from smoking. Attitude and self-efficacy were subsequently related to intention to smoke, which in turn was related to smoking behavior. No direct relations were found between anti-smoking parenting practices and adolescent smoking behavior. These results were not dependent on the parenting climate. Parenting style thus did not serve as a context for smoking-specific parenting practices, indicating that these facets of parenting operate independently, and that anti-smoking parenting practices may be effective regardless of parenting climate.     

Specifying the Neurobiological Basis of Human Attachment: Brain,Hormones, and Behavior in Synchronous and Intrusive Mothers

The mother–infant bond provides the foundation for the infant''s future mental health and adaptation and depends on the provision of species-typical maternal behaviors that are supported by neuroendocrine and motivation-affective neural systems. Animal research has demonstrated that natural variations in patterns of maternal care chart discrete profiles of maternal brain–behavior relationships that uniquely shape the infant''s lifetime capacities for stress regulation and social affiliation. Such patterns of maternal care are mediated by the neuropeptide Oxytocin and by stress- and reward-related neural systems. Human studies have similarly shown that maternal synchrony—the coordination of maternal behavior with infant signals—and intrusiveness—the excessive expression of maternal behavior—describe distinct and stable maternal styles that bear long-term consequences for infant well-being. To integrate brain, hormones, and behavior in the study of maternal–infant bonding, we examined the fMRI responses of synchronous vs intrusive mothers to dynamic, ecologically valid infant videos and their correlations with plasma Oxytocin. In all, 23 mothers were videotaped at home interacting with their infants and plasma OT assayed. Sessions were micro-coded for synchrony and intrusiveness. Mothers were scanned while observing several own and standard infant-related vignettes. Synchronous mothers showed greater activations in the left nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and intrusive mothers exhibited higher activations in the right amygdala. Functional connectivity analysis revealed that among synchronous mothers, left NAcc and right amygdala were functionally correlated with emotion modulation, theory-of-mind, and empathy networks. Among intrusive mothers, left NAcc and right amygdala were functionally correlated with pro-action areas. Sorting points into neighborhood (SPIN) analysis demonstrated that in the synchronous group, left NAcc and right amygdala activations showed clearer organization across time, whereas among intrusive mothers, activations of these nuclei exhibited greater cross-time disorganization. Correlations between Oxytocin with left NAcc and right amygdala activations were found only in the synchronous group. Well-adapted parenting appears to be underlay by reward-related motivational mechanisms, temporal organization, and affiliation hormones, whereas anxious parenting is likely mediated by stress-related mechanisms and greater neural disorganization. Assessing the integration of motivation and social networks into unified neural activity that reflects variations in patterns of parental care may prove useful for the study of optimal vs high-risk parenting.     

自闭症儿童养育者育儿自我效能感的整合性游戏干预探讨

目的 研究育儿自我效能感水平偏低的自闭症儿童养育者整合性游戏干预方法.方法 向自闭症儿童、正常儿童养育者均发放90份问卷,调查其育儿自我效能感,问卷回收有效率分别为82.2％、84.4％,再分别从以上不同群体中各抽取30例育儿自我效能感偏低及自愿配合研究的养育者进行初始沙盘游戏,分别作为试验组、对照组.比较两组受试者育...     

Are Dimensions of Parenting Differentially Linked to Substance Use Across Caucasian and Asian American College Students?

Background: Parental warmth and autonomy granting are commonly thought of as protective factors against substance use among Caucasians. However, limited research has examined whether associations between parenting dimensions and substance use outcomes are the same or different among Asian Americans. Method: A final analytic sample of 839 college students was used to test whether race (Caucasian vs. Asian American) moderated the relations between parenting dimensions and substance use outcomes across Caucasians and Asian Americans. We utilized the Parental Bonding Instrument (Parker, Tupling, & Brown, 1979) to measure maternal and paternal warmth, encouragement of behavioral freedom, and denial of psychological autonomy. Results: Multivariate regression models controlling for covariates including age, gender, and paternal education indicated four significant parenting by race interactions on alcohol problems and/or marijuana use. Specifically, maternal warmth was inversely associated with both alcohol problems and marijuana use among Caucasians but not among Asian Americans. Both maternal and paternal denial of psychological autonomy were positively associated with alcohol problems among Caucasians but not among Asian Americans. Conclusions: Consistent with emerging cross-cultural research, the associations between parenting dimensions and substance use behaviors observed in Caucasian populations may not be readily generalized to Asian Americans. These findings highlight the importance of considering different parenting dimensions in understanding substance use etiology among Asian Americans. Future research should use longitudinal data to replicate these findings across development and seek to identify other parenting dimensions that may be more relevant for Asian American youth.     

高危妊娠管理及分析

目的对高危孕妇产前检查资料进行分析,以求探讨科学的高危妊娠管理方法,保护孕妇、胎儿健康,提高人口素质。方法对2007年6月至2009年6月乐山市妇幼保健院早中孕期高危妊娠孕产妇监测管理进行回顾性分析。结果3390例早中孕期筛查出高危孕产妇1256例,高危妊娠发生率为37%。结论提高早孕建卡率,扩大高危妊娠范围,以便及早发现高危因素并予以管理、监护、处理,才能有效降低孕产妇死亡率、围产儿死亡率,提高健康水平。