喉部分切除术对患者吞咽相关生存质量的远期影响

目的 探讨各种喉部分切除术1年以后对患者吞咽相关生存质量的影响.方法 采用吞咽相关生存质量量表(Swallowing quality-of-life questionnaire,SWAL-QOL)香港中文版,对96例喉部分切除术后1年以上患者的生存质量进行调查.按照手术方式分为4组:环状软骨上喉部分切除环舌骨吻合术(supracricoid partial laryngectomy-cricohyoidopexy,SCPL-CHP,以下简称CHP)、环状软骨上喉部分切除环舌骨会厌吻合术(supracricoid partial laryngectomy-cricohyoidoepiglottopexy,SCPL-CHEP,以下简称CHEP)、声门上喉水平部分切除术、喉垂直部分切除术.结果 采用多元方差分析,可见喉癌术式对生存质量各维度的总体效应差异具有统计学意义(F=8.5,P＜0.01)；除外疲倦和睡眠2个维度,另外9个维度差异均具有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01).Bonferroni法两两比较4种术式在这9个维度得分的差异:除了言语交流维度,喉垂直部分切除术组均是近满分表现,CHP、CHEP、喉水平部分切除术组在多个维度得分显著低于喉垂直部分切除术组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05)；CHP组在多个维度均为4组中的最低分,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05)；喉水平部分切除术和CHEP组在除外言语频率的其他维度中差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05)；误咽患者在社会功能等维度得分偏低.结论 喉癌术式对患者术后吞咽相关的长期生存质量有显著影响,CHP对吞咽相关生存质量影响最大,喉垂直部分切除术患者吞咽相关生存质量最好.长期误咽对患者的影响是多维的,可导致患者的社会功能退化.     

喉切除术后患者生存质量的调查及分析

目的　探讨自行制定喉切除术后患者生存质量量表应用于患者生存质量研究的可行性。方法　按规范制定喉切除术后患者生存质量量表 ;对 36例喉部分切除和 4 5例喉全切除的患者进行上述量表问卷调查 ,考核该量表的信度和效度 ;分析喉切除术后患者生存质量及其影响因素。结果　制定的喉切除术后患者生存质量量表由 2 2个指标组成 ,包含 6个方面。量表的信度较好 ,准则关联效度及内容效度有效 ;其分半信度和克朗巴赫系数分别为 0 84 2和 0 889。喉部分切除组与喉全切除组患者生存质量总分的差异有统计学意义 (P <0 0 0 1) ,前者生存质量高于后者 ;其中身体机能、喉功能、心理状态、独立生活能力方面的差异亦有统计学意义 (P值分别 <0 0 0 1、<0 0 0 1、<0 0 1、<0 0 5 )。术式、肿瘤分期、手术并发症、合并症、家庭收入、发音方式及是否佩戴全喉套管是喉切除术后患者生存质量的影响因素。结论　该研究制定的生存质量量表有较好的信度及效度 ,其内容具有喉切除术的专业特性 ,可应用于喉切除术后患者生存质量的调查研究。     

晚期喉癌患者术后生存回顾性分析

目的:比较临床Ⅲ、Ⅳ期喉癌患者部分喉及全喉切除术后的生存情况。方法:回顾性分析我科行手术治疗的126例临床Ⅲ、Ⅳ期喉癌患者,用乘积限法进行生存分析,比较各因素与晚期喉癌术后患者生存率的关系。结果:126例患者中临床Ⅲ期80例,临床Ⅳ期46例。行部分喉切除术65例,行全喉切除者61例。126例患者中5年内共死亡24例,其中部分喉切除者15例,全喉切除者9例。部分喉切除术、全喉切除术5年生存率分别为62.58%、68.74%。2组患者生存曲线差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:对于晚期喉癌患者,在手术适应证掌握良好的前提下,可行部分喉切除术,其5年生存率与行全喉切除术者差异无统计学意义。     

细胞骨架分子与喉鳞状细胞癌患者复发及预后的关系

目的 观察细胞骨架分子Fascin-1,Ezrin及Paxillin在喉鳞状细胞癌(简称鳞癌)组织中的表达,并评价三者对喉鳞癌复发风险及预后的预测价值.方法 采用免疫组化Max Vision二步法观察三种蛋白在199例患者喉鳞癌组织中的表达情况,通过非条件Logistic回归及单因素、多因素生存分析,总结三者在喉鳞癌复发风险预测及预后评估中的价值.结果 三种蛋白分别在低分化、颈淋巴转移及临床晚期(Ⅲ+Ⅳ)喉鳞癌组织中表达增强趋势(P值均＜0.05),且三者表达呈正相关趋势(P值均＜0.001).三种蛋白分别在复发组中的表达强度高于未复发组(x2值分别为42.479,43.673和22.261,P＜0.05).三种蛋白联合高表达患者中复发病例构成比为69.1％,高于其他联合表达模式组中的构成比(P ＜0.001),且Fascin-1(比值比为7.89,95％可信区间为2.26～27.53,P=0.001)及Ezrin(比值比为2.51,95％可信区间为1.18 ～5.32,P＜0.001)为影响喉鳞癌复发的独立危险因素.三种蛋白分别高表达患者的5年无瘤生存率均降低(P＜0.05),而三者联合高表达患者5年无瘤生存率更低,为26.4％ (P＜0.05).三种蛋白均为影响患者预后独立危险因素(P＜0.05).结论 Fascin-1,Ezrin,Paxillin不仅与喉鳞癌的恶性进展相关,还与复发风险及预后不良相关.联合检测三者表达情况,有助于喉鳞癌复发风险预测及预后评估.     

喉癌术后生存质量研究

目的:比较各种因素对喉癌患者术后生存质量的影响。方法:回顾性分析行手术治疗的303例喉癌患者,采用中文版(EORTC)QLQ-C30(V3.0)及QLQ-H&N35生存质量问卷进行评估,比较各因素与喉癌术后患者生存质量的关系。结果:303例患者中目前仍保留气管造瘘者78例(其中全喉切除59例,部分喉切除19例);4例仍带鼻饲管。女性患者在躯体功能、总健康状况等方面不如男性(P<0.05)。高龄患者较低龄患者躯体功能及语言能力差(P<0.05)。声门型患者总健康状况最好,而吞咽问题方面声门上型最差。临床晚期(Ⅲ、Ⅳ期)患者在多个领域得分不如临床早期(Ⅰ、Ⅱ期)患者,Ⅲ期患者比Ⅳ期患者吞咽问题更明显。微创手术及喉裂开声带切除术比部分及全喉切除者生存质量好。部分喉切除者在躯体功能、情绪功能、总健康状况、感觉、语言、咳嗽、病态感、进食管等领域比全喉切除者好,但在疲倦、疼痛、气促、吞咽、口干、唾液黏稠领域不如后者;而水平部分喉切除者吞咽问题明显。术式是影响语言功能的独立因素。手术同期行颈廓清者比未做颈廓清者有更多的不适症状。有气管造瘘者在生存质量的多个领域明显差于无气管造瘘者,且是语言功能和总健康状况领域的独立影响因素。结论:各临床特征影响不同的生存质量领域。术式是影响语言功能的独立因素。是否有气管造瘘是影响总健康状况的重要因素。     

喉切除术后患者生活质量的研究

目的研究喉切除术后患者的生活质量及其意义。方法以综合生活质量评定问卷调查了42例行喉切除术后患者的生活质量,研究生活质量主客观指标之间和各维度之间的相互关系及其对生活质量的影响。结果 喉切除术后患者的生活质量在心理功能和社会功能维度主客观指标间呈现显著差异。主观满意度对生活质量的影响大于客观状态。客观状态较差时对主观生活满意度的影响较大,客观状态较好时对主观生活满意度的影响较小。影响躯体功能和社会功能的最重要的因素均为心理功能。影响心理功能最重要的因素为躯体功能。在对生存时间和生活质量做出选择时,多数患者首选生存时间。结论全面研究喉切除术后患者的生活质量可为临床决策提供重要依据,心理干预可望在提高患者生活质量方面起到重要作用。     

喉环状软骨上部分切除术后患者生活质量评估

目的 评估喉环状软骨上部分切除术后患者的生活质量及其影响因素.方法 分析44例患者生存率,采用生存质量表(UW-QOL)、头颈肿瘤患者行为状态量表(PSS-HN)、表现状态量表(KPS)联合评估其生活质量和分析影响因素.结果 44例喉癌患者3年生存率为86.3％,早、晚期喉癌患者3年生存率分别为95.8％和77.8％....     

喉切除术后患者生活质量的研究

目的 研究喉切除术后患者的生活质量及其意义。方法 以综合生活质量评定问卷调查了42例行喉切除术后患者的生活质量，研究生活质量主客观指标之间和各维度之间的相互关系及其对生活质量的影响。结果 喉切除术后患者的生活质量在心理功能和社会功能维度主客观指标间呈现显著差异。主观满意度对生活质量的影响大于客观状态。客观状态较筹时对主观生活满意度的影响较大，客观状态较好时对主观生活满意度的影响较小。影响躯体功能和社会功能的最重要的因素均为心理功能。影响心理功能最重要的因素为躯体功能。在对生存时间和生活质量做出选择时，多数患者首选生存时间。结论 全面研究喉切除术后患者的生活质量可为临床决策提供重要依据，心理干预可望在提高患者生活质量方面起到重要作用。     

喉癌喉大部切除后功能恢复及生存率评价

目的　评价喉环上部分切除术带蒂软骨膜或肌膜整复喉腔、并重建“杓区”的临床应用价值 ,探讨提高治疗中晚期喉癌生存率及生存质量的方法。方法　回顾分析 15 9例喉次全切除术的临床资料 ,其中喉环上部分切除喉腔成形术 46例 ,喉水平垂直部分切除术 ( 3 / 4喉切除 ) 5 8例 ,喉环上部分切除术 2 6例 ,Pearson手术 2 9例。比较各术式术后喉的呼吸、发音、吞咽功能恢复情况。结果　喉环上部分切除喉腔成形术 3、5年生存率分别为 84 8% ( 3 9/ 46) ,75 0 % ( 2 7/ 3 6) ;拔管率 91 3 % ( 42 /46) ,3周内恢复吞咽功能 86 9% ( 40 / 42 ) ,语言响亮清晰者 89 1% ( 41/ 46)。 3、5年生存率与其他术式相比较 ,差异无显著性 ( χ2 值 =1 0 2 ,P >0 5 ) ,拔管率及语言清晰方面均优于其他 3种术式 (Hc =12 3 69,P <0 0 5 ) ,3周内吞咽功能恢复情况好于喉环上部分切除术及喉水平垂直部分切除术 (Hc =40 914,P <0 0 0 1)。结论　喉环上部分切除喉腔成形术在不影响生存率的同时 ,有效恢复喉的全部功能 ,拔管率高 ,误吸低 ,语言响亮清晰 ,提高了患者生存质量     

喉癌患者手术后生存质量的变化研究现状

喉癌的手术治疗方式对患者的生存质量有着重要的影响,在过去10年来国内学者采用华盛顿大学生存质量量表、头颈肿瘤治疗功能性评估量表、密执安大学头颈癌患者生存质量量表、欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织生存质量核心量表及头颈部特异量表、生活质量综合评定问卷等通用量表及自行研制的喉切除术后患者生存质量量表、社会角色的转变问卷等该领域进行了大量研究.对相关文献进行综述,提示喉部分切除术后患者的总体生存质量优于喉全切除术后患者,喉部分切除术患者在言语交流、外貌等生存质量方面明显优于喉全切除术后患者,从而使喉部分切除术后患者能够更好地融入社会,享有相对较好的生活状态.     

Oxidants and antioxidants in tonsillar and adenoidal tissue in chronic adenotonsillitis and adenotonsillar hypertrophy in children

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to determine the possible role of oxidants and antioxidants in the pathogenesis of chronic adenotonsillitis and adenotonsillar hypertrophy in children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The children were divided into infection and hypertrophy groups, which were comparable according to age and gender distribution. The infection group was consisted of 20 children with the diagnosis of chronic adenotonsillitis and the hypertrophy group was made up of 19 children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy to whom adenotonsillectomy was performed. Preoperative blood levels of erythrocyte MDA, serum MDA, erythrocyte catalase and serum catalase, and adenoidal and tonsillar tissue levels of MDA and catalase were studied. RESULTS: There were significant increase in tonsil MDA, adenoid MDA, tonsil catalase and adenoid catalase levels in infection group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Oxidants and antioxidants are found to have an important role in the pathogenesis of adenotonsillar hypertrophy and chronic adenotonsillitis. These findings strengthen the hypothesis that indicates adenotonsillar hypertrophy and chronic adenotonsillitis are different diseases of the same tissues.     

Mismatch negativity in aging and in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases

Mismatch negativity (MMN) is an auditory event-related potential (ERP) that reflects automatic stimulus discrimination in the human auditory system. By varying the interstimulus intervals (ISIs), the MMN can be used as an index of auditory sensory memory. This paper focuses on MMN findings in aging and in Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's diseases (PD). The accumulated data suggest that MMN to duration deviance, unlike MMN to frequency deviance, is reduced in amplitude in aging at short ISIs. The attenuated MMN to frequency deviance observed at long ISIs in elderly subjects seems to be caused by age-related memory trace decay. Existing results suggest that automatic discrimination for the frequency change is not affected in the early phase of AD, whereas the memory trace seems to decay faster in AD patients. The present findings on PD are not as conclusive, although they tentatively suggest deteriorated automatic change detection. The MMN appears to offer an objective tool for studying auditory processing and memory trace decay in different neurological disorders.     

Outpatient management in plastic and reconstructive head and neck surgery in France

The present review lays out the main principles governing outpatient management in the French health system in 2018, and more specifically in plastic and reconstructive head and neck surgery. The historical regulatory aspects and the changes of the last few years are explained, along with the trends and health authorities’ expectations for the years to come. The main limitations to implementing outpatient procedures are the common to all surgical specialities, plastic and reconstructive head and neck surgery being no exception. Apart from purely technical aspects concerning surgical procedure and anesthesia, there are issues concerning institutional approval, the organization and continuity of health care, and the patient's environment. The French General Inspectorate of Social Affairs (IGAS), in its 2012 report on the assessment and pricing of hospital care and medical acts, stated that outpatient surgery was becoming standard practice and conventional admission a fall-back, with the aim of meeting the requirement to provide more care without more expenditure. Outpatient plastic and reconstructive head and neck surgery may be available for most patients, but still presupposes certain conditions.     

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator expression and proliferation stimulation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro and in situ

BACKGROUND: Stimulation of proliferative activity by urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) has been demonstrated in vitro for cultured primary and carcinoma cells. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of uPA stimulation on cultured squamous cell carcinoma cell lines of the head and neck in vitro and to compare the results with the situation in tumor tissue specimens. DESIGN: The uPA-mediated growth stimulation of 2 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines after suppression of endogenous uPA production was monitored by measuring (3)H-thymidine uptake into cellular DNA. Alternatively, applications of antibodies against the uPA-binding domain of the urokinase receptor were used to suppress autostimulation. To analyze the situation in situ we performed Western blot and zymographic studies on tissue homogenates of 25 squamous cell carcinoma specimens. We tested the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a marker for proliferative activity, and uPA in tissue lysates and correlated uPA and PCNA expression by regression analysis. RESULTS: High-molecular-weight urokinase had a proliferation stimulative effect on both cell lines in vitro. The uPA autostimulation was decreased by blocking the uPA-binding domain of urokinase receptor with antibodies. Regression analysis of zymographic and Western blot data of tumor tissue lysates revealed no significant coherency between PCNA and uPA expression. Immunohistochemical stainings frequently showed different sublocalization of uPA and PCNA within tumors. CONCLUSION: In vitro uPA-mediated growth stimulation is not necessarily transferable to the in situ situation.     

Changes in nasal cavity dimensions in children and adults by gender and age

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to establish the dynamics of changes in the intranasal spaces of children and adults by gender and age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Each side of the nasal cavity was evaluated separately in 366 healthy subjects 9 to 74 years old. The following acoustic rhinometry parameters were analyzed: 1) I-C, distance between the isthmus nasi (I) and the head of the inferior turbinate (C); 2) CA-I, cross-sectional area at the isthmus nasi; 3) CA-C, at the head of the inferior turbinate; and 4) CA-F, the highest point on the rhinometric curve between points I and C. RESULTS: Before age 11 years, the intranasal spaces were slightly larger in girls than in boys. After age 11 years the nasal parameters were larger in boys than in girls. The growth rates before age 17 years were as follows: I-C: 0.073 cm/yr, 0.135 cm/yr, CA-F: 0.055 cm2/yr, 0.133 cm2/yr (P < .00001), and CA-C: 0.010 cm2/yr, 0.034 cm2/yr (P < .02) in girls and boys, respectively. In subjects older than 16 years, the mean values of I-C were 1.707 cm, 1.934 cm (P < .0001), and of CA-C, 0.493 cm2, 0.611 cm2 (P < .0001) in women and men, respectively, and changed slightly over the year. CONCLUSIONS: The parameters of intranasal spaces depend on age and gender. The dynamics of the changes is greater in boys than in girls and usually the growth is completed by the age of 16. After this age, nasal cavities are bigger in men than in women.     

ATP induces respiratory ciliostimulation in rat and guinea pig in vitro and in vivo.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has been shown to revitalize the disturbed nasal mucociliary function in man. We investigated the effects of ATP on the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in animals by immersing tracheal explants from rats in various concentrations of ATP, and by infusing ATP intravenously to guinea pigs. CBF was measured with a photodetector technique from the surface of the explants or from the incised trachea. ATP (from 0.01 to 1 mg/ml) in vitro increased CBF in rat tracheal explants up to 10.5% (p less than 0.05). In vivo ATP (1 mg/kg) increased the CBF by 29% (p less than 0.01) in the guinea pig trachea. As the CBF was increased by ATP, both in vitro and in vivo, it can be suggested that the improvement in mucociliary transport by exogenous ATP as shown in previous studies is caused by the ciliostimulatory effect of ATP.