稳定表达人α-分泌酶adam10基因启动子荧光素酶报告基因细胞系的构建研究

目的 构建携带adam10基因启动子的荧光素酶报告载体,筛选稳定表达细胞系并分析其活性.方法 提取人神经母细胞瘤细胞(SH-SY5Y细胞)基因组DNA,以其为模板,PCR扩增adam10基因启动子并克隆至荧光素酶报告载体pGL4.17中,构建adam10基因启动子荧光素酶报告载体pGL4.17-adam10,将其转染SH-SY5Y细胞(无启动子的pGL4.17载体作阴性对照,带有CMV启动子的pGL4.51载体作阳性对照),经G418进行稳定表达株的筛选,用1μmol/L维甲酸处理细胞4d后检测其荧光活性.结果 成功扩增到438 bp的adam10基因启动子,pGL4.17-adam10经PCR和双酶切鉴定均正确.SH-SY5Y细胞被该载体转染后经G418筛选得到稳定表达adam10基因启动子的细胞株,经检测具有较强的转录活性;1μmol/L雏甲酸能诱导adam10基因启动子高效表达.结论 成功构建了人adam10基因启动子荧光素酶报告载体,adam10基因启动子在SH-SY5Y细胞中能稳定表达,为深入研究adam10基因的表达调控、多态性分析及其高通量药物筛选提供基础.     

大鼠Caspase 8基因启动子荧光素酶报告质粒的构建及其与IRF-1结合位点的鉴定

目的:构建大鼠Caspase 8基因启动子(全长和截短)荧光素酶报告质粒,并观察在人胚肾细胞(HEK293)中,过表达干扰素调节因子-1(interferon regulatory factor-1,IRF-1)对Caspase 8基因启动活性的影响?同时,筛选其可能的IRF-1结合位点?方法:采用PCR技术,扩增出大鼠Caspase 8基因启动子序列(-1136~+101 nt),将Caspase 8基因启动子插入到荧光素酶报告基因载体pGL3-basic中?将Caspase 8基因启动子全长荧光素酶报告质粒(pGL3-Caspase 8-FL)和大鼠野生型IRF-1表达质粒(pcDNA3.1-IRF-1)共转染HEK293细胞,检测其荧光素酶活性,确定IRF-1对Caspase 8基因的启动作用?另用生物信息学软件预测Caspase 8基因启动子上IRF-1潜在的结合位点,并构建Caspase 8基因启动子截短的荧光素酶报告质粒(即pGL3-Caspase 8-1~4)?将上述Caspase 8基因启动子全长和各截短的荧光素酶报告质粒和IRF-1过表达质粒共转染HEK293细胞,再行荧光素酶活性测定,筛选IRF-1的结合位点?结果:菌液PCR及核酸测序证实,上述荧光素酶报告质粒均构建成功?将pGL3-Caspase 8-FL和pcDNA3.1-IRF-1共转染HEK293细胞发现,Caspase 8基因启动子活性显著增加?而将pGL3-Caspase 8-FL?pGL3-Caspase 8-1~4和pcDNA3.1-IRF-1共转染HEK293细胞后证实,pGL3-Caspase 8-4的启动活性显著低于pGL3-Caspase 8-2和pGL3-Caspase 8-3?提示IRF-1可能结合在Caspase 8基因启动子的-336~-136 nt区域?结论:本实验成功构建了大鼠Caspase 8基因启动子全长及截短荧光素酶报告质粒,并初步筛查出IRF-1在Caspase 8基因启动子上的结合区域?     

大鼠XAF1基因启动子荧光素酶报告质粒的构建及IRF-1结合位点的鉴定

目的:构建大鼠X染色体连锁的凋亡抑制蛋白相关因子1(X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis associated factor 1,XAF1)基因启动子(全长和截断)荧光素酶报告质粒,并观察在人胚肾细胞HEK293中过表达干扰素调节因子-1(interferon regulatory factor-1,IRF-1)对XAF1基因启动活性的影响,同时,筛选其可能的IRF-1结合位点?方法:采用PCR技术,扩增出大鼠XAF1基因启动子序列(-1497 ~ +166 nt),将XAF1基因启动子插入荧光素酶报告基因载体pGL3-basic中获得pGL3-XAF1-QC,与大鼠野生型IRF-1表达质粒(pcDNA3.1-IRF-1)共转染HEK293细胞,检测其荧光素酶活性,确定IRF-1对XAF1基因的启动作用?同时,应用生物信息学软件预测XAF1基因启动子上IRF-1潜在的结合位点,并构建截断的XAF1基因启动子荧光素酶报告质粒(pGL3-XAF1-1?pGL3-XAF1-2?pGL3-XAF1-3和pGL3-XAF1-4)?将上述全长和各截断的XAF1基因启动子荧光素酶报告质粒和IRF-1过表达质粒共转染HEK293细胞,再行荧光素酶活性测定,筛选IRF-1的结合位点?结果:菌液PCR及核酸测序证实,上述荧光素酶报告质粒均构建成功?将pGL3-XAF1-QC和pcDNA3.1-IRF-1共转染HEK293细胞发现,XAF1基因启动子活性显著增加?而将pGL3-XAF1-QC?pGL3-XAF1(1~4号)和pcDNA3.1-IRF-1共转染HEK293细胞后证实,pGL3-XAF1-3的启动活性显著低于pGL3-XAF1-1和pGL3-XAF1-2?提示IRF-1可能结合在大鼠XAF1基因启动子的-337 ~ -47 nt区域?结论:本实验成功构建了大鼠全长及截断的XAF1基因启动子荧光素酶报告质粒,并初步筛查出IRF-1在XAF1基因启动子上的结合区域,为后续研究奠定了基础?     

转录因子GATA结合蛋白3对哮喘易感基因ADAM33表达的影响

目的:探讨转录因子GATA结合蛋白3(GATA binding protein 3,GATA3)对解整合素-金属蛋白酶33(a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 33,ADAM33)基因启动子活性及mRNA表达的影响。方法:以人正常肺上皮BEAS-2B细胞DNA为模板经PCR扩增得到ADAM33基因启动子区1 953 bp片段。通过双酶切、连接、转化等步骤将该片段克隆至pGL3-Basic载体构建ADAM33启动子重组质粒,并将其转染至人HEK293T、BEAS-2B细胞中;利用双荧光素酶报告基因技术检测HEK293T、BEAS-2B细胞中所构建的质粒启动子活性。将HEK293T、BEAS-2B细胞分为pcDNA-GATA3组和pcDNA3.1对照组,分别转染GATA3过表达质粒和空白对照质粒,用双荧光素酶报告基因技术检测荧光素酶活性;用实时荧光定量PCR检测BEAS-2B细胞中ADAM33 mRNA相对表达水平。结果:通过PCR、双酶切和测序鉴定,成功构建含ADAM33启动子片段的重组质粒;重组质粒的ADAM33启动子活性较pGL3-Basic对照组...     

Klotho基因启动子区域定位及活性分析

目的构建含不同长度klotho基因启动子片段的报告基因载体,研究其在不同细胞系中的转录活性。方法以人全血基因组DNA为模板,克隆长短不同的klotho基因启动子片段,命名为klothoⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ;分别克隆入荧光素酶报告基因质粒pGL3-Basic构建真核表达载体;采用Lipofectamine 2000将重组质粒分别和pRL-TK共转染HEK293和HeLa细胞,分析不同长度的klotho基因启动子片段在细胞内的转录活性。结果双酶切和测序鉴定均显示表达载体构建成功;klotho基因的核心启动子区域位于-504～-6;双荧光素酶活性检测显示klothoⅢ在2种细胞中的转录活性明显高于klothoⅠ、Ⅱ(P<0.05),而klothoⅣ的转录活性在HEK293细胞中能维持高水平,在HeLa细胞中显著下降(P<0.01)。结论 klotho基因启动子在不同细胞中的转录活性不同,-973～-504区域可能是导致HeLa细胞中klothoⅣ转录活性下降的原因。     

人细胞表面黏附分子P选择素启动子报告基因的构建及鉴定

目的构建人细胞表面黏附分子P选择素（p-selectin）基因启动子荧光素酶报告基因载体pGL3-pselectin-promoter,检测其 转录活性,并应用于筛选药物对其转录活性的影响。方法根据UCSC软件查找的人基因组DNA的p-selectin启动子序列并设 计两端引物,扩增人基因组DNA中的p-selectin启动子。用限制性内切酶KpnⅠ和XhoⅠ双酶切质粒pGL3-Basic和p-selectin启 动子后,将p-selectin基因启动子插入到pGL3-basic报告基因载体上。重组质粒命名为pGL3-pselectin-promoter。将其与内参 质粒pRL-SV40瞬时共转染293F细胞,检测双荧光素酶活性。对不同启动子片段长度的p选择素报告基因进行双荧光素酶的 检测。以炎症因子和药物分组刺激转染了报告基因质粒的293F细胞并检测双荧光素酶活性。结果成功构建p-selectin基因启 动子荧光素酶报告基因载体pGL3-pselectin-promoter,质粒酶切及测序结果完全正确。瞬时共转染pGL3-pselectin-promoter/ pRL-SV40 组荧光素酶活性为0.8573±0.4703,高于转染pGL3-Basic/pRL-SV40 组的荧光素酶活性值0.03955±0.05894。 pGL3-1826 bp相比较于pGL3-1092 bp组和pGL3-3738 bp组具有最强的转录活性。炎症因子LPS和TNF-α和药物As2O3均具 有上调pGL3-pselectin-promoter转录活性的作用。结论pGL3-pselectin-promoter在293F细胞中能被转录激活,并验证了炎症 因子对其转录表达的作用,并为药物筛选与评价提供解决方案。     

大鼠IL-6基因启动子荧光素酶报告质粒的构建及其与C/EBP β结合位点的鉴定

目的:构建大鼠IL-6基因启动子(全长和截短)荧光素酶报告质粒并予鉴定,观察人胚肾细胞(HEK293)中过表达CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白 β(CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β,C/EBP β)对该质粒基因启动子活性的影响?同时,筛选C/EBP β与IL-6基因启动子区的结合位点?方法:采用PCR技术,扩增出大鼠IL-6基因启动子全长序列(-1 791~ +30 nt),将IL-6基因启动子插入荧光素酶报告基因载体pGL3-basic中?将IL-6基因启动子全长荧光素酶报告质粒(pGL3-IL-6-1)和大鼠野生型C/EBP β表达质粒(pIRES2-EGFP-C/EBP β)共转染HEK293细胞,检测其荧光素酶活性,确定C/EBP β对IL-6基因的启动作用?另用生物信息学软件预测IL-6基因启动子上C/EBP β潜在的结合位点,并构建IL-6基因启动子截短的荧光素酶报告质粒(即pGL3-IL-6-2~5)?将上述IL-6基因启动子全长和各截短的荧光素酶报告质粒和C/EBP β过表达质粒共转染HEK293细胞,再行荧光素酶活性测定,筛选出C/EBP β的结合位点?结果:菌液PCR及核酸测序证实,上述荧光素酶报告质粒均构建成功?将pGL3-IL-6-1和pIRES2-EGFP-C/EBP β共转染HEK293细胞发现,IL-6基因启动子活性显著增加?另将pGL3-IL-6-1?pGL3-IL-6-2~5和pIRES2-EGFP-C/EBP β共转染HEK293细胞后发现,pGL3-IL-6-5的启动活性显著低于其他组?提示C/EBP β可能结合在IL-6基因启动子的-618 bp~ -126 bp区域?结论:成功构建了大鼠IL-6基因启动子全长及截短荧光素酶报告质粒,并初步筛查出了C/EBP β在IL-6基因启动子上的结合部位?     

Survivin启动子的克隆及其在膀胱癌细胞BIU87中的活性鉴定

目的克隆Survivin启动子的有效片段,并检测其在人膀胱癌细胞株BIU87和人正常膀胱上皮细胞SV-HUC-1中的转录活性。方法用PCR扩增Survivin基因的启动子片段,克隆入荧光素酶报告质粒pGL3-Basic,构建pGL3BSurvivin重组质粒,用脂质体法瞬时转染BIU87及SV-HUC-1中,检测Survivin启动子在细胞中的转录活性。同时构建含CMV启动子的pGL3BCMV重组质粒作为阳性对照。48h后收集转染细胞与荧光素酶底物反应,检测荧光素酶活性。结果成功克隆440 bp的Survivin基因启动子,并构建了携带有Survivin基因启动子的pGL3Basic真核表达载体,转染BIU87细胞后的荧光素酶活性为2 286.98±440.21,而SV-HUC-1荧光素酶活性为12.32±1.16,两者差异有统计学意义（〈0.01）。结论本实验成功克隆的Survivin启动子在BIU87细胞中表现出较高的肿瘤特异性活性,其有可能作为调控元件用于膀胱癌的靶向性基因治疗。     

大鼠GLUT3基因启动子区荧光素酶报告基因载体的构建与鉴定

目的:克隆大鼠葡萄糖转运体3(glucose transporter 3,GLUT3)基因启动子区,并构建其萤火虫荧光素酶报告基因载体。方法:在对大鼠GLUT3基因5′侧翼区进行详尽生物信息学特征分析后,设计相应引物,用PCR的方法从大鼠基因组中扩增出GLUT3基因5′侧翼区-1037～155bp段长为1 292bp的启动子区(以翻译起始点ATG为+1),再用定向克隆的方法将这一启动子区片段定向重组入专门用于启动子活性研究的萤火虫荧光素酶报告基因载体(pGL3-basic)中,构建出包含大鼠GLUT3基因启动子区的萤火虫荧光素酶报告基因载体(pGL3-GLUT3),电泳与测序鉴定,最后再将pGL 3-GLUT3与内参pRL-TK用脂质体转染的方法瞬时共转染PC12和原代培养的神经元中,通过双荧光素酶报告基因检测系统鉴定pGL 3-GLUT3的启动子活性,并用独立样本t检验方法进行统计分析。对照组共转染pGL3-basic与内参pRL-TK。结果:构建出荧光素酶报告基因载体pGL3-GLUT3。与转染空质粒pGL3-basic组相比,原代神经细胞中转染pGL3-GLUT3组荧光素酶活性升高(5.182 9±0.264 8 vs 2.893 1±0.775 4,P=0.008),在PC12细胞中转染pGL3-GLUT3组荧光素酶活性也升高(2.797 7±0.512 0 vs 1.179 8±0.312 5,P=0.010)。结论:成功克隆GLUT3基因启动子区,并构建出包含GLUT3基因启动子片段的荧光素酶报告基因载体,并且在PC12和原代培养的神经元中pGL 3-GLUT3可以表现出启动子活性。这为后续大鼠GLUT3基因转录调控研究提供研究素材。     

小鼠Lrp5基因基本启动子分析

目的：研究小鼠Lrp5基因基本启动子。方法：PCR扩增小鼠Lrp5基因基本启动子序列，构建荧光素酶报告基因表达体系，以PRL—TK为内参照质粒，瞬时转染COS-7细胞，48h后收集细胞测定荧光素酶相对表达活性。结果：在小鼠Lrp5基因基本启动子区域，构建了三种荧光素酶报告基因表达体系pGL3—16(-16bp- 132bp)、pGL3—54(-54bp- 132bp)和pGL3—103(-103bp- 132bp)。pGL3—103表达载体的相对荧光素酶活性最高；pGL3—54的相对荧光素酶活性是pGL3—103表达载体的80％；而pGL3—16相对荧光素酶表达活性急剧下降，与阴性对照pGL3-basic的活性相近，无启动子活性。结论：-54bp--16bp区域内含有小鼠Lrp5基因转录所必需的基本启动子序列，其中三个SP1保守序列是小鼠Lrp5基因基本启动子所必需的。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.