瘤周压迫加瘤内注射平阳霉素与地塞米松治疗口腔颌面部血管瘤

目的 :观察瘤周压迫加平阳霉素与地塞米松联合注射治疗口腔颌面部海绵状血管瘤的疗效与不良反应。方法 :1 1 0例口腔颌面部海绵状血管瘤病人随机分为 2组 :治疗组 5 8例用平阳霉素 8mg加地塞米松 5mg溶于 2 %利多卡因 4mL中 ,瘤体周围用塑料杯压迫以阻断血流 ,瘤体内注射 ;对照组5 2例用药方法同治疗组 ,只是不用塑料杯压迫。结果 :治疗组总有效率 93 % ,对照组 71 % (P <0 .0 1 )。2组均未发现明显不良反应。结论 :瘤周压迫加平阳霉素与地塞米松联合注射治疗口腔颌面部海绵状血管瘤疗效优于单纯用药组     

平阳霉素等联合治疗颌面部海绵状血管瘤58例

目的:探讨平阳霉素、地塞米松和鱼肝油酸钠联合治疗颌面部海绵状血管瘤的疗效.方法:颌面部海绵状血管瘤患者58例,用平阳霉素8 mg溶解在地塞米松溶液1 mL内,加1%普鲁卡因4 mL,然后将上述液体注射于血管瘤瘤体内,根据瘤体的大小、患者年龄,再注射0.5～2.0 mL鱼肝油酸钠.一般平阳霉素每次不超过8 mg,1周注射1次,3～5次为1个疗程,平阳霉素总量＜40 mg.结果:58例患者经治疗后2 a随访,治愈率74.14%,基本治愈率20.69%,好转5.17%,总有效率100.00%.结论:平阳霉素、地塞米松及鱼肝油酸钠联合注射治疗颌面部海绵状血管瘤安全有效.     

平阳霉素瘤内注射治疗口腔颌面部血管瘤临床观察

目的 :观察平阳霉素局部注射治疗口腔颌面部血管瘤的疗效及不良反应 ,分析影响疗效的因素。方法 :将平阳霉素 8mg+ 2 %利多卡因注射液 4m L +地塞米松 5 m g配制成注射剂 ,根据病变部位、瘤体大小及患者年龄酌情注入以上制剂 1m L～ 5 m L,每隔 7d重复用药一次 ,直至治愈为止 ,总药量一般不超过 5 0 m g。结果 :本组 40例 ,随访观察90 d～ 2 a,显效 2 8例 ,有效 10例 ,无效 2例 ,无 1例发生肺毒性反应。结论 :平阳霉素瘤内注射治疗口腔颌面部血管瘤方法简便、安全、疗效确切 ,尤其适用于毛细血管型、混合型血管瘤及中小型海绵状血管瘤     

瘤周缝扎加平阳霉素注射治疗颌面部血管瘤

目的 :观察平阳霉素治疗口腔颌面部血管瘤的疗效。方法 :选择有完整病历资料的住院病人 2 2例(1995年～ 2 0 0 0年 )行瘤周围缝扎后 ,瘤腔内注射平阳霉素 ,通过术后 0 .5～ 5年的疗效观察作出评价。结果 :2 2例海绵状血管瘤患者经缝扎加平阳霉素瘤腔内注射均达瘤体闭锁无残留 ,经过术后 0 .5～ 5年的观察未见复发。结论 :瘤周缝扎加平阳霉素注射治疗口腔颌面部血管瘤安全 ,疗效肯定。     

平阳霉素加地塞米松治疗颌面部海绵状血管瘤的临床研究

目的 :研究平阳霉素加地塞米松注射治疗颌面部海绵状血管瘤的疗效。方法 :用平阳霉素加地塞米松注射治疗颌面部海绵状血管瘤 3 6例 ,对其疗效进行总结分析 ,讨论平阳霉素治疗的作用机理。结果 :治愈和基本治愈率为 83 .3 3 % ,总有效率为 10 0 %。结论 :平阳霉素加地塞米松治疗颌面部海绵状血管瘤是一种安全、可靠、简便、易行的有效方法。     

平阳霉素治疗颌面部海绵状血管瘤的临床应用

目的：总结平阳霉素瘤内注射治疗颌面部海绵状血管瘤的效果,探讨平阳霉素的作用机制。方法：收集2000年1月～2009年12月用平阳霉素注射治疗颌面部海绵状血瘤120例,7～14d注射1次。结果：治愈118例,治愈率为98.33%。无效2例。结论：平阳霉素治疗颌面部海绵状血管瘤疗效高,疗程短,可作为治疗颌面部海绵状血管瘤的首选方法。     

平阳霉素联合地塞米松治疗口腔颌面部海绵状血管瘤疗效分析

目的：总结平阳霉素联合地塞米松用于血管瘤瘤腔内注射治疗海绵状血管瘤的疗效。方法：将平阳霉索（8mg，支）用2ml生理盐水稀释后与地塞米松（5mg／支）1ml，2％利多卡因2ml配制成复合液，行瘤体内注射，每次用量3～8mg，10～14天注射1次，2～4次为1疗程。一般总量为30～40mg。结果：38例患者经1～5年随访，治愈25例（65．8％）显效13例（34．2％），总有效率100％，无发热反应病例。结论：平阳霉素联合地塞米松治疗海绵状血管瘤疗效高，疗程短，是一种安全、有效、简便的治疗方法。     

平阳霉素注射治疗眼面部血管瘤35例

目的　探讨治疗眼面部血管瘤安全有效的方法与药物。方法　应用平阳霉素 8mg加地塞米松 10mg(2ml)、2 %利多卡因 1ml、生理盐水 2ml混合 ,取混合液 0 .5～ 2ml,向血管瘤体内注射 ,每周一次 ,直到瘤体消失。结果　治疗眼面部血管瘤 3 5例 ,经 1～ 6次注射瘤体全部消失 ,无明显副作用 ,复诊 6个月到 2年 ,有 4例有复发迹象 ,再次注射 2次 ,瘤体消失。结论　平阳霉素联合地塞米松局部注射治疗面部血管瘤效果良好、经济、安全。     

婴幼儿颌面部血管瘤及海绵状血管畸形平阳霉素注射治疗体会

目的评价平阳霉素注射治疗婴幼儿颌面部血管瘤及海绵状血管畸形的疗效。方法采用平阳霉素瘤内注射治疗45例婴幼儿颌面部血管瘤及海绵状血管畸形患儿。7d注射1次,3～5次为1个疗程。结果45例患儿平均疗程21d,治疗完成后经12个月随访,治愈和有效率为97.78%。结论平阳霉素瘤内注射治疗婴幼儿颌面部血管瘤及海绵状血管畸形安全、简便、疗效高、疗程短。     

平阳霉素加地塞米松治疗颌面部海绵状血管瘤的临床研究

目的：研究平阳霉素加地塞米松注射治疗颌面部海绵状血管瘤的疗效。方法：用平阳霉素加地塞米松注射治疗颌面部海绵状血管瘤36例,对其疗效进行总结分析,讨论平阳霉素治疗的作用机理,结果：治愈和基本治愈率为83.33%,总有效率为100%,结论：平阳霉素加地塞米松治疗合同面部海绵状血管瘤是一种安全、可靠、简便、易行的有效方法。     

Affective and Anxiety Disorders and Alcohol and Drug Dependence:

Depression and anxiety frequently coexist in patients with substance use disorders. This clinically-oriented article examiens the relationship between these conditions and emphasizes data showing that substances of abuse can cause signs and symptoms of both depression and anxiety. These substance-related syndromes appear to have a different course and prognosis than uncomplicated, independent anxiety and major depressive disorders, and clinicians should consider the role of alcohol and other drugs in all patients presenting with these complaints. The authors will also outline an approach for diagnosing and managing patients with the combination of a substance use and depressive or anxiety disorder.     

Synthesis and anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of gaultherin and its analogs

The synthesis of gaultherin (1) and its analogs was carried out to provide 11 glycosides under phase-transfer catalytic conditions. The activities of all synthesized compounds were evaluated by nitric oxide production inhibitory assay in vitro. Methyl 2-O-(4-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl)-β-d-glucopyranosylbenzoate (5f) showed significantly anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects by the evaluation in vivo. Structure–activity relationships within these compounds were discussed.     

Modelling and simulation of variability and uncertainty in toxicokinetics and pharmacokinetics

Two important methodological issues within the framework of the variability and uncertainty analysis of toxicokinetic and pharmacokinetic systems are discussed: (i) modelling and simulation of the existing physiologic variability in a population; and (ii) modelling and simulation of variability and uncertainty when there is insufficient or not well defined (e.g. small sample, semiquantitative, qualitative and vague) information available. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic models are especially suited for separating and characterising the physiologic variability from the overall variability and uncertainty in the system. Monte Carlo sampling should draw from multivariate distributions, which reflect all levels of existing dependencies in the intact organism. The population characteristics should be taken into account. A fuzzy simulation approach is proposed to model variability and uncertainty when there is semiquantitative, qualitative and vague information about the model parameters and their statistical distributions cannot be defined reliably.     

成骨细胞的功能与损伤和骨质疏松的防治

骨质疏松是一种全身性骨骼疾病,导致骨折风险增加。成人的骨量通过破骨细胞的骨吸收和成骨细胞的骨形成作用来维持动态平衡,治疗骨质疏松症的理想策略是抑制破骨细胞的骨吸收和/或增强成骨细胞的骨形成功能。目前针对保护成骨细胞及增强其功能的骨质疏松疗法相对较少。因此,本文针对成骨细胞相关功能蛋白、各种细胞损伤机制（内质网应激、氧化应激、机械过载、微小RNA和长链非编码RNA的影响等）及骨质疏松的治疗与预防作一综述,以期为针对增强成骨细胞功能的骨质疏松治疗策略提供新思路。     

Self-stimulation and amphetamine: Tolerance to d and l isomers and cross tolerance to cocaine and methylphenidate

The effects of the d and l isomers of amphetamine on self-stimulation responding were tested following acute and chronic administration. Tolerance and post-drug depression of responding occurred in tests with both isomers, indicating no role for p-hydroxynorephedrine (PHN) which is one of the metabolites of d-amphetamine. In the second experiment, d-amphetamine, methylphenidate and cocaine all produced quantitatively and qualitatively similar effects on self-stimulation responding following acute administration. Following chronic administration of d-amphetamine, animals showed tolerance to all three drugs, indicating cross-tolerance among them. These data are consistent with an hypothesis that tolerance and post-drug depression following chronic amphetamine treatment are the result of decreases in postsynaptic receptor sensitivity, which would lead to a decreased effectiveness of all three drugs, regardless of their pre-synaptic mechanisms.     

益生菌与肿瘤防治

益生菌广泛存在于自然界中,通过维持宿主体内菌群平衡、影响肠屏障功能和调节免疫应答等作用,提高宿主健康水平,被公认为"肠道健康卫士".一些益生菌可以增强机体的免疫功能,抑制致癌物质,影响肿瘤细胞的基因表达,对肿瘤具有拮抗作用.大量研究表明,益生菌在未来的肿瘤防治中有很好的应用和发展前景.     

Acamprosate and naltrexone treatment effects on ethanol and sucrose seeking and intake in ethanol-dependent and nondependent rats

Rationale  Two pharmacotherapies are approved for treating alcohol craving (acamprosate and naltrexone), but both have shown mixed findings in animals and humans. Objectives  The present experiments utilized a “reinforcer blocking” approach (i.e., rats were able to consume ethanol during treatment) to better understand the efficacy of these treatments for ethanol seeking and drinking using ethanol-dependent and nondependent rats. Materials and methods  In “nondependent” experiments, drugs (acamprosate 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg; naltrexone 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 mg/kg) were administered over 3-week periods prior to operant sessions with a low response requirement to gain access to reinforcers for 20 min. For “dependent” experiments, rats were made dependent in vapor/inhalation chambers. Results  Acamprosate and naltrexone had similar effects on intake in nondependent and dependent rats; neither drug was selective for ethanol over sucrose drinking. In nondependent animals, naltrexone was more efficacious at more doses than acamprosate, and acamprosate’s effects were limited to a dose that also had adverse effects on body weight. Both pharmacotherapies showed more selectivity when examining reinforcer seeking. In nondependent rats, acamprosate and naltrexone had response-attenuating effects in ethanol, but not sucrose, groups. In dependent animals, acamprosate had selective effects limited to a decrease in sucrose seeking. Naltrexone, however, selectively decreased ethanol-seeking in nondependent rats. Conclusions  The naltrexone-induced decreases in seeking suggested a change in incentive motivation which was selective for ethanol in nondependent rats. The “nondependent” paradigm may model early stages of “problem drinking” in humans, and the findings suggest that naltrexone could be a good intervention for this level of alcohol abuse and relapse prevention.     

Antiinfective and encrustation-inhibiting materials--myth and facts

Catheters, urethral and ureteral stents and other urological implants are frequently affected by encrustration and infection due to their permanent contact with urine. Indwelling urinary catheters provide a haven for microorganisms and thus require extensive monitoring. Several surface modification techniques have been proposed to improve the performance of devices including the immobilization of biomolecules, the incorporation of hydrophilic grafts to reduce protein adsorption, the creation of hydrophobic surfaces, the creation of microdomains to regulate cellular and protein adhesion, new polymers and antimicrobial coatings. Physico-chemical explanation to elucidate the mechanism of such encrustation or infection inhibiting materials is still not available. Our series of experiments showed a marked decrease of silver-activity in biological fluids which corresponds with the controversial clinical results obtained with silver coated urinary catheters. Rifampicin/minocycline coated catheters had very low activity against Gram-negative rods, enterococci and Candida spp., the main causing organisms of urinary catheter infection. Surface engineered materials and antimicrobial drug delivery systems will be the next generation of sophisticated urinary catheters and stents, if both efficacy as well as efficiency has been proved clinically.     

Alprazolam and lorazepam single and multiple-dose effects on psychomotor skills and sleep

Summary The effects of alprazolam 0.5 mg and lorazepam 2 mg on cognitive and psychomotor skills were assessed in twelve normal volunteer subjects in a randomised, double-blind, crossover design. Single and multiple dose effects were monitored using a battery of tests comprising critical flicker fusion threshold (CFFT), choice reaction time (CRT), simulated car tracking, and subjective ratings of perceived sedation (LARS) and of sleep behaviour (LSEQ). Compared with placebo baseline scores, treatment with lorazepam 2 mg (both single and multiple doses) resulted in a widespread impairment of CRT, tracking accuracy, and CFFT. Single doses of alprazolam 0.5 mg reduced CFFT with respect to the placebo baseline. Single and multiple dose treatment with both drugs resulted in subjective reports of sedation, a reduction of sleep onset latency, and improved sleep quality. Only lorazepam 2 mg significantly disrupted the integrity of behaviour on waking from sleep. These results suggest important pharmacodynamic differences between the two drugs in the doses used.