裸鼹鼠与C57BL/6J小鼠肾脏组织结构及超微结构比较

目的 比较新型实验动物裸鼹鼠与常用啮齿类实验动物小鼠肾脏的组织结构和超微结构的差异.方法 采用成年裸鼹鼠与C57BL/6J小鼠,处死后取肾脏,制作组织标本和电镜标本,利用光学显微镜和透射电镜观察其结构.结果 与C57BL/6J小鼠比较,裸鼹鼠肾小管上皮较薄,肾脏皮、髓质内存在较多的病理性钙化灶;肾小管上皮细胞内线粒体出现扩张甚至崩解,内质网扩张明显.结论 裸鼹鼠肾脏组织在结构上与C57BL/6J小鼠存在明显差异;裸鼹鼠肾小管上皮存在渐进性病理损伤,同时也存在较强的自我修复能力.     

裸鼹鼠心脏显微结构与超微结构观察

目的 观察和分析裸鼹鼠心脏的形态结构与组成,以了解裸鼹鼠心脏是否在耐受低氧、长寿以及对抗心血管类疾病等方面有独特功能.方法 采集裸鼹鼠心脏经石蜡切片后进行苏木精-伊红染色,然后光学显微镜下观察裸鼹鼠心脏的显微结构,以及经冰冻超薄切片和染色后,通过透射电镜观察和分析裸鼹鼠心脏的超微结构.结果 光学显微镜观察发现,裸鼹鼠心脏体积较小鼠大,心壁也明显较厚,心肌细胞体积也略大,血管分布更为丰富广泛;透射电镜观察显示,裸鼹鼠心肌中线粒体较小鼠丰富,而体积较小,线粒体结构正常,但肌小节略有类似缺血的病变.结论 裸鼹鼠长期低氧的洞道生活史使其心脏形态结构发生了许多适应性变化,从而使其在对抗衰老和肿瘤方面有着独特的积极影响.     

淋巴器官中酪氨酸羟化酶阳性细胞分布的研究

目的 :探讨免疫系统合成儿茶酚胺 (catecholamines ,CAs)的能力。方法 :用抗酪氨酸羟化酶 (tyrosinehydroxylase ,TH)抗体对胸腺、脾脏和肠系膜淋巴结的组织切片进行免疫组织化学染色 ,观察这些淋巴器官中的TH免疫阳性细胞的分布。结果 :在胸腺、脾脏和淋巴结三种淋巴器官中 ,均可见TH免疫阳性细胞。其中 ,淋巴结中TH免疫阳性细胞的分布密度最高 ,脾脏其次 ,胸腺最低。结论 :外周淋巴组织都能表达TH ,但不同淋巴组织表达TH的能力有差异。     

抑癌基因p53在裸鼹鼠不同组织中表达水平的差异

目的 比较裸鼹鼠与C57BL/6J小鼠组织中抑癌基因p53表达的差异,并分析p53基因在不同年龄裸鼹鼠不同组织中表达水平的差异.方法 采用Western blotting检测新生裸鼹鼠与C57BL/6J小鼠肝脏、肺脏、脑、肾脏中p53蛋白的表达,进一步比较了不同年龄裸鼹鼠肝脏、肺脏、脑、肠道中p53蛋白的表达,同时采用RT-PCR检测了裸鼹鼠肝脏、肺脏中p53基因的转录水平.以及低氧处理裸鼹鼠皮肤成纤维细胞中p53基因的表达水平.结果 新生裸鼹鼠肝脏、肺脏、脑、肾脏组织中p53蛋白的表达低于新生C57BL/6J小鼠组织,成年裸鼹鼠肝脏、肺脏组织中p53蛋白表达量亦显著高于幼年裸鼹鼠.裸鼹鼠成纤维细胞在低氧条件下p53蛋白的表达量较高,并且随着低氧处理时间的延长,表达量进一步升高.结论 新生裸鼹鼠组织中抑癌基因p53表达水平显著低于C57BL/6J小鼠,并且p53基因随着年龄增长而发生变化.     

裸鼹鼠与C57BL/6小鼠自噬调节的比较研究

目的 比较裸鼹鼠与小鼠的自噬调节,以期为裸鼹鼠高自噬、抗癌、衰老缓慢等生物学特性的研究提供参考.方法 利用电镜技术和蛋白印迹检测新生裸鼹鼠和C57BL/6小鼠肝脏和肺脏组织的自噬水平.自噬干扰裸鼹鼠成纤维细胞和小鼠成纤维细胞,24、48、72h CCK-8细胞计数法检测细胞的增殖情况,蛋白印迹检测各组细胞各个时间点Beclin 1的表达水平.结果 与C57BL/6小鼠比较,裸鼹鼠组织的LC3B表达显著较高.裸鼹鼠细胞对自噬抑制剂3-MA具有一定的耐药性,自噬诱导剂雷帕霉素对裸鼹鼠细胞的增殖抑制显著高于小鼠细胞.结论 裸鼹鼠组织具有高自噬水平,应对外界的自噬抑制压力时,裸鼹鼠细胞的自身调节能力明显高于C57BL/6小鼠.     

地塞米松对小鼠免疫系统的抑制作用

目的研究地塞米松对小鼠免疫系统的抑制作用。方法取7—8周龄昆明种小鼠,腹腔注射地塞米松,分别于注射后5、10、15、24和36h时间点取胸腺、脾脏和肠系膜淋巴结;对照组小鼠腹腔注射生理盐水（即0h组）,HE染色。结果地塞米松组胸腺中凋亡细胞和凋亡小体数量多于对照组;脾脏和淋巴结内亦见凋亡细胞,但较胸腺内少;15h时间点凋亡细胞最多。结论地塞米松可引起胸腺、脾脏和淋巴结细胞的凋亡,对免疫系统有明显的抑制作用。     

淋巴细胞自噬性凋亡的超微结构细胞化学研究

本实验用诱电镜和细胞化学染色法放线菌酮处理和γ射线照射大鼠胸腺、脾脏和肠系膜淋 的超微结构。结果显示，放线菌酮注射后４ｈ；或γ射线照射２ｈ后引起大鼠胸腺、脾脏及肠系膜淋巴结中的淋巴细胞凋亡。凋亡淋巴细胞发生一系更的形态学变化，其胞核染色持凝集，重排、使核呈没的形态；凋亡淋巴细胞的线粒体，内质网、溶酶体等细胞器大量增殖，我们称之为细胞反跳现象；大部分凋亡淋巴细胞凋恨时呈现典型的自噬性凋亡特征，即内持     

Wistar大鼠脾B淋巴细胞体外照射及其在体内迁移和归巢的辐射效应

采用间接免疫荧光技术,观察了~(60)Co γ线对Wistar 大鼠脾B 淋巴细胞体外照射及其迁移和归巢至同系受体脾脏、肠系膜淋巴结、胸腺和血液等组织的辐射效应。实验表明:(1)体外照射的B 细胞数(%)随照射剂量增加呈依赖性递降(P<0.01);(2)注后3、24h,经1～8 Gy 受照淋巴细胞迁移和归巢至受体脾脏和肠系膜淋巴结的B 细胞数(%)与对照组相比均有非常明显地下降(P<0.01),且与体外照射的辐射效应呈平行关系。但归巢至胸腺和再循环迁入血液的B 细胞数(%)与对照组相比无明显差别(P>0.05),(3)从分布比率提示受照B 细胞继发性迁移和归巢至脾脏的量呈上升趋势,而归巢至肠系膜淋巴结的量则继续减少。     

DEX联合KTM对产后出血致多器官功能障碍大鼠IFN-γ和IL-4释放的作用

目的观察右美托咪定（DEX）和氯胺酮（KTM）对产后出血致多器官功能障碍综合征大鼠IFN-γ和IL-4释放的影响。方法将80只产后24h的sD大鼠随机分成4组（n=20）：模型组（M组）进行失血性休克45min＋肠系膜上动脉夹闭40min;右美托咪定组（DEX组）预注右美托咪定1μg／kg,持续注射右美托咪定4h（2．5μg／kg／h）,失血性休克45min＋肠系膜上动脉夹闭40min;右美托咪定＋氯胺酮组（DEX＋KTM组）操作与DEX组完全相同,持续注射浓度为2．μg／kg／h、1mg／kg／h的DEX、KTM,维持4h;对照组（c组）只进行麻醉,不进行任何操作。运用免疫组化技术检测造模后24h大鼠免疫器官脾脏、肠系膜淋巴结、胸腺IFN-1、IL．4的变化。结果脾脏、胸腺和肠系膜淋巴结均有IFN-γ和IL-4表达,M组、DEX组和DEX＋KTM组脾脏、胸腺、肠系膜淋巴结IFN-γ、IL-4明显高于c组（P〈0．05）;DEX组和DEX＋KTM组脾脏、胸腺、肠系膜淋巴结IFN-γ、IL-4明显低于M组（P〈0．05）;DEX＋KTM组脾脏、胸腺、肠系膜淋巴结IFN-γ、IL-4明显低于DEX组（P〈0．05）。结论右美托咪定联合氯胺酮能明显减少产后出血致多器官功能障碍综合征大鼠免疫器官炎症因子IL-4和IFN-γ的释放,比单纯应用右美托咪定或氯胺酮的效果更加明显,值得临床推广应用。     

失血性休克兔肾上腺及免疫器官的变化

对50只失血性休克兔的肾上腺、胸腺、脾脏及肠系膜淋巴结的形态变化作了观察,结果发现肾上腺皮髓质均有明显的排空现象,胸腺、脾脏及淋巴结呈急性萎缩性变化,致免疫功能呈全面降低,对休克的发展具有重要影响。     

见证 回味 感恩 展望

20年前的金秋,首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院心脏中心诞生了。满怀豪情壮志的胡大一教授带着先进的技术、全新的理念、科学的管理、年轻的团队来到这里,经过艰苦的创业和科学的管理,打造出了国内首家真正意义上的心脏中心。北京朝阳医院心脏中心的诞生标志着融心脏内科、外科、介入于一体的一种全新的管理和运作模式。     

Solid and liquid state characterization of tetrahydrocurcumin using XRPD,FT-IR,DSC, TGA,LC-MS,GC-MS,and NMR and its biological activities

Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) is one of the major metabolites of curcumin (CUR), an ancient bioactive natural polyphenolic compound. This research article describes both the solid and liquid state characterization of THC using advanced spectroscopic and thermo-analytical techniques. Anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and neuroprotective activities of THC were investigated using in vitro cell lines. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that our sample comprised 95.15% THC, 0.51% tetrahydrodemethoxycurcumin (THDC), 3.40% hexahydrocurcumin, and 0.94% octahydrocurcumin. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis indicated the presence of 96.68% THC and 3.32% THDC. THC in solution existed as keto-enol tautomers in three different forms at different retention time, but the enol form was found to be dominant, which was also supported by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. THC was thermally stable up to 335.55 °C. THC exhibited more suppression of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and MIP-1α) than CUR in a concentration-dependent manner in mouse splenocytes, while NK-cell and phagocytosis activity was increased in macrophages. THC showed a significant reduction of free radicals (LPO) along with improved antioxidant enzymes (SOD and catalase) and increased free radical scavenging activity against ABTS⁺ radicals in HepG2 cells. THC displayed higher protection capability than CUR from oxidative stress and neuronal damage by improving cell viability against H₂O₂ induced HepG2 cells and MPP⁺ induced SH-SY5Y cells, respectively, in a concentration-dependent manner. Thus, a variation of the biological activities of THC might rely on its keto-enol form and the presence of other THC analogs as impurities. The present study could be advantageous for further research on THC for better understanding its physicochemical properties and biological variation.     

Freeze-all,for whom,when, and how

Background: The ‘freeze-all’ practice refers to the cryopreservation of all mature oocytes or viable embryos after ovarian stimulation. The development of the vitrification technique has been crucial to make this approach a reality, since it increases the post-thaw survival rates and permits comparable implantation rates with fresh embryos. Nonetheless, as implantation probabilities are comparable to fresh embryo transfer in normo-responder patients, the freeze- all strategy has demonstrated no benefits overall.Method: Narrative review in which we give an overview of this approach, discuss recent advances in the field, as well as for whom, when and how it is recommended to emply the freeze-all technique.Results: However, there is some clinical evidence that shows its feasibility. Thus, it has been demonstrated that elevation of progesterone at the end of ovarian stimulation decreases the implantation rates after the transfer of day 6 blastocysts in fresh and some uterine pathologies; freeze-all is also the preferred option for patients undergoing pre-implantation genetic testing, since there is an improvement of the results and it allows for inclusion of all blastocysts of the cohort. In high responders, the freeze-all strategy optimizes the response whilst also minimizing the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.Conclusion: Due to the different cases that a reproductive expert might encounter, it is essential to highlight benefits and drawbacks of this practice.