抑癌基因p53在裸鼹鼠不同组织中表达水平的差异

目的 比较裸鼹鼠与C57BL/6J小鼠组织中抑癌基因p53表达的差异,并分析p53基因在不同年龄裸鼹鼠不同组织中表达水平的差异.方法 采用Western blotting检测新生裸鼹鼠与C57BL/6J小鼠肝脏、肺脏、脑、肾脏中p53蛋白的表达,进一步比较了不同年龄裸鼹鼠肝脏、肺脏、脑、肠道中p53蛋白的表达,同时采用RT-PCR检测了裸鼹鼠肝脏、肺脏中p53基因的转录水平.以及低氧处理裸鼹鼠皮肤成纤维细胞中p53基因的表达水平.结果 新生裸鼹鼠肝脏、肺脏、脑、肾脏组织中p53蛋白的表达低于新生C57BL/6J小鼠组织,成年裸鼹鼠肝脏、肺脏组织中p53蛋白表达量亦显著高于幼年裸鼹鼠.裸鼹鼠成纤维细胞在低氧条件下p53蛋白的表达量较高,并且随着低氧处理时间的延长,表达量进一步升高.结论 新生裸鼹鼠组织中抑癌基因p53表达水平显著低于C57BL/6J小鼠,并且p53基因随着年龄增长而发生变化.     

裸鼹鼠与C57BL／6J小鼠骨骼肌结构与摄氧能力比较

目的分析比较裸鼹鼠与C57BL／6J小鼠的骨骼肌结构和摄氧能力。方法采集裸鼹鼠与小鼠的腓肠肌经石蜡切片苏木精-伊红染色,以及经冰冻超薄切片和染色后,然后用光学显微镜和投射电镜观察两个物种骨骼肌的形态结构;同时对骨骼肌组织进行CD34免疫组化染色,将骨骼肌匀浆后取上清用分光光度法对肌红蛋白的含量进行测定,观察两个分析两个物种摄氧能力的高低。结果裸鼹鼠骨骼肌肌原纤维比C57BL／6J小鼠粗大,而且肌块、肌束甚至肌原纤维外围都有较多结缔组织;肌细胞中线粒体数目明显大于C57BL／6J小鼠,而体积则较小,其线粒体的表面积大于C57BL／6J小鼠;骨骼肌组织中微血管密度明显大于C57BL／6J小鼠;骨骼肌中肌红蛋白的含量是C57BL／6J小鼠的1．5倍。结论裸鼹鼠骨骼肌比C57BL／6J小鼠发达和粗壮,结缔组织较C57BL／6J小鼠丰富,肌肉更为柔软和灵活;线粒体总表面积、微血管密度和肌红蛋白含量都较C57BL／6J小鼠高,其摄氧能力比后者更为强大。     

裸鼹鼠与C57BL/6小鼠自噬调节的比较研究

目的 比较裸鼹鼠与小鼠的自噬调节,以期为裸鼹鼠高自噬、抗癌、衰老缓慢等生物学特性的研究提供参考.方法 利用电镜技术和蛋白印迹检测新生裸鼹鼠和C57BL/6小鼠肝脏和肺脏组织的自噬水平.自噬干扰裸鼹鼠成纤维细胞和小鼠成纤维细胞,24、48、72h CCK-8细胞计数法检测细胞的增殖情况,蛋白印迹检测各组细胞各个时间点Beclin 1的表达水平.结果 与C57BL/6小鼠比较,裸鼹鼠组织的LC3B表达显著较高.裸鼹鼠细胞对自噬抑制剂3-MA具有一定的耐药性,自噬诱导剂雷帕霉素对裸鼹鼠细胞的增殖抑制显著高于小鼠细胞.结论 裸鼹鼠组织具有高自噬水平,应对外界的自噬抑制压力时,裸鼹鼠细胞的自身调节能力明显高于C57BL/6小鼠.     

裸鼹鼠胸腺、脾脏及淋巴结解剖学、组织学与超微结构的初步观察

目的 探讨裸鼹鼠脾脏、胸腺、肠系膜淋巴结的组织结构及超微结构特点.方法 分别取裸鼹鼠脾脏、胸腺、肠系膜淋巴结组织进行HE染色和透射电镜观察.结果 裸鼹鼠胸腺退化明显,脂肪化程度较高;脾脏被膜和小梁较厚,脾小体较小,数量少,边界清晰;肠系膜淋巴结与C57BL/6J小鼠肠系膜淋巴结并无太大差异.结论 明确了裸鼹鼠脾脏、胸腺、肠系膜淋巴结组织解剖学、组织学与超微结构特点,为今后裸鼹鼠开展相关研究奠定了基础.     

裸鼹鼠骨骼标本的制作及其形态学观察

目的采用传统方法制备裸鼹鼠骨骼标本,对其骨骼系统进行形态学观察。方法利用水煮法制作裸鼹鼠骨架,与C57BL／6J小鼠骨骼标本比较研究裸鼹鼠骨骼特点,并观察裸鼹鼠股骨三维结构。结果所制作的裸鼹鼠骨架完整洁净,没有骨质损伤,裸鼹鼠头骨、椎骨、肋骨、四肢骨均具有适应于穴居习性的特征。结论裸鼹鼠的骨骼具有典型的适应掘穴生活的特征。     

氯化钴诱导低氧对裸鼹鼠肝星形细胞增殖及凋亡的影响

目的 比较研究氯化钴(CoCl2)对裸鼹鼠及C57BL/6J小鼠肝星形细胞增殖和凋亡的影响.方法 采用活细胞计数试剂盒(CCK8)法和流式细胞术分别检测不同浓度CoCl2对裸鼹鼠和小鼠肝星形细胞增殖活力以及和凋亡水平的影响.采用蛋白印迹测定CoCl2处理后裸鼹鼠肝星形细胞低氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)和凋亡相关蛋白(BCL2、BAX)的表达水平.结果 低浓度(50 μtmol/L)CoCl2对C57BL/6j、鼠肝星形细胞增殖活性具有明显的抑制作用,并能显著提高其凋亡率,然而同样剂量的CoCl2能够显著提高裸鼹鼠肝星形细胞的增值活性,对细胞凋亡率亦无明显影响.高剂量CoCl2(＞200 μtmol/L)虽能导致裸鼹鼠肝星形细胞增殖活力的降低,及凋亡率的升高,但裸鼹鼠肝星形细胞的变化幅度明显小于小鼠.同时CoCl2处理后,裸鼹鼠肝星形细胞HIF-1α的表达或累积显著升高(P＜0.05),BCL2/BAX比率显著上调(P＜0.05).结论 与C57BL/6J小鼠相比,裸鼹鼠肝星形细胞具有更强的抵抗CoCl2引起的化学性低氧损伤的能力.同时HIF-1α可能参与调控裸鼹鼠抵抗化学性低氧环境造成的损伤.     

Poly I∶C刺激对裸鼹鼠体内自噬水平的影响

目的 研究多聚肌苷-多聚胞苷酸钠盐（Poly I∶C）对裸鼹鼠自噬水平的影响.方法 成年裸鼹鼠以及C57BL/6小鼠分别随机分成Poly I∶C给药组和对照组,分别腹腔注射Poly I∶C和生理盐水.Poly I∶C给药12h后,组织切片HE染色观察小肠组织的病理变化,电镜观察细胞结构的变化,实时定量PCR检测小肠组织中炎症相关因子IL-1、ATG5的mRNA表达情况,蛋白印迹检测小肠组织中自噬相关蛋白LC3B、Beclin 1表达情况.结果 Poly I∶C给药后,裸鼹鼠小肠组织未出现显著的病理变化,但C57BL/6小鼠小肠组织腺体部出现广泛性出血;电镜观察发现,裸鼹鼠小肠组织细胞中线粒体增多、变长,自噬体数量显著增加,而小鼠组织细胞线粒体有大量的空泡化,滑面内质网扩张;实时定量PCR检测未发现组织中IL-1、ATG5 mRNA表达有显著变化;蛋白印迹检测发现,给药后裸鼹鼠组织中LC3B蛋白表达显著上调（P＜0.05）,而C57BL/6小鼠则下调（P＜0.05）.结论 Poly I∶C给药引起裸鼹鼠自噬水平上调,同时,裸鼹鼠自噬水平的上调亦可以提高机体的适应能力,进而起到抵抗Poly I∶C损伤的作用.     

PPARα转基因对小鼠的生理、生化等影响研究

目的 通过与正常C57BL/6小鼠作对照,在不同月龄分析PPARα转基因小鼠生理、生化等数据,比较其差异性,观察PPARα基因对小鼠的生理、生化是否会产生影响.丰富转基因小鼠数据库内容,为该模型实际应用于临床前药物评价提供理论依据.方法 实验分为4组,分别为PPARα雄性组、PPARα雌性组、C57BL/6雄性组和C57BL/6雌性组,9只/组.在动物10周龄、14周龄、18周龄、22周龄、34周龄分别检测血常规、血生化指标,在动物26周龄时观察其心、肝、肾脏器病变情况,并观察动物的一般生长情况.结果 PPARα转基因小鼠与C57B L/6小鼠比较①体重：6周龄到23周龄的PPARα转基因小鼠体重与C57BL/6小鼠体重比较差异无显著性（P＞0.05）.②血常规：10周龄PPARα雌性转基因小鼠红细胞计数（RBC）、嗜碱性粒细胞百分比（BAS％）、淋巴细胞百分比（LYM％）明显高于C57BL/6雌性小鼠,差异有显著性（P＜0.01）.14周龄PPARα雄性转基因小鼠白细胞计数（WBC）、淋巴细胞百分比（LYM％）明显高于C57BL/6雄性小鼠,差异有显著性（P＜0.05）.③血生化：10周龄PPARα雄性小鼠血尿素氮（BUN）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）明显高于C57BL/6雄性小鼠,差异有显著性（P＜0.05）.14周龄PPARα雄性小鼠天冬门氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、甘油三酯（TG）明显低于C57BL/6雄性小鼠,差异有显著性（P＜0.05）.④组织病理：26周龄PPARα转基因小鼠与C57BL/6小鼠比较,心脏无明显的改变,但肝细胞出现透明病变,肾小管上皮细胞出现脂肪变性.结论 系统收集了PPARα转基因小鼠的体重、血常规、血生化、病理等背景资料,成功分析了其与野生型C57BL/6小鼠之间的差异,为该模型的应用提供参考数据.     

近交系小鼠不同供受体组合对移植心脏存活期的影响

目的:在小鼠异位心脏移植模型中观察近交系小鼠不同品系的供受体组合对于移植心脏生存时间的影响.方法:采用腹腔异位小鼠心脏移植模型,术后通过扪诊评估移植心功能,比较C3H/HeJ、Balb/c和C57BL/6J常见近交系小鼠六种不同供受体组合生存时间的差异,并进行组织病理评分.结果:C3H/HeJ、Balb/c和C57BL/6J六种不同供受体组合的受体心脏存活时间无统计学差异,中位生存时间均为7～8 d,而且组内生存时间差异小;移植心脏组织病理检查发现所有标本均表现为严重的排斥反应,各组间无明显差异.结论:C3H/HeJ、Balb/c和C57BL/6J不同供受体组合均能符合移植免疫研究的要求,但是综合考虑手术难度、术后检测、喂养以及感染等因素,C57BL/6J和C3H/HeJ适合作为供体小鼠,而Ba1b/c更适合作为受体小鼠.     

C57BL/6J小鼠听力损失与认知功能下降的相关性

目的 通过对老年性聋模型鼠C57BL/6J和对照组CBA/CaJ小鼠听力检测,认知行为检测以及海马CA3区突触超微结构的观察,探讨C57BL/6J小鼠年龄相关性听力损失与认知功能下降的关系。方法 将C57BL/6J小鼠根据听力随年龄的变化,按年龄分为3组：6～8周、24～26周、42～44周,每组10只。CBA/CaJ小鼠按同样的年龄也分为3组,每组9只。以TDT-Ⅲ型ABR测试仪检测听力,Morris水迷宫实验检测认知行为,透射电镜观察海马突触超微结构。结果 C57 BL/6J小鼠24～ 26周组与4～6周组比较高频开始出现听力下降,42～44周组是3个组中听力最差的。而3组的CBA/CaJ小鼠均保持了较好的听力。42～44周组的C57 BL/6J小鼠与同龄CBA/CaJ小鼠的认知行为比较,在定位航行实验中前者的潜伏期和上台前路程明显长,尤其是第3天和第4天。在空间探索实验中,42～44周组的C57 BL/6J小鼠与同龄的CBA/CaJ小鼠比较穿越平台次数明显少(0.5±0.6比1.9±1.6;P＜0. 05)。海马CA3区在42～44周C57 BL/6J小鼠比24～ 26周小鼠突触间隙明显宽[(19.4 ±0. 5)nm比(11.9±0.7) nm],突触后致密物明显薄[(15.2±0.5) nm比(27.8±2.0) nm],差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0. 05）。而在CBA/CaJ小鼠变化不明显。结论 C57BL/6J小鼠随年龄增加听力进一步下降,42～44周的C57B L/6J小鼠的听力接近全聋。同时42～ 44周C57BL/6J小鼠出现明显的认知功能下降及海马突触退变,而听力较好的同龄CBA/CaJ小鼠却没有出现相应的变化。我们推测C57BL/6J小鼠年龄相关的听力损失同其认知功能下降呈正相关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.