大学生皮肤电阻实验设计与研究

本文介绍了应用数字式皮阻皮温计测量大学生皮肤电阻的实验方法流程,并对影响皮肤电阻的因素进行讨论。     

皮温皮阻变化用于椎管内麻醉痛觉缺失平面的测定

目的:研究椎管内麻醉后痛觉神经被阻滞,交感神经被阻滞,出现痛觉平面缺失与皮肤温度变化以及皮肤电阻变化之间的关系,从而通过皮温皮阻的变化,用客观的临床指标判定椎管内麻醉痛觉缺失平面。方法:随机选取60例择期行子宫肌瘤核除术病人,ASA I或II级,年龄20～50岁,观察麻醉区域内L4、L2、T12、T10、T8、T6、T4、麻醉施行前后的皮肤表面温度及皮肤电阻的变化。结果:麻醉区域内麻醉施行后皮肤表面温度显著升高,均高于痛觉缺失平面1～2个脊神经节段,麻醉区域内的皮肤电阻呈增大的趋势。结论:可将皮肤温度、皮肤电阻的变化作为确定麻醉区域痛觉缺失平面的客观指标,为临床提供了一种客观的方法来确定椎管内麻醉下患者痛觉缺失平面。     

皮肤及皮神经超声检测的实验研究

目的 探讨超声检测皮肤、皮神经的可行性。方法 取刚处死的5只猪两侧胸肋部连皮带骨肉共计10块．用高频超声检测猪第3、6肋间神经的外侧皮支分布区，测量皮肤、皮下组织厚度和皮神经直径。然后解剖分离皮肤、皮下组织、皮神经及肌筋膜，在各层间用针标定，比较超声与大体标本测值。最后将检测部位部分组织送病理切片进行组织学检查。结果 超声声像图所示猪皮肤各层结构与大体标本及组织学所见正确对应。超声可清晰显示猪皮肤各层结构。结论 超声是一种无创、简便的检测皮肤、皮下组织、皮神经的方法。     

人体不同部位皮肤的雌二醇体外渗透率

用Valin-Chien渗透池与HPLC法测定人体6个不同部位完整皮肤及除角质层皮肤的雌二醇体外渗透率，结果表明，完整皮夫以臂部的渗透速率最高，与腹、胸、大腿、上臂和背有显著差异（P＜0．01）；除角质层皮肤的渗透速率明显高于完整皮肤，钩增加18－55倍，本结果为药物透皮释放系统的研究设计，临床选择合理用药部位提供了实验依据。     

应用微粒皮治疗皮肤色素脱失

目的 探讨应用微粒皮治疗各种原因引起的皮肤色素脱失的疗效.方法 45例皮肤色素脱失患者.在隐蔽部位取刃厚皮(0.1～0.115 mm)一块(面积为受皮区的1/10),用剪刀剪成微粒备用.在患部用滚轴刀削除表皮形成新鲜创面,然后将备用微粒皮均匀地涂在患部新鲜创面上,用含抗生素的纱布覆盖包扎.结果 45例患者随访3个月至2年.供皮区皮肤平展,五色素沉着,无瘢痕,和正常皮肤颜色一致;患部即皮肤外观平展,质地软,无瘢痕,无色素沉着,和正常皮肤颜色一致.患者自评满意.结论 应用微粒皮技术治疗皮肤色素脱失方法简便易行,损伤轻,恢复快,效果好.     

复合皮肤撕脱伤的治疗

目的：探讨复合皮肤撕脱伤的特点和治疗措施。方法：对62例复合皮肤撕脱伤患者的致伤原因、撕脱面积、撕脱类型、撕脱部位、合并伤以及治疗和愈后情况进行了分析和总结。结果：17例中厚皮片移植一期愈合，5例经皮片加皮瓣同时移植，一期愈合。24例发生部分皮片坏死，8例皮肤部分坏死后骨质外露，8例原位缝合者，皮肤全部坏死，后经过补充植皮后愈合．结论：复合皮肤撕脱伤病情重，常伴有多发伤，病情易被掩盖，容易造成漏诊。移植皮肤坏强原因主要是皮片血运障碍，坏死组织清除不净和感染，受皮区血运比皮片质量更重要、皮瓣是骨、关节暴露部位夥植时的理想方法。     

心包经循行线上皮肤低阻点的皮肤电位检测

观测２１名健康志愿者经脉线上皮肤低阻点的皮肤电位特性,以及阻抗测试后低阻点皮肤电位的动态变化。结果表明：（１）以低频电脉冲检测出的心包经线上的低阻点的皮肤电位较两侧旁开的非低阻对照点为高;（２）低阻点皮肤电但的变化是一个动态过程,其电位的恢复所需的时间从２４ｈ于１周,因人而异。本文同时还地阻抗测试后,皮肤低阻点皮肤电位升高的可能机理作了探讨     

复合皮肤撕脱伤的治疗

目的探讨复合皮肤撕脱伤的特点和治疗措施.方法对62例复合皮肤撕脱伤患者的致伤原因、撕脱面积、撕脱类型、撕脱部位、合并伤以及治疗和愈后情况进行了分析和总结.结果17例中厚皮片移植一期愈合,5例经皮片加皮瓣同时移植,一期愈合.24例发生部分皮片坏死,8例皮肤部分坏死后骨质外露,8例原位缝合者,皮肤全部坏死,后经过补充植皮后愈合.结论复合皮肤撕脱伤病情重,常伴有多发伤,病情易被掩盖,容易造成漏诊.移植皮肤坏死原因主要是皮片血运障碍,坏死组织清除不净和感染.受皮区血运比皮片质量更重要.皮瓣是骨、关节暴露部位移植时的理想方法.     

带真皮下血管网皮片自体移植修复手及关节皮肤软组织缺损

目的：介绍用真皮下血管网皮片移植治疗手和关节部皮肤软组织缺损的方法和体会。方法：对38例56处创面用真皮下血管网皮片修复，术后进行6个月一6年随仿。结果：91．07％皮片100％成活，其余皮片出现不同程度的灶性坏死，经换药后愈合，除少数皮片出现局部花斑外皮片色泽、弹性、感觉、柔软度与正常皮肤相同，所有关节功能没有因皮肤原因受限。结论：真皮下血管网皮片是修复手及关节部位皮肤组织缺损的较简便有效的方法，可以推广。     

一次性电极片在动态心电图中使用的效果分析

目的：探讨不同性别人群电极粘贴皮肤受损情况,确定电极粘贴对动态心电图监测效果的影响。方法：选择符合标准的164例动态心电监测患者,按性别分组,观察动态心电监测24 h后电极粘贴部位皮肤的变化。结果：不同性别的患者,电极粘贴与皮肤受损情况差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：电极黏贴程度,直接影响动态心电图记录的效果。     

A Method of Local Skin Perfusion Detection

On the epidermal surface there are inhomogeneities which manifest as, among other things, lower local impedance. These regions include Head's zones, sweat glands, and also the so-called acupuncture points. The aim of this paper is to examine the effect of skin perfusion on epidermal impedance at the acupuncture points. When measuring epidermis impedance in the local (acupuncture) points the method of impedance plethysmography was applied. Both the method of four electrode measurement at the constant current and the method of two electrode measurement by means of the different and indifferent electrode as well were engaged. First, we had to uncover the size of the action skin points which was made by means of a different micro-electrode developed by us. The effect of some factors on the reproducibility and comparability of the values measured was evaluated. The attention was focused mainly on the questions of the pressure of the different electrode on the skin surface, magnitude and waveform of the exciting current, and so on. The authors demonstrate the impossibility to measure changes in skin impedance in the acupuncture points, in dependence on the blood perfusion--which was due to the high serial resistance between the point measured in the acupuncture place when the four-electrode measurement was applied, on the other side.     

新型银纤维织物心电电极替代传统银/氯化银心电电极片的可行性研究

目的探索新型银纤维织物心电电极替代传统银/氯化银心电电极片的可行性。方法以传统银/氯化银心电电极为对照电极,制备并改良新型银纤维织物心电电极,以提高银纤维布料的防汗液和抗氧化性,征集20名志愿者进行皮肤耐受性指标观测试验。将对照电极选择临床常用的银/氯化银心电电极,编号为试验电极1;银纤维织物心电电极编号为试验电极2,在银纤维织物心电电极上覆盖导电水凝胶编号为试验电极3。结果改良后增加了银纤维布料的导电性,20 cm×20 cm银纤维布料经过高温压烫后,对角线电阻值从2.3Ω下降为0.9Ω;利用导电水凝胶降低电极和皮肤之间的阻抗,解决了皮肤干燥问题;改良后的银纤维布料耐汗液性能有了极大的提高。电极2和电极3的皮肤耐受性要好于电极1,而电极2和电极3的皮肤耐受性相差不大;试验电极2电压衰减较大,电极性能较差,试验电极1和试验电极3都非常接近原始信号,电极性能较好。结论银纤维织物心电电极覆盖导电水凝胶在正常采集心电信号的基础上很好的解决了皮肤损伤的问题,本研究的研究成果具有一定的实用价值。     

以腧穴热敏化为入门向导,开创艾灸调控人体机能新天地

叙述了课题组18年来的灸疗研究思路、过程及结果。从灸疗研究的提出,以腧穴热敏化现象为切入点,探索腧穴热敏化的规律及其临床应用,创立了腧穴热敏化新灸法,提高了灸疗临床疗效,提出了腧穴热敏化灸疗新理论,展示了艾灸调控人体机能的新天地。本文试图说明提高临床疗效是针灸临床工作者永恒的科研主题,坚持继承和创新是保持、发扬针灸特色与优势的主方向。只有继承,我们才不会偏离中医固有的轨道,不会失掉中医的特色与优势;坚持自主创新,才有可能为中医疗效插上翅膀。同时也试图说明科学研究的一般规律即肯定现象-探索规律-提出假说-演绎推理-验证假说-肯定假说(上升为理论)或修正假说,能指导中医临床科研。     

Influence of Organ Pathology on the Electrical Parameters in Organ Projection Areas of the Skin

INTRODUCTION The authors previous researches1-14 indicated that a connection exists between the state of health of specific internal organs and the electrical characteristics of the related, although sometimes remote, skin areas. These skin areas are refe…     

手部Ⅲ～Ⅳ度烧伤的治疗与康复

目的探讨手部Ⅲ、Ⅳ度烧伤的治疗方法。方法379例（562只手）本着早减压、早手术（切削痂,大张皮片移植或皮瓣覆盖）、少去除、多保留、早锻炼、重康复的原则,对尚未伤及深筋膜以下的Ⅲ度创面,移植中厚皮,对伤及肌腱关节和骨质者,尽可能皮瓣修复。移植成活后,即可开始功能训练和抗瘢痕治疗。结果手各关节功能及感觉良好,外观无明显异常达优者406只手（72%）;关节活动基本正常,外观部分异常达良者96只手（17%）;瘢痕畸形明显或截指,功能基本丧失为差者60只手（11%）。结论对手部深度烧伤早期手术干预,尽可能移植中厚皮或皮瓣修复,结合康复训练,可最大限度恢复手的功能和外形。     

大鼠胚胎皮肤前体复合物裸鼠移植模型的构建

目的 筛选大鼠胚胎皮肤裸鼠移植的最佳妊娠时间窗,探索研究胚胎皮肤及其附件发育机制并进行干预的新方法。方法 获取不同胎龄(E14.5d、E16.5d、E18.5d)的携带少量皮下组织的大鼠胚胎皮肤前体复合物(ESPCs),以皮瓣下埋植的方式移植到裸鼠背部。7d后打开皮瓣并暴露成活的ESPCs,观察其成活后胚胎皮肤及附件生长发育的组织学变化。结果 E16.5d、E18.5d移植物可顺利成活并继续生长发育,最终生成带皮肤附件的完整的皮肤结构;E14.5d移植物则形成畸胎瘤样肿物。结论 通过皮瓣下埋植可成功移植大鼠ESPCs;E16.5d左右为ESPCs移植的最佳妊娠时间。     

Correlation between Chinese Medicine Constitution and Skin Types: A Study on 187 Japanese Women

Objective: Chinese medicine (CM) is widely applied in cosmetics and dermatology. The theory of CM believes that skin characterizations reflect the internal status of balance which can be represented by body constitution, but relevant studies are few. This study aims to analyze the relationship between body constitution of CM and skin condition. Methods: Participants were recruited from a private health and beauty clinic in Tokyo, Japan from June 2013 to January 2015. Each participant was assessed using Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire (CCMQ) for body constitution and the Baumann Skin Type Questionnaire for skin type. Spearman''s rank correlation and stepwise multiple linear regression were used to investigate the effect of body constitutions on skin types. Results: A total of 187 Japanese females were recruited in this study. Higher dampness-heat and phlegm-dampness scores were associated with oilier skin while higher qi-depression and blood-stasis were associated with drier skin. Higher score in Inherited Special and yin-deficiency constitutions tended to have more sensitive skin, and higher score in blood-stasis was associated with more pigmented skin and wrinkles. Conclusions: Our findings supported the "Constitution-Skin Correlated theory" in CM. Understanding of the association between skin conditions and the body constitutions might be helpful to explore more individualized treatment options for skin care and dermatological diseases through modifications of the unique body constitutions using CM modalities.     

Reusable Electrical Activity of the Heart Monitoring Patch for Mobile/Ubiquitous Healthcare

In order to monitor electrical activity of the heart during daily life, we present an electrode of a medical instrument system which is able to measure the body surface potential difference by minimizing the electrode distance. The designed electrode is composed of concentric circles. It was made from the basis of the Laplacian equation, and implemented on PCB coated with gold. So that it does not cause the uncomfortable feeling of contact and possible skin troubles which are typical shortcoming of the conventional ECG measurement. The suggested method utilized three concentric circles on FR-4 substrate, so new amplifier design regarding measuring of small biological signal, is considered which has the characteristics of asymmetric input impedance since the area of concentric circular ring electrodes is not identical. Thereby, electrical activity of the heart was obtained successfully. However, its signal quality is a little bit degraded and the motion artifact still remains as a major problem as is in conventional electrocardiography measurement. Certainly stable measurement setup was needed to reduce the motion artifact originated from variation in static electricity between skin and electrode interfaces.     

红药膏对健康和磨损皮肤的急性毒性试验与皮肤刺激试验

目的:红药膏是我院研究所生产[批号为鄂药制字(2001)第cx02-017号],作为院内制剂的常用外用药,在临床应用近三十年,深受广大患者的信任。现将该药经过健康皮肤或损伤的皮肤吸收到体内后,是否会引起全身不良反应(即急性毒性)或是否有刺激性分别进行试验给予报道。方法:不良反应试验:应用15只大白兔,分为3组进行试验,主要观察兔的健康皮肤和磨损皮肤在涂敷低银、高银红药膏和赋形剂后是否有全身的不良反应。同时还观测受试兔的健康皮肤和磨损皮肤是否有异常体征。皮肤刺激试验:共用6只大白兔,需细致地观察每只受试白兔的健康皮肤和磨损皮肤在涂敷低银和高银红药膏后是否有异常刺激体征表现。反复进行6只动物皮肤刺激试验,是为了把红药膏的皮肤刺激试验做得更加准确可靠。结果:两项试验发现红药膏对健康和磨损皮肤均无任何不良的刺激性。受试动物无1只死亡,体温均在正常范围内(38.5～39.5℃),各方面均与对照组大白兔的表现无任何差别。结论:说明现在已经在临床使用多年的红药膏(即2%低银红药膏)对全身无吸收中毒,对创面和周围皮肤也均无刺激性。     

复合皮移植大鼠动物模型的建立

目前复合皮应用到临床上还有一定的难度．其原因之一是降低或消除异体真皮抗原性的效果还不理想．故还需进一步进行动物实验。我们选用Wistar大鼠做供体．SD大鼠作受体．进行皮片移植．以判断两者是否为同种异体。术后观察皮片存活情况．给织学变化．以及淋巴细胞增殖功能的测定。其结果显示，术后皮片均产生免疫排斥反应．故证实二种动物的组织相容性不同，无基因污染．能作为复合皮移植可靠的动物模型。