黄芪多糖对HSC-T6细胞增殖及胶原产生的影响

目的研究黄芪多糖(APS)对体外HSC-T6细胞增殖和胶原合成的影响.方法采用血清刺激大鼠肝星状细胞(HSC-T6),用[3H]-TdR和[3H]-Proline掺入法分别检测其增殖和胶原合成的活性.结果低浓度APS可明显降低由血清刺激的HSC-T6细胞的增殖和胶原合成的活性.高浓度APS(≥80 mg*L-1) 可明显促进HSC-T6细胞增殖.结论低浓度APS对HSC-T6细胞的增殖和胶原合成的活性有抑制作用,且APS对HSC-T6细胞增殖有双向调节作用.     

肝星状细胞HSC-T6体外肝纤维化模型的建立

目的:研究以肝星状细胞HSC-T6为靶细胞,建立体外肝纤维化模型.方法:小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞先后用卡西霉素和脂多糖刺激培养24h制备巨噬细胞条件培养基.肝星状细胞增殖和胶原合成分别采用结晶紫染色法和3H-脯氨酸掺入法测定.结果:血清和巨噬细胞条件培养基可显著促进HSC-T6细胞增殖与胶原合成.IL-1、TNF、EGF、FGF和PDGF均可促进HSC-T6细胞增殖,其中PDGF的促增殖能力最强.TGFβ1可剂量依赖地促进HSC-T6细胞胶原的合成.结论:用血清、巨噬细胞条件培养基、PDGF或TGFβ刺激HSC-T6细胞增殖和胶原合成作为体外肝纤维化模型是可行的.     

黄芪总苷对肝星状细胞增殖和合成胶原的抑制作用

目的　探讨黄芪总苷 (AST)对肝星状细胞增殖和合成胶原的影响。方法　采用枯细胞条件培养基 (KCCM )及含新生牛血清 (NBS)和健康大鼠血清 (RS)的混合血清刺激大鼠肝星状细胞 (HSC)系HSC T6 ,用 3H TdR和3H 脯氨酸参入法检测HSC增殖活性和胶原合成状况。结果　AST(1 6、32、64、1 2 8和 2 56mg·L- 1 )对KCCM 1∶4刺激HSC T6细胞增殖和胶原合成均有明显的抑制作用 ;在含 1 0 %NBS- 3 %RS混合血清刺激的HSC T6细胞 ,AST(32、64、1 2 8和 2 56mg·L- 1 )作用 48h对HSC T6细胞增殖 ,及AST(1 6、32、64、1 2 8和 2 56mg·L- 1 )作用 72h对HSC T6细胞胶原合成均有明显的抑制作用 ,呈浓度依赖型趋势。结论　AST对体外激活肝星状细胞的增殖和产生胶原有明显抑制作用 ,该作用可能是AST抗肝纤维化的机制之一     

黄芪总苷对血吸虫卵抗原活化的肝星状细胞增殖与胶原合成的影响

目的观察黄芪总苷对血吸虫卵抗原活化的肝星状细胞增殖与胶原合成的影响。方法小鼠腹腔注射日本血吸虫可溶性虫卵抗原(Solub le egg antigen,SEA),制备SEA活化的腹腔巨噬细胞条件培养基(Solub le egg antigen inducedm acrophage cond itioned m ed ium,SEA-MCM)。采用肝星状细胞株HSC-T6细胞,以细胞增殖抑制率为指标,用噻唑蓝(MTT)测定黄芪总苷对SEA-MCM诱导的HSC-T6细胞增殖的影响;通过3H-脯氨酸参入法测定黄芪总苷对SEA-MCM诱导的HSC-T6细胞胶原合成的影响。结果SEA-MCM能明显促进HSC-T6细胞的增殖和胶原合成。黄芪总苷(32.5、65和130 mg.L-1)对SEA-MCM诱导的HSC-T6细胞增殖及胶原合成有明显的抑制作用,且呈药物浓度依赖性关系。结论黄芪总苷对SEA-MCM诱导的肝星状细胞增殖及胶原合成有明显的抑制作用。     

苦参碱体内外抗大鼠肝纤维化的作用(英文)

目的:研究体外苦参碱对HSC-T6大鼠储脂细胞和NIH3T3成纤维细胞增殖和胶原合成的影响,以及体内对四氯化碳诱导的大鼠肝纤维化的影响。方法:细胞增殖和胶原合成分别采用结晶紫染色法和[~3H]脯氨酸掺入法。肝纤维化评价以血清透明质酸和肝中羟脯氨酸含量为指标。结果:苦参碱(1～2mmol·L~(-1))显著减少血清刺激的HSC-T6细胞以及NIH3T3细胞增殖和胶原合成;苦参碱(0.25～2mmol·L~(-1))浓度依赖地抑制血小板源生长因子(PDGF)促HSC-T6细胞增殖以及抑制转化生长因子β_1(TGF-β_1)促胶原合成的作用。体内苦参碱(50,100mg·kg~(-1))均能显著降低血清透明质酸和肝脏羟脯氨酸水平。结论:苦参碱阻断PDG和TGF-β_1的作用,抑制储脂细胞增殖和胶原合成可能是其抗肝纤维化作用的机制之一。     

大黄素抗肝纤维化的细胞学研究

目的 研究大黄素对大鼠肝星状细胞(HSC)T6增殖和细胞外基质合成的影响.方法 应州肝星状细胞株HSC-T6,观察各组细胞在不同浓度大黄素干预后在增殖程度和细胞周期等的变化.通过测定培养液上清中透明质酸(HA)和层黏蛋白(LN)的含量,采用3H-脯氨酸掺入法研究大黄素对HSC胶原合成的影响.结果 5～15 mg/L浓度大黄素能够抑制HSC-T6细胞的增殖.显著降低HA的表达以及胶原合成,这种效应具有浓度依赖性.流式细胞仪检测发现,大黄素能够对细胞的细胞周期产生浓度依赖性阻滞作用,G0/G1期细胞比例则逐渐上升.结论 大黄素在体外对于大鼠肝星状细胞HSC-T6的增殖和细胞外基质合成均具有明显的抑制作用,可能是其抗肝纤维化的机制之一.     

西红花酸对乙醛诱导的肝星状细胞增殖和胶原合成的影响

目的:探讨西红花酸(Crocetin)对乙醛刺激的大鼠肝星状细胞(Hepatic stellate cell,HSC)增殖和胶原合成的影响及其作用机制.方法:培养大鼠肝星状细胞HSC-T6,建立乙醛诱导的HSC纤维化模型;用不同浓度的西红花酸(10-6、10-7、10-8 mol/L)对乙醛刺激的HSC-T6进行处理,MTT法检测细胞增殖;羟脯氨酸测定检测HSC-T6胶原含量;流式细胞分析仪测定细胞凋亡;Western blot检测细胞ERK1/2、Bax、Bcl-2蛋白的表达;RT-PCR检测Ⅰ型、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白、间质胶原酶(MMP-2)、组织金属蛋白酶抑制因子-1(TIMP-1)的基因表达.结果:在一定浓度范围里,西红花酸能抑制乙醛引起的HSC增殖和胶原合成;西红花酸诱导乙醛刺激的HSC细胞凋亡;西红花酸能增加Bax蛋白表达,降低乙醛刺激升高的ERK1/2、Bcl-2蛋白表达;西红花酸能明显降低Ⅰ型、Ⅲ型胶原、TIMP-1的表达,提高MMP-2的表达.结论:西红花酸通过抑制乙醛诱导的HSC增殖和胶原合成以及促进活化的HSC凋亡起到抗肝纤维化作用,其机制可能与ERK信号传导通路和对基质金属蛋白酶的调节有关.     

去甲肾上腺素和酚妥拉明对大鼠肝星状细胞的影响

目的：探讨α-肾上腺素激动剂去甲肾上腺素和拮抗剂酚妥拉明对体外活化的肝星状细胞（HSC-T6）的影响。方法：体外对HSC-T6进行复苏和培养传代;MTT法检测HSC-T6的增殖;放射免疫法检测HSC-T6培养上清液中透明质酸(HA)和III型前胶原（PCIII）的浓度;流式细胞仪检测HSC-T6凋亡率;免疫细胞化学染色检测组织基质金属蛋白酶抑制因子-1(TIMP-1)和基质金属酶-13(MMP-13)蛋白的表达。结果：在体外培养的活化HSC-T6中,去甲肾上腺素（10-5,10-7,10-9 mol•L-1）能促进细胞增殖,升高分泌HA和PCIII水平,增强TIMP-1蛋白的阳性表达并降低其凋亡率;酚妥拉明（10-5,10-7,10-9 mol•L-1）能抑制细胞增殖,促进MMP-13的阳性表达并增加HSC-T6的凋亡率。结论：去甲肾上腺素具有促进肝纤维化的作用,酚妥拉明则具有抗纤维化的作用,该作用与其对HSC-T6增殖、凋亡及HA和PCIII分泌水平调控有关。     

氯沙坦对血管紧张肽Ⅱ诱导的心肌细胞肥大及 c-jun mRNA表达的作用

［摘要］目的观察氯沙坦对血管紧张肽Ⅱ（AngiotensinⅡ，AngⅡ）诱导的心肌细胞肥大的作用，并研究其对心肌细胞c jun mRNA表达的影响。方法应用细胞培养技术培养新生大鼠心肌细胞，胰酶消化，差数贴壁法体外分离培养大鼠心肌细胞。分为干预组和对照组。①对照组：不加任何干预因素；②10 6mol•L-1AngⅡ＋10 5mol•L-1氯沙坦组：用AngⅡ刺激心肌细胞肥大，氯沙坦进行干预；氯沙坦进行干预30 min后，加入AngⅡ刺激心肌细胞；③10 5mol•L-1氯沙坦组；④10 6mol•L-1 AngⅡ组。 采用相差显微镜测量细胞大小，测定心肌细胞3H 亮氨酸掺入作为心肌细胞肥大的指标；用逆转录聚合酶链式反应（RT PCR）检测心肌细胞c jun mRNA的表达。结果AngⅡ作用24 h后，AngⅡ组心肌细胞直径增大，与对照组比较差异有显著性（P＜0.05）；氯沙坦抑制AngⅡ介导的心肌细胞直径增大，与AngⅡ组相比差异有显著性（P＜0.05）。AngⅡ作用24 h后，心肌细胞合成速率AngⅡ组较对照组明显增加（P＜0.01），氯沙坦对心肌细胞蛋白质合成没有影响，但能抑制AngⅡ刺激的心肌蛋白质合成速率的增加（P＜0.01）。在培养液中加入AngⅡ作用30 min后，心肌细胞c jun mRNA表达明显增加（P＜0.01），预先加入氯沙坦作用30 min，可阻断AngⅡ的作用（P＜0.01）。结论氯沙坦可以抑制AngⅡ诱导的心肌细胞肥大，其机制可能与氯沙坦抑制了心肌细胞c jun mRNA的表达有关。     

三七总苷对酒精性肝损伤大鼠肝脏TGV-β1／Smads、CTGFmRNA表达的影响

目的 研究三七总苷对酒精性肝损伤大鼠肝脏TGF-β1/Smads和CTGF表达的影响。方法 大鼠灌服白酒-玉米油-吡唑混合液14周,建立酒精性肝损伤模型。成模大鼠随机分成模型组、三七总苷组（高、低剂量组）、水飞蓟素组,同时另设正常对照组,均治疗4周后,测定肝功能、大鼠肝组织TGF-β1、Smad3、Smad7、CTGFmRNA的表达量。结果 与模型组比较,三七总苷组能明显降低血清中谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）以及总胆红素（TB）水平,减少肝组织TGF-β1、Smad3、Smad7、CTGF mRNA的表达量;不同剂量组之间,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;高剂量三七总苷组与水飞蓟素组之间,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 三七总苷与对酒精性肝损伤大鼠肝脏TGF-β1/Smads、CTGF表达有抑制作用。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.