神经干细胞衰老与核因子E2相关因子2/抗氧化反应元件信号通路的关系

目的 建立D-半乳糖（D-gal）诱导小鼠神经干细胞（NSCs）体外衰老模型,探讨NSCs衰老与细胞核因子E2相关因子2（Nrf2）/抗氧化反应元件（ARE）信号通路的关系。方法 取新生C57BL/6J小鼠全脑,分离、鉴定NSCs,培养至第3代,随机分为对照组和衰老组。对照组细胞在NSCs培养基中常规培养48 h,衰老组细胞在对照组基础上加入D-gal（终浓度为10 g/L）。细胞计数试剂盒8（CCK-8）法检测NSCs增殖活力;衰老相关β-半乳糖苷酶（SA-β-gal）染色检测衰老阳性神经球百分率;锥虫蓝染色检测细胞存活率;酶标比色法检测细胞培养上清液中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）与过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量;Western boltting检测NSCs中Nrf2和血红素加氧酶 1（HO-1）蛋白表达水平;Real-time PCR检测GCLC和GCLM基因表达水平。结果 与对照组相比,衰老组NSCs增殖活力明显下降,锥虫蓝染色显示,NSCs存活率下降明显,S-β-gal染色阳性神经球百分率显著上升,SOD活性与CAT活性均显著降低,MDA含量显著升高,NSCs中Nrf2/ARE信号通路相关蛋白Nrf2和HO-1表达水平显著下调,通路相关GCLC和GCLM基因表达下调。结论 采用D-gal可以构建NSCs体外衰老模型,其氧化损伤机制可能与抑制Nrf2/ARE抗氧化信号通路有关。     

Wnt3a减轻黑素细胞iMC65氧化应激损伤

目的探讨Wnt3a对氧化应激损伤的i MC65黑素细胞的保护作用及机制。方法将黑素细胞分成对照组,Wnt3a组,H2O2处理组,Wnt3a干预组,750μmol/L的H2O2作用模拟黑素细胞的氧化应激损伤。MTT实验检测细胞活性,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率和细胞产生活性氧(ROS),荧光素酶报告基因检测Nrf2/ARE通路的激活,Western blot检测Nrf2/ARE通路的相关蛋白表达。结果与对照组相比,H2O2处理组的细胞活性明显下降(P0.01),凋亡比率明显上升(P0.01),ROS的产生明显增加(P0.01)。而Wnt3a干预组能显著缓解H2O2处理组细胞活性的降低(P0.05)、降低凋亡比率(P0.05),减少ROS的产生(P0.05)。Wnt3a也能上调Nrf2和HO-1蛋白水平的表达。结论 Wnt3a可以保护氧化应激状态下的黑素细胞,其机制可能与激活Nrf2/ARE有关。     

Molecular mechanisms of the Keap1–Nrf2 pathway in stress response and cancer evolution

The Keap1–Nrf2 regulatory pathway plays a central role in the protection of cells against oxidative and xenobiotic damage. Under unstressed conditions, Nrf2 is constantly ubiquitinated by the Cul3–Keap1 ubiquitin E3 ligase complex and rapidly degraded in proteasomes. Upon exposure to electrophilic and oxidative stresses, reactive cysteine residues of Keap1 become modified, leading to a decline in the E3 ligase activity, stabilization of Nrf2 and robust induction of a battery of cytoprotective genes. Biochemical and structural analyses have revealed that the intact Keap1 homodimer forms a cherry-bob structure in which one molecule of Nrf2 associates with two molecules of Keap1 by using two binding sites within the Neh2 domain of Nrf2. This two-site binding appears critical for Nrf2 ubiquitination. In many human cancers, missense mutations in KEAP1 and NRF2 genes have been identified. These mutations disrupt the Keap1–Nrf2 complex activity involved in ubiquitination and degradation of Nrf2 and result in constitutive activation of Nrf2. Elevated expression of Nrf2 target genes confers advantages in terms of stress resistance and cell proliferation in normal and cancer cells. Discovery and development of selective Nrf2 inhibitors should make a critical contribution to improved cancer therapy.