阿魏酸钠微孔渗透泵控释片的包衣对体外释药的影响

目的考察包衣处方对阿魏酸钠口服微孔渗透泵控释片体外释药性质的影响,并优选最佳包衣处方。方法根据不同时间的累积释放度,考察药物的释放情况,通过正交设计优化包衣处方。结果增塑剂、包衣膜厚度、致孔剂对阿魏酸钠口服微孔渗透泵控释片体外释药速率的影响均较大,并能通过正交设计得到控制12 h内稳定释药的包衣处方。结论通过对包衣处方的调整,可稳定地控释阿魏酸钠口服微孔渗透泵控释片。     

吲达帕胺微孔渗透泵片的设计与制备

目的 设计并制备吲达帕胺微孔渗透泵片剂.方法通过单因素考察和正交试验设计,以释放度为指标筛选优化处方.结果 以微晶纤维素(MCC)、可压性淀粉、乳糖、氯化钠、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC) K4M、十二烷基硫酸钠为片芯材料;以醋酸纤维素、聚乙二醇(PEG) 400、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)的丙酮溶液为包衣液,制备了...     

甲磺酸倍他司汀微孔渗透泵控释片包衣处方的优化

目的:制备甲磺酸倍他司汀微孔渗透泵控释片,并对其包衣处方进行优化。方法:采用相似因子法考察影响释药的主要因素,采用正交试验以致孔剂聚乙二醇的用量、增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)的用量和包衣增重为因素,以释放度的综合指标L值为指标优化包衣处方,并进行验证试验及体外释药模型拟合。结果:相似因子值均小于50,表明聚乙二醇、DBP的用量及包衣增重对制剂的释放均有显著影响;优化的最佳包衣处方中聚乙二醇为30%,DBP为20%,包衣增重为4%;验证试验中3批样品L值分别为13.99、11.15、8.37,12h累积释药百分率大于90%,释药模型特征为零级释药。结论:按最佳处方制得的甲磺酸倍他司汀微孔渗透泵控释片在12h内可稳定释药,且释放完全。     

磷酸川芎嗪微孔渗透泵片的研制及释药机制研究

目的:制备磷酸川芎嗪微孔渗透泵片,并进行处方优化和释药机制考察。方法:利用单因素考察和正交试验设计,优化筛选出最佳处方;测定不同处方制剂累积释药百分率;并对其释药机制进行探讨。结果:包衣膜中致孔剂聚乙二醇400用量、片芯羟丙甲基纤维素含量、增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二丁酯用量、包衣增重为影响药物释放的4个重要因素。最优处方为聚乙二醇400用量10%,羟丙甲基纤维素用量5%,增塑剂10%,包衣增重12mg,制得微孔渗透泵片在12h内呈现零级控释释放特征(r=0.99981),累积释放率为94.2%,批间重现性良好,不受胃肠道环境影响;释药机制包括渗透泵机制和扩散机制,以渗透泵机制为主。结论:该微孔渗透泵片处方及制备工艺简单有效,12h零级释放特征显著,重现性好,可为工业生产提供理论依据。     

盐酸阿米替林微孔渗透泵控释片的制备及其体外释放度的考察

目的:优化盐酸阿米替林微孔渗透泵控释片的处方及考察其体外释放度。方法:以体外累积释放度为评价指标,对渗透压促进剂的种类和用量、致孔剂聚乙二醇含量和包衣膜增重率等因素分别进行单因素和正交试验优化处方,并进行体外释放度考察。结果:最优处方为渗透压促进剂为乳糖,用量为190mg,聚乙二醇含量为10,包衣膜增重率为4;优化处方所制制剂体外释放行为符合零级释放规律。结论:优化处方合理,制剂体外释药缓慢、平稳。     

卡维地洛微孔渗透泵颗粒的制备及其性能

目的:制备卡维地洛微孔渗透泵颗粒,并对其性能进行研究。方法:以卡维地洛作为模型药物,以氯化钠为渗透压活性物质,酒石酸为溶解度调节剂,醋酸纤维素为包衣膜材,PEG400为水溶性致孔剂,采用正交试验设计法L9(34)优选卡维地洛微孔渗透泵颗粒制备工艺。结果:卡维地洛微孔渗透泵颗粒在模拟胃肠环境中按零级动力学方式释放药物,具有明显的渗透泵特征和控释效果,且基本不受胃肠pH环境的影响,12 h内累积释放度可达71.90%。结论:卡维地洛微孔渗透泵颗粒处方组成合理、制备工艺可行,可望成为一种新的卡维地洛控释剂型。     

西罗莫司单层高分子渗透泵控释片的制备及其体外释放特性研究

目的:制备西罗莫司单层高分子渗透泵控释片并考察其体外释放特性。方法:通过对片芯组成中的释药载体聚氧乙烯(PEO)的分子量、用量,促渗剂种类及氯化钠(NaCl)用量,包衣液中的聚乙二醇400(PEG400)用量,衣膜增重等设计单因素试验进行初步筛选,在此基础上以NaCl用量、衣膜增重、PEG400用量为因素,以释药方程的相关系数r为评价指标设计正交试验,考察并优化制剂处方及工艺,同时对其体外释放特性进行评价。结果:以PEO(Mw20000)30mg、NaCl70mg为片芯辅料,PEG4000.14g为包衣材料,衣膜增重12mg时制得的片剂最优,其零级释放特征显著,r=0.9954。结论:该制剂制备工艺简单,在体外可近恒速缓慢释放药物。     

Design and evaluation of osmotic pump-based controlled release system of Ambroxol Hydrochloride

The purpose of the present study was to design and evaluate an osmotic pump-based drug delivery system for controlling the release of Ambroxol Hydrochloride (Amb). Citric acid, lactose and polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) were employed as osmotic agents. Surelease EC containing polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) controlling the membrane porosity was used as semi-permeable membrane. The formulation of tablet core was optimized by orthogonal design and evaluated by weighted mark method. The influences of the amount of PEG 400 and membrane thickness on Amb release were investigated. The optimal osmotic pump tablet (OPT) was evaluated in different release media and at different stirring rates. The major release power confirmed was osmotic pressure. The release of Amb from OPT was verified at a rate of approximately zero-order, and cumulative release percentage at 12?h was 92.6%. The relative bioavailability of Amb OPT in rabbits relative to the commercial sustained capsule was 109.6%. Our results showed that Amb OPT could be a practical preparation with a good prospect.     

包衣处方对盐酸文拉法辛微孔渗透泵型控释片体外释药的影响

目的考察包衣处方对盐酸文拉法辛口服微孔渗透泵控释片体外释药的影响,并优选最佳包衣处方。方法考察聚乙二醇400(PEG400)的用量、包衣增量、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)的种类和用量4个因素对释放的影响,并通过正交设计优化包衣处方。结果盐酸文拉法辛微孔渗透泵控释片的体外释药符合零级释放规律,释药速率受致孔剂、增塑剂、衣膜厚度的影响均较大。结论通过对包衣处方的优化,盐酸文拉法辛口服微孔渗透泵控释片能够恒速释药。     

A novel solubility-modulated granules through porosity osmotic pump for controlled carvedilol delivery

A method for the preparation of porosity osmotic pump granules was obtained by modulating carvedilol solubility with tartaric acid. Controlled porosity of the membrane was accomplished by the use of pore-forming agent in the coating. In this study, carvedilol was chosen as a model drug with an aim to develop a zero-order release system; tartaric acid was used as the solubility promoter; NaCl was used as the osmotic agent; cellulose acetate (CA) was used as the materials of semipermeable membrane; and PEG-400 was used as the pore-forming agent in the semipermeable membrane. The influence of different factors or levels on the in vitro release was studied. In order to simulate the gastrointestinal tract environments, two kinds of pH media (pH 1.5 and 6.8) on drug release were studied in this research, respectively. This porosity osmotic pump was optimized by single factor design experiments, and it was found to deliver carvedilol at a zero-order rate within 12?h and controlled release for 24?h. We drew a conclusion that the solubility-modulated porosity osmotic pump system is simple to prepare and might be used for the preparation of osmotic pump system of other poorly water-soluble drugs with alkaline or acid groups.     

A novel solubility-modulated granules through porosity osmotic pump for controlled carvedilol delivery

A method for the preparation of porosity osmotic pump granules was obtained by modulating carvedilol solubility with tartaric acid. Controlled porosity of the membrane was accomplished by the use of pore-forming agent in the coating. In this study, carvedilol was chosen as a model drug with an aim to develop a zero-order release system; tartaric acid was used as the solubility promoter; NaCl was used as the osmotic agent; cellulose acetate (CA) was used as the materials of semipermeable membrane; and PEG-400 was used as the pore-forming agent in the semipermeable membrane. The influence of different factors or levels on the in vitro release was studied. In order to simulate the gastrointestinal tract environments, two kinds of pH media (pH 1.5 and 6.8) on drug release were studied in this research, respectively. This porosity osmotic pump was optimized by single factor design experiments, and it was found to deliver carvedilol at a zero-order rate within 12?h and controlled release for 24?h. We drew a conclusion that the solubility-modulated porosity osmotic pump system is simple to prepare and might be used for the preparation of osmotic pump system of other poorly water-soluble drugs with alkaline or acid groups.     

天麻素微孔渗透泵缓释片的制备及其药动学评价

目的：制备天麻素微孔渗透泵缓释片,并探究其在家兔体内的药动学特性。方法：采用湿法制粒压片法制备片芯,以包衣增重、醋酸纤维素用量、聚乙二醇400（PEG 400）用量为考察因素,采用Box-Behnken响应面分析法优选包衣处方,通过薄膜包衣法制备天麻素微孔渗透泵缓释片,考察其释放度;分别单剂量给予家兔缓释片和市售普通片,评价其体内药动学行为。结果：以天麻素、羟丙基甲基纤维素（HPMC）、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K30（PVP K30）、氯化钠（NaCl）和α-乳糖等量递增法混匀,制得片重为200 mg的含药片芯;最优包衣处方为包衣增重2%、醋酸纤维素用量5%、PEG 400用量6.5%。体外释药试验表明,与参比制剂相比,天麻素微孔渗透泵缓释片12 h内缓慢释药。家兔单剂量给予缓释片和市售普通片后,二者在家兔体内的t_1/2分别为4.971 h和1.793 h,AUC_0-∞分别为9.405 μg·mL^-1·h^-1和3.253 μg·mL^-1·h^-1。结论：所制备的天麻素微孔渗透泵缓释片具有较好的缓释效果,可以作为天麻素新剂型研究的参考。     

The impact of co-solvents and the composition of experimental formulations on the pump rate of the ALZET osmotic pump

The water-miscible co-solvents polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), and N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) exhibit the potential to increase the solubility of poorly water-soluble compounds and therefore they represent promising vehicles for compound delivery using osmotic pumps in early discovery experiments. Thus, the selected co-solvents were investigated for their compatibility with the interior of ALZET osmotic pumps. Moreover, 1-week pumps were filled with mixtures of either the co-solvents with water (60:40, v/v), with neat PEG400, or with PEG400/water mixtures of different concentrations. It was determined whether the composition of an experimental formulation could have an impact on the overall pump rate with 14C-mannitol being used as the model compound. It was found that neat PEG400 was compatible with the reservoir material, whereas NMP and DMA were tolerable only in aqueous solutions up to 60%. PEG400, NMP, and DMA mixtures with water (60:40) resulted in release rates comparable to those of water and PEG400/water mixtures of lower co-solvent concentration. Moreover, as demonstrated using the various PEG400/water mixtures, the amount of co-solvent in the formulation had no significant impact on the overall release profile. By contrast, the use of neat PEG400 resulted in a significant decrease in the pump rate.     

盐酸昂丹司琼渗透泵片的制备与体外释放

目的制备盐酸昂丹司琼渗透泵型控释片剂(OND-OPT)并考察体外释药特性。方法以锅包衣法制备OND-OPT。通过释放度试验筛选处方并考察OND-OPT的释放特性；通过均匀设计试验建立持续释药时间与衣膜厚度、衣膜中PEG含量和释药孔孔径的关系；考察OND-OPT的释药机制。结果释药孔朝向对不含HPMC的制剂释药有明显影响，而对含HPMC的制剂释药无影响。持续释药时间与衣膜厚度和衣膜中PEG含量有关，与释药孔孔径无显著关系。OND-OPT主要以渗透泵机制释放药物。结论通过调节衣膜厚度和衣膜中PEG含量，OND-OPT可以实现理想的药物控制释放。     

Development and evaluation of push-pull based osmotic delivery system for pramipexole

An oral push-pull system that can deliver pramipexole for extended period of time has been developed and characterized. A bilayer osmotic drug delivery system was developed using a basic design consisting of an oral controlled porosity osmotic pump. Unlike other osmotic systems, which require a preformed orifice for drug release, controlled porosity membranes contain water-soluble pore-formers in the coating membrane. When such systems come in contact with water, the additives dissolve resulting in an in-situ formation of a microporous membrane. The push layer swells releasing the drug at a controlled rate. In advanced Parkinson's disease the usual dose of pramipexole is 1.5 mg three to four times a day. Hence, an attempt was made to develop a once-a-day controlled release system. This may offer significant patient benefits by providing enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects and may also reduce the number of daily doses compared to conventional therapies. This developed push-pull system was compared with other types of osmotic delivery systems, such as an asymmetric membrane coating and a dense coat with mechanical drilling. An optimized system was selected to study the effect of the concentration of a pore-forming agent such as PEG 400 and dibutyl phthalate, the pH of dissolution media, the effect of agitation and osmotic agents on drug release. The osmotic pressure generated was determined using a 3D3 freezing point osmometer. The drug release was found to follow zero order kinetics. Drug release increased with an increase in osmotic pressure. The developed push-pull osmotic system showed the desired once-a-day release kinetics.     

盐酸二甲双胍渗透泵控释片的制备及体外释放度考察

目的研究盐酸二甲双胍渗透泵控释片的制备工艺及体外释药的影响因素。方法通过单因素考察和正交试验,优化制备工艺。结果盐酸二甲双胍渗透泵控释片的体外释药符合零级释放规律,释药速率受PEG种类、PEG用量、包衣膜重量影响较大,在一定范围内,释药孔大小、片芯硬度、溶出介质pH值和桨转速对其影响较小。结论盐酸二甲双胍渗透泵控释片工艺稳定,能够达到9h明显的恒速释药。     

乌拉地尔渗透泵片的制备

目的:制备体外24h恒速释药的乌拉地尔渗透泵片。方法:以氯化钠和高、低分子量(4×106、2×105)的聚氧化乙烯(PEO)组成片芯,醋酸纤维素和聚乙二醇400为包衣液,制备乌拉地尔渗透泵片;采用相似因子(f2)为指标筛选片芯处方,并考察了其释药机制。结果:与理想释药曲线最接近的片芯处方组成为乌拉地尔60mg,氯化钠190mg,PEO(Mr4×106)90mg,PEO(Mr2×105)90mg,药物24h维持零级释放。结论:本渗透泵片制备方法简便,且零级释药特征明显。     

中心复合设计法制备盐酸奈福泮微孔渗透泵控释片

目的以盐酸奈福泮为模型药物制备微孔渗透泵,控制其在24 h内维持零级释放,且最终释药量达90%以上。方法采用中心复合设计法优化处方。以24 h累计释药量和释药速率为考察指标对包衣膜PEG-400含量和包衣膜厚度2个自变量进行多元线性回归和二项式拟合,并进行预测分析。结果2个影响因素和2个评价指标之间存在定量关系,优化处方各指标的预测值和目标值接近。结论经中心复合设计优化的盐酸奈福泮微孔渗透泵片能24 h零级释药。     

Modified push-pull osmotic system for simultaneous delivery of theophylline and salbutamol: development and in vitro characterization

An oral osmotic system which can deliver theophylline and salbutamol sulphate simultaneously for extended period of time was developed and characterized in a view to reduce the problems associated with the multidrug therapy of asthma. Simple controlled porosity osmotic pump contained both drugs (in freely soluble form) did not provide satisfactory extended release of theophylline. A modified two-layered, push-pull osmotic system was developed by using the basic designs of various oral osmotic pumps, such as controlled porosity osmotic pump (CPOP), elementary osmotic pump (EOP) and push-pull osmotic pump (PPOP). Scanning electron microscopy of cellulose acetate coating membrane after dissolution revealed that 25% (w/w) of sorbitol can be used as an optimized concentration of pore forming agent with 25% (w/w) of plasticizer, which was kept constant. Formulations were initially developed for theophylline and the release was optimized by using two different soluble forms of theophylline with varying amount of hydrophilic polymer mixture in upper layer and polyethylene oxide (expandable hydrogel) in lower layer. Further, the release of salbutamol sulphate was optimized by keeping the drug in upper or lower layer or both layers. In vitro release studies showed satisfactory controlled release profiles of both drugs. The release profiles of both drug statistically compared with respective marketed controlled release formulations. An optimized system was selected to study the effect of concentration of pore forming agent and orifice diameter on the release of both drugs.     

马钱子碱双层渗透泵控释片的研制及处方优化

目的 制备马钱子碱双层渗透泵控释片,通过正交试验优化处方,并探讨最佳处方的释药机制。方法 以累积释放度及释药曲线是否呈线性作为评价指标,单因素试验考察PEO N750、PEO Coagulant和致孔剂PEG 4000用量以及包衣增重对马钱子碱双层渗透泵控释片体外释药情况的影响。设计正交试验优化马钱子碱双层渗透泵控释片处方,并对最佳处方体外释药行为进行模型拟合。结果 正交试验结果表明,PEO N750用量对马钱子碱双层渗透泵控释片体外释药行为有显著性影响（P<0.05）,最佳处方：PEO N750 175 mg,PEO Coagulant 65 mg,PEG 4000用量为11%,包衣增重7%。马钱子碱双层渗透泵控释片最佳处方在12 h内释药速率恒定,12 h内累积释放度达93.14%。结论 研制的马钱子碱双层渗透泵控释片在12 h内具有明显的零级释放特征,可有效控制马钱子碱缓慢、恒速释放。