Totally extraperitoneal laparoscopic hernia repair in patients with previous lower abdominal surgery

Introduction: Patients with lower abdominal scars are generally excluded from laparoscopic hernia repair due to the perceived technical difficulty and risk of visceral injury. This study examines the outcome of a series of patients who underwent totally extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal hernia repair despite previous lower abdominal surgery. Methods: Retrospective review of 47 consecutive patients who underwent TEP inguinal hernia repair in the presence of lower abdominal scars between 1993 and 2002. Results: Thirty-five unilateral and 12 bilateral TEP hernia repairs were performed in the presence of 20 appendicectomy, 10 lower midline, 18 suprapubic and 5 paramedian incisions. Two cases were converted to open repair. There were no major complications and no early or late recurrences. Median operating time was 67.5 min and 83% of patients were managed as day cases. Conclusions: Totally extraperitoneal laparoscopic hernia repair can be carried out safely in the presence of scars from previous lower abdominal surgery.     

Totally extraperitoneal (TEP) hernia repair after radical prostatectomy or previous lower abdominal surgery

Background Many practicing surgeons claim that hernias after previous lower abdominal surgery should be treated by transabdominal preperitoneal repair (TAPP). Moreover, previous radical prostatectomy contraindicates the laparoscopic approach for hernia repair. This prospective study was designed to examine the feasibility and to evaluate the surgical outcome of laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) hernia repair in patients who had undergone previous lower abdominal surgery or radical prostatectomy, and to compare this group to all patients who underwent laparoscopic TEP without previous surgery during the study period. Methods Patients undergoing elective inguinal hernia repair, by one staff surgeon, in the Department of Abdominal Surgery at the Institute of Laparoscopic Surgery (ILS, Bordeaux) between September 2003 and December 2004 were prospectively enrolled to this study. Three groups were defined—patients with previous radical prostatectomy, patients with previous lower abdominal surgery, and patients without previous surgery—and their data were analyzed and compared. Results A total of 256 laparoscopic inguinal hernia repairs were performed in 202 patients. Of these, 148 patients had unilateral hernia (143 right and 113 left) and 54 patients had bilateral hernias. There were 166 male patients and 36 female patients with a mean age of 61 ± 16 years. Of these, 10 patients had inguinal hernia after prostatectomy and 15 patients had inguinal hernia after previous lower abdominal surgery. The mean operative time was significantly longer in the patients with previous prostatectomy than in the two other groups. Two patients after prostatectomy were converted to TAPP due to surgical difficulties. There were no major intraoperative complications in all patients except for three cases of bleeding arising from the inferior epigastric artery: two in the postprostatectomy group and one in a patient without previous surgery. Both ambulation and hospital stay were similar for all groups. Only one patient without previous surgery had postoperative bleeding and was reoperated on several hours after the hernia repair. During the follow-up period of 8 ± 4 months, there was no recurrence of the hernia in any group. Conclusions Laparoscopic TEP for inguinal hernia repair in patients after previous low abdominal surgery has good results, similar to those in patients without previous surgery. Despite a longer operative time, TEP repairs can be performed efficiently and safely in patients after prostatectomy by skilled and experienced laparoscopic surgeons.     

Totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair in patients previously having prostatectomy is feasible, safe, and effective

Background

The laparoscopic approach to repair of inguinal hernia has proven advantages over open repair. Repair of more technically challenging hernias, such as patients previously receiving prostatectomy, has been less studied and may not have these advantages. We aimed to compare safety, feasibility, and clinical outcomes for repairs in patients who previously underwent prostatectomy to control subjects.

Methods

We undertook a case–control study using a prospectively collected database. From 2004, all patients were routinely offered totally extraperitoneal laparoscopic repair. All patients who had a history of previous prostatectomy were identified and compared to a matched control group. Both operative and follow-up data were analyzed.

Results

Of 987 patients undergoing surgery during this time period, 52 prostatectomy patients were identified (44 % open, 44 % robotic, 3 % laparoscopic) and matched to 102 control subjects. Accounting for bilateral repairs, 203 hernia repairs had been performed. Patients were well matched for age and American Society of Anesthesiologists score. Operative time was longer for prostatectomy patients (mean, 70 vs. 52 min, p < 0.0001); however, this reduced over time when comparing the first and second half prostatectomy patients (77 vs. 63 min, p = 0.144). Overall, there were no intraoperative or major postoperative complications and only one conversion (prostatectomy group). No significant differences were found for rates of minor postoperative complications, length of stay, or recurrence (n = 1, control group). No difference was observed for chronic pain, and all patients in each group reported satisfaction with surgery at contemporary follow-up.

Conclusions

In experienced hands, totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair for patients previously having undergone prostatectomy is safe and has equivalent outcomes to patients not having undergone prostatectomy, and is an option to open repair. Understandably, slightly longer operative times may be justified, given the benefits of early discharge and less postoperative pain after laparoscopic surgery.     

Totally extraperitoneal repair of recurrent inguinal hernia

Background: A variety of procedures with substantial differences in results are employed to treat recurrent inguinal hernia. The advantages of totally extraperitoneal patch repair (TEP) are even more evident when it is applied to recurrent compared to primary hernias. To investigate the superiority of this method more closely, we reviewed our results obtained for recurrent inguinal hernias over a period of 2 years. Methods: We performed a prospective single-center study using data obtained in consecutive patients with recurrent inguinal hernia who were operated on in 1997 and 1998. Results: A total of 179 patients with recurrent inguinal hernia were recruited. Overall, 1329 patients with inguinal hernia were treated in the 2-year period, of whom 1270 underwent TEP. The percentage of recurrent hernias was 14%. The average age of the patients was 56 years. The follow-up rate was 87.5%, and the mean follow-up period was 2.3 years. The 154 patients who were followed up underwent a total of 225 hernia repairs, of which 181 were for recurrent hernias. The average operating time was 57 min. In 68% (104/154) of the patients, adhesions, adherent epigastric vessels, or cicatricial changes were found, which resulted in the inadvertant opening of the peritoneum in 26.3% of the patients. All the openings in the peritoneum were closed by endoscopic suturing. Intraoperative complications developed in 4 patients (2.3%), including one injury to the bladder and three cases of bleeding from side branches of the epigastric vessels. The conversion rate was 0%. The sole postoperative complication was treatment requiring hematomas in 7 patients, in 2 of whom reoperation became necessary. In both cases, a diffuse hemorrhage due to a preoperatively undiagnosed coagulation disorder was found. No cases of wound or patch infection were observed. In a patient undergoing both primary and recurrent hernia repair, displacement of a mesh led to a recurrence on the primary hernia side (recurrence rate, 0.4%; re-recurrence rate, 0%). Conclusions: Although for its definitive management, recurrent hernia requires a reliable operative technique, current data do not support the recommendation of any of the currently available procedures as the gold standard. In a representative patient population with recurrent hernia, we were able to demonstrate that TEP achieves very good results in terms of re-recurrence rate, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and rehabilitation. Prerequisites for the reliable and low-complication application of the method are a high level of standardization of the procedure and an advanced learning curve. Presented at the 8th World Congress of Endoscopic Surgery SAGES, New York, NY, USA, 13–16 March 2002     

完全腹膜外腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术38例报告

目的:探讨应用Bard3DMax免钉合补片行完全腹膜外腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术(totally extraperitoneal prosthesis,TEP)的安全性及有效性,总结其临床应用经验。方法:回顾分析2008年9月至2009年9月应用Bard 3DMax补片免钉合行腹腔镜TEP治疗38例腹股沟疝患者的临床资料。38例中斜疝21例,直疝7例,复合性疝6例,双侧疝3例,复发疝1例。结果:38例手术均获成功,无一例中转开放手术,手术时间40～150min,术后住院3～7d,平均4d。3例发生血清肿,2例抽液后治愈,1例自行吸收,所有病例术后均无疼痛及阴囊血肿发生。术后随访8～20个月,无复发病例。结论:应用Bard 3DMax补片免钉合TEP安全有效,具有术后患者康复快,并发症少,复发率低等优点,值得临床推广和应用。     

Totally extraperitoneal endoscopic repair of recurrent inguinal hernia.

BACKGROUND: Conventional repair of recurrent inguinal hernia is associated with a re-recurrence rate as high as 35 per cent. Endoscopic mesh repair has promising results regarding both recurrence and complication rates. METHODS: In a retrospective review, the results of endoscopic totally extraperitoneal repair were evaluated in 104 patients with 108 recurrent hernias. Follow-up was at least 1 year. Type of recurrence, time of occurrence after previous repair, duration of surgery, complications, duration of hospital stay and number of re-recurrences were evaluated. RESULTS: Follow-up ranged from 12 to 29 (mean 16) months. Forty-three recurrences were direct, 41 indirect and 15 combined; one was a femoral hernia. Median time to previous operation was 36 months (range 8 days to 42 years). Median duration of surgery was 63 (range 25--160) min. While there were no complications during operation, 12 patients (12 per cent) had a postoperative complication. Two direct re-recurrences (2 per cent) occurred as a result of inadequate positioning of the prosthetic mesh. CONCLUSION: The endoscopic totally extraperitoneal technique is safe and effective for the repair of recurrent inguinal hernia.     

经济型完全腹膜外腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术

目的探讨较经济的完全腹膜外腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术（TEP）的可行性，总结经济型TEP的操作经验，为TEP的推广提供借鉴。方法回顾性分析我院2006年6月至2007年12月对23例腹股沟疝进行TEP的临床资料；采用连续硬膜外麻醉，免气囊扩张器建立腹膜外间隙，使用国产聚丙烯补片且不予钉合固定等系列降低手术成本的手术方法。结果23例腹股沟疝患者腹膜撕裂3例，中转开放手术2例，中转全麻1例（均发生于斜疝）；手术时间40～180min，平均住院5d，住院费用4500．00—5000．00元；术后无疼痛、血清肿、感染、疝复发等并发症发生。结论采用连续硬膜外麻醉，免气囊分离器，国产聚丙烯补片不予钉合固定的TEP是可行的，为其在基层医院的开展提供了借鉴作用。     

Totally extraperitoneal endoscopic inguinal hernia repair (TEP)

Background: This report reviews our experience with 5,203 totally extraperitoneal (TEP) endoscopic hernia repairs performed in 3,868 patients over the 7.5-year period between May 1994 and December 2001, 34.5% of whom had bilateral hernias and 13% recurrent hernias. Methods: We performed TEP as the method of choice in more than 92% of all the patients presenting with inguinal hernia, including those with incarcerated, strangulated, or inguinoscrotal hernias. After reduction of the hernial sac and appropriate dissection of the preperitoneal space, we placed a slit-free 10 × 15-cm polypropylene mesh without the use of staple fixation. Results: Altogether, 29 recurrent hernias (0.6%) were observed, more than 50% of which occurred during the first 2 years after the technique was introduced (1.8%). During subsequent years, the recurrence rate settled to approximately 0.3%. Regarding intraoperative complications, we observed eight injuries to the bladder. At this writing, no bowel injuries or damage to iliac vessels has been seen. Postoperatively, we noted only a single case of mesh infection. In 14 cases (0.4%), postoperative hemorrhage necessitated either inguinal or endoscopic reoperation. As a further major complication, a small bowel obstruction caused by inadequate closure of a peritoneal lesion occurred in two patients (0.05%). The overall reoperation rate for the 3,868 patients was 0.6%. Conclusions: We consider TEP to be a procedure that carries an acceptably low complication rate, combining the advantages of minor access surgery and mesh reinforcement of the groin. This approach is associated with early postoperative return to usual activities and a very low recurrence rate.     

Totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair in patients on antithrombotic therapy: a retrospective analysis

This report addresses whether it is safe to perform totally extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal hernia repair for patients taking antithrombotic agents. Between January 2011 and June 2012, 77 patients (70 men, 7 women) underwent TEP repair at Osaka Police Hospital, 22 (28.6 %) of whom had been treated with antithrombotic drugs preoperatively. Warfarin was stopped at least 3 days preoperatively and antiplatelet drugs were stopped at least 7 days preoperatively. Standard bridging intravenous heparin therapy was used according to the operative risk of each patient. The mean operative time, intraoperative bleeding, postoperative complications, and length of hospital stay did not differ significantly between these patients and a control group, although the patients on antithrombotic therapy were significantly older with higher surgical risk. No major complications or recurrence developed in either group. Our TEP repair method and bridging heparin therapy seem to be safe and feasible for minimizing postoperative complications.     

Single-port laparoscopic colectomy is safe and feasible in patients with previous abdominal surgery

Background

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of previous abdominal surgery (PAS) on single-port laparoscopic colectomy (SPLC).

Methods

We studied 429 consecutive patients who underwent SPLC in our department from May 2009 to December 2013. Patients were divided into 2 groups: those with PAS (PAS group) and those with NPAS (NPAS group). Operative parameters and outcomes were analyzed between the 2 groups retrospectively.

Results

SPLC was performed in 152 PAS patients and 277 NPAS patients. Eight patients in the PAS group and 6 patients in the NPAS group were converted to multiport laparoscopic colectomy (5.3% vs 2.2%, respectively; P = .077). Three patients in the PAS group and 2 patients in the NPAS group had inadvertent enterotomy (2.0% vs .7%, respectively; P = .352). No patients were converted to open surgery. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of blood loss, operative time, and postoperative outcomes.

Conclusion

Our experience has demonstrated the safety and feasibility of SPLC in patients with PAS.     

腹腔镜下完全腹膜外补片修补术治疗成人腹股沟疝46例

目的探讨腹腔镜下完全腹膜外补片修补术治疗成人腹股沟疝的可行性及安全性。方法回顾性分析2009年1月～2010年6月应用腹腔镜下完全腹膜外补片修补术治疗腹股沟疝46例的临床资料。结果46例手术全部完成,无中转开腹手术。手术时间55～145min,平均104．6min,术中出血10～40ml,腹膜撕裂率19．6％（9／46）。4例阴囊血清肿,均未做处理,自行吸收。术后10h恢复饮食,术后住院时间4—7d,平均5．4d,2例术后1周内复发,出院1个月后行局麻下无张力疝修补术治愈,余44例随访1～16个月,无复发和其他并发症发生。结论腹腔镜下完全腹膜外补片修补术是一种可行、安全、有效的无张力疝修补术。     

The feasibility and safety of single-incision totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair after previous lower abdominal surgery: 350 procedures at a single center

Purpose

To evaluate the feasibility and safety of single-incision laparoscopic surgery for totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair (SILS-TEP) with previous lower abdominal surgery (PLAS).

Methods

A retrospective analysis of 350 patients undergoing SILS-TEP for a primary inguinal hernia from January 2012 to December 2015 at Osaka Police Hospital was performed, and the outcomes of the patients with and without PLAS were compared.

Results

SILS-TEP was performed in 84 patients with PLAS and 266 patients without PLAS. Appendectomy was the most common previous operative procedure. There were more patients with an ASA score of ≥3 in the PLAS group than in the control group (p < 0.05). The mean operative time, and the rates of conversion and postoperative complications were comparable between the two groups. There were no cases of recurrence in either group.

Conclusions

SILS-TEP could be safely performed in patients with PLAS and achieved better cosmetic outcomes than conventional laparoscopic surgery.

     

Single incision laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair

Aims

Various single incision laparoscopic surgeries (SILS) and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgeries (NOTES) have been reported recently. Herein we performed SILS for totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair (TEP) on three cases.

Cases

Three males of 72, 49, and 73?years old with the diagnoses of bilateral primary inguinal hernia underwent single incision TEP. The operative steps of single incision TEP are very similar to those of a traditional laparoscopic TEP. The difference between them is a 2?cm infraumbilical incision for the placement of three (5?mm) trocars in single incision TEP. We preferred to use a 30° 5?mm laparoscope with some routine laparoscopic instruments during the surgical procedure. All the hernia defects were repaired with VyproII of 15?×?10?cm (Ethicon, NJ, USA). The operations took 32, 26, and 65?min, respectively, with no obvious inconvenience.

Results

All three patients were discharged on the second postoperative day uneventfully. The postoperative follow-up showed no recurrence in the three patients up to now.

Conclusion

The single incision TEP using an access port device is safe and feasible. Meanwhile SILS may reduce medical costs and complication rates through practice and improvement of SILS instruments.     

Endoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy in patients with prostate cancer and previous laparoscopic inguinal mesh placement for hernia repair.

Introduction: Since laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair has become a frequently performed surgical procedure, it is inevitable that patients who have been candidates for laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) may have had such prior intervention. The inguinal hernia repair might take the form of either total extraperitoneal hernioplasty (TEP) or transabdominal extraperitoneal hernioplasty (TAPP), with mesh placement. The objective was to show that performing endoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy (EERPE) in such patients was safe and feasible, and also to suggest modifications of the technique to facilitate the surgery. Patients and methods: There were no specific selection criteria and patients with prior mesh placements were encountered during the management of all consecutive patients undergoing EERPE. Modifications in the port placements were made to accommodate for previous mesh placements on the right and left side. The area of prior mesh placement was excluded from the dissection when creating the extraperitoneal space. The operation was performed, thereafter, using the standard EERPE method. Results: Out of a total of 750 patients operated on with EERPE, 14 had prior TEP or TAPP with mesh placement. In both groups there were no differences found in the mean operative time. There were no major complications or reinterventions in patients with prior mesh placement. In each group (i.e. TEP and TAPP), a small bladder injury was diagnosed and managed intraoperatively with no further complication. One vascular injury to the inferior epigastric vessels was managed intraoperatively without significant blood loss. None of the 14 patients required blood transfusion. The mean catheterization time was 6.9 days. Conclusion: Although certain problems were presented by previous TEP/TAPP, it is nevertheless feasible to perform EERPE. By adapting port placements and surgical techniques the operation can be performed safely and with a good operative outcome.     

单孔腹腔镜全腹膜外腹股沟疝修补术的学习曲线分析

目的探讨单一外科医师单孔腹腔镜腹股沟疝全腹膜外修补术（SILS -TEP）的学习曲线。 方法回顾性分析中山大学附属第五医院胃肠外科单一主刀医师和固定的助手于2017年8月至2018年9月期间采用自制单孔通道结合普通腹腔镜器械施行SILS -TEP的35例患者临床资料。 结果所有患者的手术都顺利进行,手术时间随手术例数增加而减少,手术出血量减少,15例以后手术时间基本稳定,随访6个月无复发。 结论有单孔腹腔镜手术经验的固定手术团队,达到熟练掌握SILS -TEP的学习曲线大约15例。     

Prospective audit of laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair

BACKGROUND: This article reports the results of a multicenter prospective audit of totally extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal hernia repair conducted by the Swiss Association for Laparoscopic and Thoracoscopic Surgery (SALTC) from May 1995 to August 1996. METHODS: At 29 Swiss centers 1,605 inguinal hernia repairs were performed in 1,186 patients. Half of the repairs were performed by operators whose experience consisted of fewer than 51 procedures. Patients were followed up for 1 year. RESULTS: Bilateral repairs were performed in 35% of the patients, and 15% of all repairs were for recurrent hernia. Conversion rates to the transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) technique and open surgery were 1.8% and 1.6%, respectively. Main postoperative complications were hematoma and urinary retention. At 3 months, seroma was more frequent with slit prosthesis. The recurrence rate was 0.6% at 3 months and 1.6% at 1 year, not depending on the type of implant. The rate for recurrent hernias did not differ from that for primary repairs. CONCLUSIONS: Total extraperitoneal (TEP) repair can be performed with low morbidity and a high level of patient satisfaction. The effects of the learning curve are not to be neglected. The 1-year recurrence rate is 1.6%. Published data on TEP suggest that late recurrences may be less frequent than after open repair.     

Unusual complications of laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair

Although complications of laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repairs are well documented, the development of pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema is rarely reported. The authors' experience with a 23-year-old man who developed intraoperative bilateral pneumothoraces and cervical subcutaneous emphysema during a laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair prompted a MEDLINE literature review. Seven similar cases were found in which the patients developed pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum and/or subcutaneous emphysema following laparoscopic hernioplasty. An intercostal catheter was inserted in two out of the seven patients only. Numerous hypotheses were proposed for the development of these complications. Several authors felt that the duration of the procedure and preperitoneal insufflation pressures are related to the development of these complications. These potentially lethal complications must be diagnosed and managed promptly.