复合手术治疗硬脊膜外动静脉瘘合并硬脊膜动静脉瘘1例 并文献复习

目的 总结硬脊膜外动静脉瘘（SEDAVF）合并硬脊膜动静脉瘘（SDAVF）的复合手术治疗经验。方法 回顾性分析复合手术治疗的1例SEDAVF合并SDAVF的临床资料,并结合文献分析。结果 首先经动脉途径进行ONYX胶栓塞,因胶弥散效果不佳,仅封堵供血动脉,瘘口及引流静脉仍可显影;然后,开放性手术烧灼硬脊膜外扩张迀曲的静脉丛血管,但未剪开硬脊膜探查,术后7 d因并存SDAVF加重血流动力学改变并引起症状加重,再次行介入栓塞时处理SDAVF。术后6个月随访双下肢肌力恢复至4级,大小便功能正常。结论 SEDAVF处理的关键在于闭塞瘘口及近端引流静脉,对于合并的SDAVF,可选择介入治疗。单纯SEDAVF,可选择开放性手术灼闭硬脊膜外扩张迂曲的静脉湖;SEDAVF合并SDAVF,可先行介入栓塞瘘口,解除脊髓静脉高压综合征及硬脊膜外静脉湖压迫症状;如仍末治愈,可行开放手术灼闭硬脊膜外扩张迀曲的静脉湖,解除对脊髓的压迫。     

硬脊膜动静脉瘘的治疗分析

目的 探讨硬脊膜动静脉瘘的治疗方法及其效果。方法 回顾性分析2015年3月到2018年3月收治的13例硬脊膜动静脉瘘的临床资料。采用显微手术治疗11例,采用血管内治疗2例。结果 术后均恢复良好,未发生并发症,均无新增神经功能缺失表现。术后随访6个月,未见硬脊膜动静脉瘘复发,脊髓功能障碍得到不同程度的改善。结论 硬脊膜动静脉瘘应尽早手术,目标是闭塞瘘口和静脉起始部;根据其血管构筑特点及瘘口部位,选择相应的治疗方法。血管内栓塞和显微手术均是安全、有效的治疗方式。     

表现为蛛网膜下腔出血的高颈段硬脊膜动静脉瘘

目的对表现为蛛网膜下腔出血的高颈段硬脊膜动静脉瘘发病机制进行分析,预测出血因素,避免漏诊,指导治疗。方法对5例表现为蛛网膜下腔出血的高颈段硬脊膜动静脉瘘的临床资料进行总结。结果5例瘘口均位于枕大孔区～颈2节段,由椎动脉脊膜支供血．通过髓周静脉引流。所有5例引流静脉均向颅内引流,有不同程度扩张,3例伴有静脉瘤样改变。手术后复合瘘口均消火,4例治愈,1例死亡。结论高颈段硬脊膜动静脉瘘向颅内引流并伴有引流静脉扩张易出血,颅内压增高可能是诱发出血的因素。血管造影应全面,避免小部分蛛网膜下腔出血的患者造影假阴性。手术夹闭瘘口并切断近端引流静脉是可靠的治疗方法。     

硬脊膜动静脉瘘的临床诊断与显微手术治疗分析

目的分析和总结硬脊膜动静脉瘘的临床诊断及显微手术切除治疗经验。 方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2014年1月在平煤神马医疗集团总医院确诊并行显微手术切除治疗的硬脊膜动静脉瘘患者8例,并从临床症状、影像学资料及显微手术切除治疗效果总结了临床诊断及治疗的经验。 结果所有病例均经半椎板入路行动静脉瘘显微手术切除术,术后复查脊髓血管造影,均未发现异常的瘘口及迂曲扩张的引流静脉显影。随访24个月,其中痊愈5例,好转2例,有效率87.5%。 结论MRI是筛选硬脊膜动静脉瘘的无创手段,脊髓血管造影是确定诊断的金标准。显微手术方法简单,疗效确切,可作为治疗硬脊膜动静脉瘘的首选方法。     

硬脊膜动静脉瘘(附1例临床分析)

目的探讨硬脊膜动静脉瘘(SDAVF)的病因、发病机制、临床表现、诊断及治疗。方法回顾性分析了1例患者的相关临床资料。结果本例患者以双下肢渐进性麻木、无力1年余,加重伴大小便障碍9个月为主要临床表现,脊髓MRI显示T9~L1髓内以长T2长T1为主之异常信号,超选择DSA造影可见位于入LT12椎管处一硬脊膜动静脉之瘘口,成功地进行了经单侧椎板开窗夹闭瘘口术。结论SDAVF为一具有直接的动静脉交通性病变,常伴有小型畸形团,多发生于中年男性,误诊率高,主要表现为渐进性的肢体麻木、无力及大小便障碍,MRI有助于诊断,但仍须DSA确诊。阻断连接瘘口与冠状静脉丛的引流静脉是治疗SDAVF的有效方法,显微外科手术效果可靠、复发率低,尽早地确诊和治疗是取得良好疗效的根本前提。     

经单侧椎板开窗夹闭硬脊膜动静脉瘘

目的　总结经单侧椎板开窗入路夹闭硬脊膜动静脉瘘的经验。方法　回顾性分析了 5 6例经脊髓MR和脊髓血管造影确诊的硬脊膜动静脉瘘患者经单侧椎板开窗夹闭瘘口的临床资料。结果　 5 4例患者术后行脊髓血管造影复查 ,显示瘘口全部消失。 38例患者术后 6个月行脊髓MR复查 ,显示脊髓周围的血管流空影完全消失 ,T2 像髓内高信号影消失或明显减少。 5 4例患者获随访 ,随访时间 3～ 36个月 ,2 4例症状完全消失 ,2 7例症状改善 ,3例无变化。结论　经单侧椎板开窗夹闭瘘口的手术方法是硬脊膜动静脉瘘的首选治疗方法。     

Double spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas

Background

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (SDAVF) are usually solitary lesions. Synchronous and/or metachronous double SDAVF have rarely been reported in the literature. We report on three patients with double SDAVF and present our single center experience in the diagnostic and treatment management in these patients.

硬脊膜动静脉瘘误诊分析

目的 探讨如何避免误诊硬脊膜动静脉瘘。方法 回顾分析3例误诊的硬脊膜动静脉瘘的临床表现，误诊原因及治疗结果。结果 1例误诊为腰椎间盘突出，2例误诊为前列腺肥大，不仅延误了诊断，还因误治加重了神经功能损害或导致正常器官损害。结论 仔细询问病史和查体，适时行脊髓MRI检查是避免误诊的关键。     

硬脊膜动静脉瘘的诊断及手术治疗

目的 探讨硬脊膜动静脉瘘的诊断及手术治疗。方法 1996年9月～2002年9月收治硬脊膜动静脉瘘病人20例，均行术前MRI、脊髓血管造影证实，手术切断瘘口处硬脊膜动脉与引流静脉的异常交通。结果 12例完全康复，8例症状改善，脊髓功能部分恢复。结论 脊髓MRI是硬脊膜动静脉瘘的无创筛选检查，而脊髓血管造影是确诊的金标准；手术电凝切断瘘口效果肯定，可明显改善症状，防止脊髓损害进一步加重。     

寰枕交界区硬脊膜动静脉瘘的诊断与治疗(2例报告并文献复习)

目的探讨寰枕交界区硬脊膜动静脉瘘诊断与治疗。方法采用多模式影像学方法诊断,枕下后正中入路手术治疗寰枕交界区硬脊膜动静脉瘘患者2例,并结合文献进行分析。结果本组2例寰枕交界区硬脊膜动静脉瘘患者均表现为自发性蛛网膜下腔出血,均经DSA确诊,并经枕下后正中入路成功阻断瘘口后引流静脉。结论寰枕交界区硬脊膜动静脉瘘发病率低,缺乏特征性临床表现,诊断困难;多模态影像、尤其是DSA是确诊的主要方法;开颅手术切断瘘口后引流静脉是相对安全、有较高病灶闭塞率的治疗方法。     

Singing paraplegia: a distinctive manifestation of a spinal dural arteriovenous fistula

The unique case of a baritone with a spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF) causing recurrent, acute paraplegia during singing is described. This case underscores the presence of impaired venous drainage in these lesions and the high level of clinical suspicion required for their diagnosis in patients with any myelopathy.     

脊髓动静脉性血管病变的诊断与治疗(附99例报告)

目的探讨脊髓动静脉性血管病变(SCAVLs)的诊断与治疗。方法自1990年8月至2006年8月,我们收治99例SCAVLs,并回顾性分析他们的影像学改变、治疗方法与结果。结果99例脊髓动静脉性血管病变中,行手术治疗65例,介入治疗34例。手术治疗病例中,脊髓动静脉畸形(SAVM)31例、硬脊膜动静脉瘘(SDAVF)26例和髓周动静脉瘘(PMAVF)8例,各型SCAVLs病例术后获好转者分别为19例、17例和4例。结论脊髓MRI和DSA是正确诊断本病的关键。对SDAVF和Ⅰ型PMAVF宜首选手术治疗,对SAVM应尽可能采用手术切除(或术前辅以栓塞治疗)畸形灶,对Ⅱ型或Ⅲ型PMAVF宜取介入治疗或介入与手术联合治疗。治疗时,应针对动静脉短路进行根治性治疗,即手术和/或栓塞来闭塞瘘口和去除畸形灶。     

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas—An underdiagnosed disease

Background Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (SDAVF) are rare and present with non–specific symptoms. The diagnosis is difficult and it is therefore conceivable that patients may not be recognized. Methods We reviewed the intake forms of patients who had been admitted to the spinal cord injury ward of a rehabilitation center in the period 1980–2004 to identify possible patients with an undiagnosed SDAVF. Clinical and radiological data were evaluated in selected cases. Results In 20 of 1429 newly admitted patients to the rehabilitation center (in 614 of whom trauma was not the cause), we restudied the CT myelograms, MRI scans or spinal angiograms and in two of these we found an undiagnosed SDAVF, and one cerebral dural arteriovenous fistula. One of these three was diagnosed with SDAVF 8 years after the admission to the rehabilitation center; the other two patients had never been diagnosed with SDAVF. In 9 patients a diagnosis of SDAVF had already been established by the time they were admitted to the spinal cord unit. In 20 other patients the admission diagnosis was a vascular lesion or 'progressive myelopathy' but appropriate radiological studies had been destroyed or had never been performed. Conclusion Our results suggest that spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas are an underdiagnosed condition.     

Novalis Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistula

The spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF) is rare, presenting with progressive, insidious symptoms, and inducing spinal cord ischemia and myelopathy, resulting in severe neurological deficits. If physicians have accurate and enough information about vascular anatomy and hemodynamics, they achieve the good results though the surgery or endovascular embolization. However, when selective spinal angiography is unsuccessful due to neurological deficits, surgery and endovascular embolization might be failed because of inadequate information. We describe a patient with a history of vasospasm during spinal angiography, who was successfully treated by spinal stereotactic radiosurgery using Novalis system.     

应用复合手术平台治疗硬脊膜动静脉瘘

目的探讨复合手术平台在硬脊膜动静脉瘘(SDAVF)治疗中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2019年10月复合手术治疗的18例SDAVF的临床资料。结果 18例手术时间3.1～4.6 h,平均(3.5±0.8)h。术后即刻造影未发现瘘口及异常引流静脉。无手术死亡病例,未发生与造影相关并发症。术后3个月复查脊髓造影均无复发,18例症状均明显改善;术后1年,造影复查未发现复发。结论利用复合手术平台治疗SDAVF,定位准确,手术损伤小,复发率低,疗效好。     

最大密度投影、双容积及双容积动态成像对硬脊膜动静脉瘘诊治的研究

目的 探讨最大密度投影、3D-DSA/Dyna-CT双容积及双容积动态成像对硬脊膜动静脉瘘诊断及手术的应用价值。方法 对8例硬脊膜动静脉瘘患者术前均行最大密度投影、3D-DSA/Dyna-CT双容积和双容积动态成像,协助术前诊断、判断瘘口的部位、供血动脉与椎间孔的关系、引流静脉所在椎管内的部位,然后手术灼闭瘘口。结果 最大密度投影冠状位、矢状位和轴位成像、3D-DSA/Dyna-CT双容积成像、双容积动态成像可使硬脊膜动静脉瘘的供血动脉、瘘口位置、引流静脉与其毗邻的椎间孔、棘突、上下椎体的空间三维解剖关系清晰的显现,弥补了单一3D-DSA、MRA、CTA等影像的不足,不仅可在术前协助诊断,模拟手术入路,而且可指导手术过程的顺利进行,有效的避免并发症的发生,取得良好临床效果。结论 双容积与双容积动态成像,尤其是最大密度投影成像对硬脊膜动静脉瘘的诊断、治疗有较大的应用价值。     

Multiple spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae and deterioration post lumbar puncture

We report a 73-year-old man presenting with bilateral leg numbness and weakness. Three spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae (SDAVF) were found after clinical deterioration post lumbar puncture (LP). This patient highlights the difficulties in the diagnosis and management of SDAVF, and the risks of LP.     

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To summarize clinical key points, diagnostic features, and results of imaging and therapy of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF). RECENT FINDINGS: SDAVF accounts for 70% of spinal arteriovenous malformation with an annual incidence of 5-10 cases per million. At least 80% of patients are male, and more than 66% of patients are in the sixth and seventh decade of life indicating preponderance of gender and age. Thrombophilia is not a predisposing factor of disease. Clinical course is predominated by symptoms of congestive myelopathy, but subarachnoid hemorrhage may occur. Double SDAVF is a rare problem in the management of disease. Magnetic resonance imaging has replaced myelography as screening procedure. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography and multislice computerized tomographic angiography may facilitate diagnostic procedure, however, spinal angiography is still required to confirm diagnosis. Treatment by permanent occlusion of fistula results in clinical improvement in 70% of cases. Microsurgical shunt interruption has proven secure and reliable. Endovascular shunt embolization has been established as a standardized procedure, but occlusion rates are still lower than in surgical treatment. SUMMARY: Advances have been made in diagnosis and treatment of SDAVF, but the disease is still not completely understood.     

复合手术治疗硬脊膜动静脉瘘31例分析

目的 探讨复合手术治疗硬脊膜动静脉瘘（SDAVF）的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2014年8月至2019年7月复合手术治疗的31例SDAVF的临床资料。术中DSA技术定位瘘口,据造影结果调整动脉夹,并验证瘘口闭塞的安全性和准确性。术后平均随访（28.9±2.7）个月,采用Aminoff-Logue评分（ALS）评价脊髓功能。结果 31例瘘口位置均准确定位,无扩大切口以暴露病灶,术后造影显示瘘口均消失。末次随访ALS[（3.3±0.5）分]较术前[（4.4±0.5）分]明显降低（P<0.05）;好转14例,无变化4例,加重2例,好转率为66.7%。随访期间无复发病例。结论 复合手术SDAVF安全、有效,与血管内栓塞相比,解决了其早期失败率及晚期复发率高的问题;与显微手术相比,实现了术中精准定位及实时效果评价。     

Histological characteristics of arterialized medullary vein in spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas related with clinical findings: report of five cases

The histological features of arterialized medullary vein (MV) in spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (SDAVF) were studied in five consecutive patients who presented with progressive congestive myelopathy. Retrograde venous filling on preoperative angiography was recognized as being severe in 3 cases and moderate in 2 cases. Direct intradural interruption of the arterialized MV was performed in all patients. The arterialized MV was sampled and examined histologically to determine the percentage of the hyperplasia of venous wall (hypertrophic ratio). Histological examination of arterialized MV showed that hypertrophic alteration of venous wall structure was due to hyperplasia of elastic fibers, ranging from 41 to 82%. Patients with angiographically severe venous hypertension tended to have a higher hypertrophic ratio than patients with moderate venous hypertension. Our observations support the clinical concept that long-standing arterial stress in the spinal venous circulation causes histological alterations of spinal vascular structure associated with the progression of venous hypertension. We suggested that possibly the histological parameter can be used for predicting neurological recovery after occlusion of the fistulas.