济宁市城乡社区成人四个季节膳食类胡萝卜素的摄入量

目的测定部分城乡成年居民膳食类胡萝卜素摄入量水平。方法从三个不同类型的社区中,选择184名30～60岁成人(男84,女100)作为被调查对象,采用"双份饭法"分别于夏、秋、冬、春四个季节收集被调查者连续3 d的全部膳食,用HPLC测定其中β-胡萝卜素、α-胡萝卜素、β-隐黄质、番茄红素、叶黄素和玉米黄质六种类胡萝卜素的含量。结果被调查者夏季膳食中β-胡萝卜素、α-胡萝卜素、β-隐黄质、番茄红素和叶黄素+玉米黄质的平均每日摄入量分别为2.48±2.71 mg、276.6±469.4μg、86.9±241.4μg、2.16±3.38 mg和1.48±1.65 mg;秋季分别为3.39±4.10 mg、271.7±462.8μg、339.9±1016.8μg、0.25±1.34 mg和2.07±3.00 mg;冬季分别为2.85±3.76 mg、302.7±622.6μg、108.8±142.3μg、0.36±1.46 mg和1.97±3.00 mg;春季分别为3.76±3.35mg、162.4±413.9μg、42.1±93.8μg、0.86±1.39 mg和6.10±6.26 mg。各种类胡萝卜素摄入量均随季节而变化,夏季摄入番茄红素较多,秋季摄入β-隐黄质较多,春季摄入叶黄素+玉米黄质较多,而β-胡萝卜素、α-胡萝卜素摄入量的季节波动较小。城市中心社区居民类胡萝卜素摄入量一般较高,城市周边社区和农村社区居民摄入量较低;农村社区居民只有春季叶黄素+玉米黄质摄入量高于城市中心社区居民。结论本研究报告了三种不同社区居民类胡萝卜素摄入量数据,为类胡萝卜素营养研究提供部分资料。     

利用回归分析估算膳食类胡萝卜素摄入量

[目的]评价利用美国类胡萝卜素成分数据估算中国膳食类胡萝卜素摄入量的可行性.[方法]采用双饭份法和称质量记录法,在夏、秋、冬、春4个季节,调查不同社区184名30～60岁居民连续3 d膳食,利用美国的食物成分数据建立β-胡萝卜素、α-胡萝卜素、β-隐黄质、番茄红素、叶黄素/玉米黄质5种类胡萝卜素的食物成分表,计算5种类胡萝卜素每日摄入量.同时,采用HPLC测定膳食样品中类胡萝卜素的含量,并对两种结果进行回归分析.[结果]利用美国类胡萝卜素成分数据计算获得的中国居民膳食类胡萝卜素摄入量同HPLC测定膳食样品中类胡萝卜素的含量结果间存在直线回归关系,直线回归方程分别为:β-胡萝卜素y=824.854+0.741x,α-胡萝卜素y=0.391+0.998x,β-隐黄质y=20.515+0.971x.,番茄红素y=64.964+0.984x,叶黄素/玉米黄质y=36.408+0.967x,回归系数有统计学意义(P＜0.05).[结论]在尚未建立中国食物类胡萝卜素成分数据的情况下,可以利用美国食物成分数据估算中国居民膳食类胡萝卜素摄入量.     

成人膳食类胡萝卜素食物来源构成

目的了解北方部分成年人膳食主要类胡萝卜素的主要食物来源及构成状况。方法采用称重记录法,在春夏秋冬4个季节,调查城区、郊区、农村3类不同社区184名30--60岁居民连续3d的膳食,利用1993年美国农业部一国家癌症研究院（USDANCI）食物类胡萝卜素数据库、1998年美国农业部一营养协作中心（USDA—NCC）食物类胡萝卜素成分数据库和最近的美国食物成分数据库（SR18）建立α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素、β-隐黄质、番茄红素、玉米黄质／叶黄素5种类胡萝卜素的食物成分表,分别计算5种类胡萝卜素的食物来源构成百分比。结果北方居民类胡萝卜素摄入的主要食物分别是β-胡萝卜素（菠菜11．2％±25．6％）、α-胡萝卜素（胡萝卜19．4％±36．8％）、β-隐黄质（鸡蛋19．0％±27．5％）、番茄红素（西红柿30．4％±44．8％）、叶黄素／玉米黄质（菠菜15．8％±32．1％）。结论中国北方居民类胡萝卜素的主要食物来源是菠菜、胡萝卜、西红柿、鸡蛋等。     

成人膳食中类胡萝卜素摄入量与血脂关系

目的研究成人膳食中类胡萝卜素的摄入状况与血脂的关系。方法采用问卷调查法,调查130名35～60岁人群连续3 d的膳食情况,根据膳食摄入情况计算5种类胡萝卜素（包括α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素、β-隐黄质、番茄红素、叶黄素/玉米黄质）每日摄入量,将调查人群按类胡萝卜素摄入量四分位间距分组,观察类萝卜素的摄入量与血脂的关系。结果第1组人群血清甘油三酯水平明显低于第4组人群,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。相关分析结果表明,类胡萝卜素的摄入量与血清中甘油三酯含量呈显著负相关（P〈0.05）。结论结果提示成人膳食类胡萝卜素的摄入与甘油三酯水平具有相关性,摄入类胡萝卜素可能对血脂有一定程度的保护作用。     

城乡社区成人不同季节血清类胡萝卜素水平

目的测定部分城乡成年居民血清中类胡萝卜素的浓度。方法从三个不同类型的社区中,选择184人30～60岁成人(男性84,女100)作为被调查对象,分别于夏、秋、冬、春四个季节时采集每个受试者的空腹静脉血,用HPLC测定血清中β-胡萝卜素、α-胡萝卜素、β-隐黄质、番茄红素、叶黄素类(叶黄素和玉米黄质)五种类胡萝卜素的含量。结果被调查者四个季节的血清中,五种类胡萝卜素的平均浓度(μmol/L)为:β-胡萝卜素0.72±0.20,0.71±0.18,0.70±0.19和0.63±0.20,α-胡萝卜素0.037±0.018,0.039±0.015,0.038±0.017和0.030±0.019,β-隐黄质0.11±0.03,0.14±0.03,0.13±0.04和0.10±0.03,叶黄素和玉米黄素0.61±0.16,0.45±0.09,0.46±0.12和0.47±0.14,番茄红素:0.43±0.26,0.11±0.06,0.07±0.04和0.07±0.03。春季时血清β-胡萝卜素明显低于其他三个季节,但其中城市中心社区居民的血清β-胡萝卜素浓度没有明显季节变化。血清α-胡萝卜素、β-隐黄质、叶黄素和玉米黄素、番茄红素浓度都有着显著的季节变化。三类居民间在每个季节、每一种类胡萝卜素成分的血清平均浓度都有显著差别。结论本文报告了184名中国成年居民夏、秋、冬、春四个季节713份血清中类胡萝卜素摄入量数据,为了解部分人群的血液类胡萝卜素分布提供资料。     

中国六地区成熟母乳中类胡萝卜素含量研究

目的调查中国六个代表性地区的成熟母乳中包括叶黄素、玉米黄质、β-隐黄质、β-胡萝卜素及番茄红素五种主要类胡萝卜素含量,分析六个地区间的差异、国内外差异和可能的影响因素。方法:在成都、上海、天津、广州、长春、兰州六个地区招募单胎足月分娩的健康产妇共612例,收集其40～45d的成熟乳,采用HPLC测定成熟乳中的类胡萝卜素含量。结果在612例成熟乳样本中叶黄素的中位数含量约为70.23μg/L、β-胡萝卜素含量约为23.78μg/L、玉米黄质为18.41μg/L、β-隐黄质为16.98μg/L、番茄红素含量为6.04μg/L。除β-隐黄质以外,成熟乳中的其余四种类胡萝卜素的含量在六个地区间均存在显著性差异(P0.05)。结论在中国成熟乳中,叶黄素的水平在五种类胡萝卜素中占绝对优势。成熟乳中类胡萝卜素含量存在地区间差异。[营养学报,2019,41(6):534-538]     

中国六地区母血和脐带血中类胡萝卜素含量研究

目的 调查中国六个地区的产妇静脉血浆和脐带血浆中包括叶黄素、玉米黄质、β-隐黄质、β-胡萝卜素及番茄红素五种类胡萝卜素含量,分析母血和脐血中类胡萝卜素含量及构成比差异。方法 在成都、上海、天津、广州、长春、兰州六个地区招募单胎足月分娩的健康产妇共180例,收集产妇分娩时的静脉血及其初生儿的脐带静脉血,高速离心取上层血浆,采用HPLC法测定血浆中的类胡萝卜素含量。结果 母血中五种类胡萝卜素的含量均远高于脐血（Z1=-11.635,Z2=-11.635,Z3=-11.635,Z4=-11.634,Z5=-11.632,P<0.001）,其中,母血中的叶黄素、玉米黄质和β-隐黄质浓度约为脐血中的5~7倍,而β-胡萝卜素和番茄红素浓度约为脐血中的15~17倍。脐血与母血中的五种类胡萝卜素浓度呈正相关（r1=0.670,r2=0.553,r3=0.767,r4=0.727,r5=0.563,P<0.001）。叶黄素是脐血中最主要的类胡萝卜素,占比约50%。母血和脐血中类胡萝卜素含量与母体因素如年龄、孕期增重、孕前BMI和产前BMI存在弱相关。结论 脐血中类胡萝卜素含量主要受母血中类胡萝卜素含量的影响。叶黄素是母血和脐血中最主要的类胡萝卜素,提示了其在生命早期对胎儿的生长发育的重要性。     

抗氧化剂及叶酸摄入量与男性肺癌危险性的回顾性队列研究

已有许多研究报道 ,摄入蔬菜及水果与肺癌危险性之间存在负相关关系。本研究目的在于解释几种抗氧化剂及叶酸在上述关系中的作用。荷兰的膳食与癌症研究队列中 ,研究基线期共有 5 82 79位年龄 5 5～ 6 9岁的男性返回了包括 1 5 0项问题的食物频率调查表。随访 6 .3年后 ,共有 939人患肺癌。研究中利用了一个新的荷兰人类胡萝卜素数据库来估计α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素 ,叶黄素 玉米黄质、β-隐黄质、番茄红素 ,以及抗氧化剂维生素 C、维生素 E和叶酸的摄入量。研究中进行了病例 -队列分析 ,计算率比 ( RR) ,并调整年龄、吸烟、教育水平及…     

高效液相色谱法测定血清叶黄素、番茄红素和β-胡萝卜素

目的建立血清中叶黄素、β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素的高效液相色谱测定法。方法Inertsil ODS C18色谱柱(250×4.6mm,粒径5μm);选用甲醇-乙腈-四氢呋喃(60:20:20),含0.01%的抗坏血酸为流动相;流速为1.0ml/min;检测波长为450nm。结果叶黄素、番茄红素和β-胡萝卜素的保留时间分别为4.3min、12.4min和17.0min,回收率分别为97.98%～102.80%、97.24%～101.76%、98.56%~100.4%,日内和日间RSD分别为2.26%和3.02%、4.34%和5.02%、1.81%和2.52%。标准曲线的线性范围为0.05～2.00μg/ml。90名正常人血清中叶黄素、番茄红素与β-胡萝卜素的含量分别为0.34±0.17μg/ml、0.28±0.16μg/ml、0.49±0.25μg/ml。结论HPLC法测定人血清叶黄素、番茄红素和β-胡萝卜素浓度方法可靠,样品处理快速简便。     

叶黄素的生物学作用与研究现状

叶黄素(lutein)为类胡萝卜素之一.自然界存在的类胡萝卜素约达600余种,在人体内发现的类胡萝卜素有α-胡萝卜素、α-胡萝卜素、叶黄素、玉米黄素、隐黄质和番茄红素等.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.