Transvaginal excision of a large rectal stromal tumor: an alternative

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), the specific kit-positive mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, are rarely found in the anorectum and account for only 0.1% of all colorectal tumors. The main stem of therapy remains surgical excision. The standard surgical approach for anorectal GISTs includes transanal resection or enucleation for smaller and anterior or abdominoperineal resection for larger tumors. METHODS: We present an alternative, transvaginal approach for a local excision of a large rectal GIST. In our case, a 5 x 5 x 8 cm large GIST located 3 cm above the dentate line in the anterior rectal wall was removed through the vagina. RESULTS: In our experience, this approach enables a safe alternative even for larger tumors in the anterior rectal wall with a very low morbidity, sparing the patient from an unnecessary abdominoperineal resection.     

Laparoscopic-assisted resection of a bleeding gastrointestinal stromal tumor.

The authors report a case of a 29-year-old male patient with a severe lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage in whom a successful laparoscopic diagnosis and resection (assisted) of an ileal gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) was performed. Laparoscopy can be very useful in the diagnosis and treatment of selected cases of lower gastrointestinal bleeding.     

经阴道入路直肠肿瘤切除术二例

报告2例女性患者经阴道人路进行直肠肿瘤切除术即经自然腔道内镜手术（NOTES）的经过和术后情况。2例患者均为直肠肿瘤,先后于2010年6月8日和2010年8月10日实施NOTES直肠肿瘤切除。手术除脐部这一天然皱褶外,在腹部未使用辅助Trocar,术中使用常规腹腔镜器械,术后腹部无可见的瘢痕。病理诊断分别为直肠管状绒毛状腺瘤和直肠浸润型中分化腺癌。目前,2例患者均已恢复正常工作和生活,夫妻双方性生活均无不适感。     

内镜治疗胃胃肠间质瘤的可行性

近年来,随着消化内镜技术的发展,以内镜黏膜下剥离术（ESD）及其衍生技术包括内镜黏膜下挖除术（ESE）、内镜下全层切除技术（EFR）、内镜经隧道肿瘤切除术（STER）和腹腔镜内镜联合手术（LECS）等的内镜切除技术可治疗绝大多数的胃GIST。本文就内镜治疗胃GIST的指征、方法和疗效评价进行评述。     

40例直肠胃肠间质瘤的预后分析

目的探讨直肠胃肠间质瘤（GIST）的预后特点。方法对新疆医科大学附属中医医院和天津市人民医院1979年6月至2010年6月间收治的40例直肠GIST患者的临床和随访资料进行回顾性分析。结果40例直肠GIST中男性23例,女性17例,年龄28～81（中位数54．5）岁。术后随访1～300（中位52．5）个月,复发和转移18例,其中单纯局部复发7例,单纯远处转移6例,局部复发并远处转移5例。术后1、3及5年生存率分别为82．5％、60．0％及42．5％。单因素预后分析显示。患者术后生存率与肿瘤大小（P〈0．01）、肿瘤Fletcher分级（P〈0．01）、核分裂像（P〈0．01）及术后远处转移（P〈0．05）有关;多因素预后分析显示,肿瘤大小（P〈0．05）、核分裂像（P〈0．01）和术后远处转移fP〈0．01）是直肠GIST的独立预后因素。结论直肠GIST治疗仍以手术切除为主,肿瘤原发灶大小、核分裂像和术后远处转移是影响预后的独立因素。     

腹腔镜下胃肠间质瘤切除术单中心回顾性分析

目的探究腹腔镜下胃肠间质瘤(GIST)切除术的临床疗效及安全性。 方法回顾性分析2014年3月至2017年7月实施GIST切除术的80例患者资料,根据术式不同分为腹腔镜组(62例)和开腹组(18例)。采用统计软件SPSS21.0行数据分析,围术期指标采用( ±s)表示,独立样本t检验;术后并发症发生率行χ²检验。采用Kaplan－Meier法进行预后生存分析,P<0.05为检验标准。 结果腹腔镜组在手术时间、出血量、术后恢复等方面优于开腹组(P<0.05)。两组术后并发症总发生率、术后20个月无病生存率及总生存率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。组织病理检查结果显示,胃肠间质瘤病灶形态多为椭圆形、类圆形及不规则形,其中梭形细胞型占比最多(71.3%)。免疫组织化学检测显示,CD34蛋白阳性率为83.7%,CD117蛋白阳性率为95.0%,DOG1蛋白阳性率为91.3%。 结论腹腔镜下GIST切除术较传统开腹手术术时短、出血少、恢复快、并发症少,手术安全可行,值得推广应用。     

直肠间质瘤19例的诊断与治疗

目的探讨直肠间质瘤的临床、病理特点及合理治疗方法.方法对1986年6月至2005年2月收治的19例直肠间质瘤患者的临床、病理学及治疗等临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果19例中男11例,女8例,平均年龄53.5岁.19例患者诊断均经手术及病理证实.组织学形态以梭形细胞为主,CD117、CD34阳性率分别为100%及74%.高侵袭危险度5例,中侵袭危险度3例,低侵袭危险度4例,极低侵袭危险度7例.结论直肠间质瘤少见,多数倾向于低度恶性生物学行为.治疗以外科手术切除为主.术前获得病理诊断以及术式的选择存在一定困难.对肿瘤直径＜3cm的低侵袭危险度病例,应经肛门行局部切除术.     

Anterior rectal wall gastrointestinal stromal tumor presenting clinically as prostatic mass

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) of the anterior rectal wall can present as a prostatic mass, with concomitant obstructive symptoms. Transrectal biopsies of GIST may be misdiagnosed as primary prostatic sarcomas. We report 3 cases of GIST that were initially characterized as prostatic leiomyosarcomas and treated definitively with pelvic exenteration. The correct diagnosis was possible only after immunohistochemical staining for CD117 and was made retrospectively in 2 of 3 cases. Additional therapy with imatinib (Gleevec, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ), an inhibitor of CD117 tyrosine kinase activity, treated recurrence in one patient and effected complete remission.     

Safe laparoscopic resection of a gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor close to the esophagogastric junction

Laparoscopic gastrectomy is commonly performed for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Partial gastrectomy is usually achieved with a wedge resection to preserve gastric function; however, performing a wedge resection to excise a large tumor located close to the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) can result in deformation of the stomach and/or the stenosis of the EGJ if the gastric wall resection is excessive. We describe our procedure, in which the whole layer of the gastric wall was cut, maintaining a sufficient margin and confirming the distance between the tumor and the EGJ, by endoscopy and laparoscopy. The defect in the gastric wall was closed using linear staplers by hanging up the stay sutures. Five patients with GIST close to EGJ underwent this procedure, followed by a good postoperative course. Thus, we consider our procedure to be safe and effective for gastric GISTs close to the EGJ.     

Laparoscopic resection of gastrointestinal stromal tumors

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic resection has become an accepted approach to gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), with acceptable early results published in the literature. Long-term recurrence rates, however, are still unclear, and the management of tumors in challenging locations requires exploration. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of all patients undergoing a laparoscopic resection of gastric GIST in our institution between November 1997 and July 2004 was performed. RESULTS: A total of 14 patients with 15 tumors were evaluated, 5 of which were located high on the lesser curve. All the patients had an attempted laparoscopic approach, with the following procedures performed: stapled wedge excision (n = 8), excision and manual sewing technique (n = 4), and distal gastrectomy (n = 1). Overall, there was a 15% (n = 2) conversion rate. Lesions found in the fundus and greater curvature areas were easily resected via simple stapled wedge excision. High lesser curve tumors were more difficult to manage and required a combination of methods for complete excision and preservation of the gastrointestinal junction including intraoperative gastroscopy, excision and manual sewing technique, and reconstruction over an esophageal bougie. There were no postoperative complications, and the length of hospital stay was 4.6 +/- 1.9 days. At a median follow-up period of 46.5 months (mean, 37.4 +/- 26 months), one patient experienced a recurrence (18 months postoperatively), with eventual disease-related death. CONCLUSION: The laparoscopic approach to gastric GIST tumors is safe and associated with acceptable short- and intermediate-term results. High lesser curve GISTs can be safely approached laparoscopically using various techniques to ensure an adequate resection margin without compromise of the GE junction.     

伊马替尼耐药的复发转移性胃肠道间质瘤再手术的作用

目的 探讨复发转移性胃肠道间质瘤伊马替尼治疗耐药后手术干预的作用价值.方法 回顾分析2005年1月至2011年12月期间15例完全切除原发病灶后出现转移复发、接受伊马替尼治疗后出现耐药患者的临床病理资料、手术及生存情况.结果 7例患者（46.7%）依然存活,其中3例（20%）无瘤生存,4例（26.7%）带瘤生存;有1例患者失访（6.7%）;耐药后的中位生存时间为32个月,1年、2年生存率分别为85.6%和58.2%.9例患者耐药后进行了手术,其中8例患者肿瘤完全切除,1例为减瘤手术;其余6例患者则是接受伊马替尼600 mg/d或改用索坦治疗.生存分析显示,手术干预组总生存期优于未手术者（P=0.041）,中位生存时间分别为44.0个月及19.5个月.结论 对伊马替尼耐药的复发或转移性胃肠道间质瘤患者进行手术干预可能提高患者的总体生存时间,改善患者的预后.     

胃肠道基质瘤的研究进展

胃肠道基质瘤是消化道最常见的间叶源性肿瘤，代表了一类在发病机制、组织学类型等方面具有相似性的肿瘤类型。它起源于胃肠道cajal细胞，通常存在KIT或PDGFRA基因突变。近年来，有关胃肠道基质瘤诊断、治疗等方面的研究成为消化道肿瘤研究的一个热点，但在某些方面尚欠成熟。作者对近年有关胃肠道基质瘤的研究文献进行综述。     

Successful resection of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor in the pelvis with imatinib mesylate as neoadjuvant therapy

We report a case of marginally resectable gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) in the pelvis treated with neoadjuvant intent before subsequent successful surgical resection. A 46-year old man presented with urinary frequency and rectal discomfort with tenesmus. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a 12 cm diameter mass between the bladder and rectum and the margin of the tumor and prostate was unclear. No metastases were evident. Trans-rectal needle core biopsy confirmed c-kit positive GIST. Because of the locally advanced nature of the tumor,immediate surgical resection would have required total pelvic exenteration with eternal colostomy and urinary diversion. Therefore,the patient was treated with imatinib mesylate 400 mg daily in anticipation of adequate tumor size reduction to enable a more simplified surgical approach. After 3 months of imatinib therapy,MRI demonstrated a reduction in tumor size of 60%. Consequently,a complete surgical resection including the bladder,prostate and part of the sigmoid colon with temporary ileostomy and ileal conduit was performed. Pathological findings of the resected specimen showed widespread degeneration with cystic changes,necrosis, and hypocellularlity,as well as nodules of residual viable c-kit positive tumor cells. The patient has been treated with imatinib mesylate for 39 months following the operation without tumor recurrence.