不同时间窗的高压氧治疗对急性脑梗死患者疗效的影响

[目的]探讨不同时间窗的高压氧治疗对急性脑梗死患者疗效的影响.[方法]本院2011年1月至2011年12月收治急性脑梗死患者102例,按照发病至高压氧治疗的时间窗(t)分为A(t≤12 h)、B(t＞12h,＜3 d)、C(t≥3 d)三组,治疗20 d后分别对三组患者高压氧治疗前后的神经功能缺损程度,日常生活活动能力以及治疗效果进行评定.[结果]高压氧治疗越早,患者神经功能损伤程度越低,日常生活活动能力评分越高,疗效越显著,组间差异均具有显著统计学意义(P＜0.05).[结论]早期对急性梗死患者实施高压氧治疗可明显治疗效果,改善预后,减少后遗症的发生.     

不同时间窗降纤与抗凝治疗急性脑梗死疗效分析

目的　评价不同时间窗降纤、抗凝治疗急性脑梗死的疗效及不良反应。方法　发病在24h内的急性脑梗死患者180例随机分为降纤组(A组)、抗凝组(B组)和对照组(C组);分别给予降纤酶(第1天10U和第3、5天各5U)、低分子量肝素(4 100U腹壁皮下注射, 1日两次,连用10d)、低分子右旋糖酐500ml加丹参24g静脉滴注,每日1次, 10d为1疗程治疗。结果　发病时间≤6h者,欧洲中风神经功能量表评分抗凝组比降纤组高(P<0. 05); 6h后至24h,抗凝组均比降纤组低(P<0. 05);日常生活能力评分无明显差异(P>0. 05),且均无不良反应。结论　发病时间≤6h应用抗凝治疗急性脑梗死效果较好,而在6h后至24h,则降纤效果显著。     

r-tPA动脉溶栓治疗超时间窗急性脑梗死

目的 研究CT灌注指导下r-tPA动脉溶栓治疗6～9h时间窗内急性脑梗死的疗效与安全性.方法 前瞻对照研究2008年1月至2010年12月厦门大学附属第一医院神经内科收治的脑梗死患者,将63例发病6～9h内CT灌注成像提示存在缺血半暗带的急性脑梗死患者随机(随机数字法)分为A、B两组,A组给予r-tPA动脉接触溶栓,B组给予常规抗血小板等治疗.各组患者在治疗前、治疗后24 h和7d行NIHSS评分,90 d行mRS及BI评分以评定临床预后;A组患者术前、术后行脑血管DSA检查,判定闭塞血管再通情况;两组患者24 h内均复查颅脑CT,观察是否合并脑出血.结果 A组30例,B组33例;治疗前后比较,NIHSS评分差异24 h时A组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),B组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),7d时两组均有统计学意义(P＜0.01),组间比较显示A组较B组在治疗后24 h、7d时NIHSS评分下降更显著(P＜0.01);治疗后90 d良好预后者A组明显多于B组(P＜0.05);A组溶栓治疗后成功再通20例(66.67％),24h内有2例并发脑出血,与B组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 CT灌注指导下r-tPA动脉溶栓是治疗6～9h时间窗内急性脑梗死的一种安全有效方法.     

急性脑梗死动脉介入溶栓治疗因素分析

目的分析血压、血糖、治疗时间窗对选择性动脉介入溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的影响。方法对42例选择性动脉介入溶栓治疗的急性脑梗死患者按血糖水平、血压高低、治疗时间窗长短分组,观察治疗效果。结果A、B两组治疗前基本情况比较差异无统计学意义;A、B两组治疗效果比较差异有显著性;C、D两组治疗前基本情况比较差异无统计学意义;C、D两组治疗效果比较差异有显著性。结论5h内选择性动脉介入溶栓治疗脑梗死安全有效,血糖、血压水平影响治疗效果。     

尽早高压氧治疗对急性硫化氢中毒血清CTnI变化及预后的影响

目的观察急性中、重度硫化氢中毒患者给予高压氧治疗的时机对患者血清心肌肌钙蛋白I（CTnI）的影响及其预后的关系。方法根据患者发病到首次进入高压氧的时间将患者归为三组。A组23例均在发病2h内开始接受高压氧治疗，B组15例为发病后2～6h接受高压氧治疗，C组8例发病到首次进入高压氧治疗为6h以上。回顾性观察三组患者入院即刻、第2天、第5天及第10天血清CTnI的定量测定值进行比较，对比三组患者血清TNI的变化规律及预后。结果三组患者治疗前的CTnI测定值差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；第2天血清CTnI均达到高峰，但峰值差异有统计学意义（A组与B组比较P〈0．05；C组与A组比P〈0．01），第5天及第10天各组CTnI差异仍有统计学意义。A组患者治愈17例，好转4例，总有效率21／23；B组患者治愈9例，好转3例，有效率12／15；C组患者治愈1例，好转3例，有效率4／8。各组有效率差异有统计学意义（P〈O．01）。结论中、重度硫化氢中毒患者进入高压氧治疗越早，血清CTnI值恢复越快，心肌损害越轻。预后越好。     

不同时间窗进行脑梗死溶栓治疗的疗效及安全性探析

选择2010年3月～2012年9月在我院进行溶栓治疗的脑梗死患者96例,随机将其分为A、B、C三组各32例,A组在发病3h内给予溶栓治疗,B组在发病3～6h内给予治疗,C组在发病6h后给予治疗,对比三组患者临床疗效和血管再通率。结果临床疗效血管再通率方面A组优于B组和C组,差异显著(P<0.05)具有可比性。在3h内对急性脑梗死患者给予溶栓治疗能够起到显著的临床疗效,同时血管再通率得到提高、增加患者安全可靠性。     

非甾体类抗炎镇痛药在腰椎后路内固定术后镇痛效果的比较

目的：比较氟比洛芬酯与帕瑞昔布钠在腰椎后路内固定术后手术区域镇痛治疗中的疗效及安全性。方法：接受单节段腰椎后路内固定手术治疗的90例患者随机分为3组,每组30例,A组为术后氟比洛芬酯100 mg镇痛,B组为术后帕瑞昔布钠40 mg镇痛,C组为术后生理盐水对照组。记录术后2、6、12、24、48、72 h的疼痛VAS评分、术后追加盐酸曲马多用量和发生不良反应的例数,并进行统计学分析。结果：A、B组术后各时间点镇痛效果显著优于C组（P＜0．05）;C组术后追加阿片类镇痛药物用量显著多于A、B组（P＜0．05）;术后2 h,A组VAS评分显著低于B组;术后6、12、24 h,A组与B组VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）,术后48、72 h A组VAS评分显著高于B组（P＜0．05）。C组不良反应例数显著少于A、B组（P＞0．05）, A、B组发生不良反应例数比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论：氟比洛芬酯与帕瑞昔布钠均能减轻术后疼痛且不良反应发生率低,以氟比洛芬酯起效更快,而帕瑞昔布钠长期镇痛效果更优。     

尿激酶溶栓治疗不同时间窗脑梗死疗效观察

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者不同时间窗内静脉应用尿激酶溶栓的疗效及其安全性。方法将符合溶栓标准的患者按不同时间窗分为两组：A组25例,发病3h内;B组28例,发病3～6h之内,均使用尿激酶100～150万U溶栓治疗,比较2周后临床疗效情况。结果3h内溶栓组与3～6h之内溶栓组疗效比较,差异有统计学意义。结论急性脑梗死早期特别是3h内,尿激酶溶栓有效性、安全性更高。     

老年急性肠梗阻保守治疗与手术治疗的疗效比较

【目的】比较手术与保守治疗老年急性肠梗阻的疗效。【方法】收集老年急性肠梗阻患者80例,依据治疗方法不同分为三组：保守治疗22例（A组）,发病48 h内手术30例（B组）,发病48 h后手术28例（C组）,比较三组患者的肠坏死率、病死率、恢复时间及治疗有效率。【结果】A组患者的肠坏死率及病死率显著低于B和C组,A组患者的恢复时间均短于B和C组,其中手术治疗患者中,B组患者的恢复时间显著短于C组,其差异均有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）;A组患者的治疗有效率（100．0％）与B组有效率（96．7％）、C组患有效率（96．4％）比较差异无统计学意义（ P ＞0．05）。【结论】根据老年患者急性肠梗阻的具体病情发展不同,采取不同的治疗方法对于患者疾病的治愈是行之有效的。     

降纤酶联用依达拉奉治疗急性脑梗死

目的：探讨依达拉奉联用降纤酶治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效及安全性。方法：发病12h内的急性脑梗死患者93例,随机分为A组46例和B组47例。A组患者用依达拉奉注射液（30mg加入0．9％氯化钠液100mL静脉滴注,2次／d,共14d）和降纤酶（首剂量为15U,以后隔日给予5U,共4次,均加入0．9％氯化钠液250mL,2～3h内静脉滴注）;B组患者仅用降纤酶治疗。治疗前后对患者进行欧洲脑卒中量表（ESS）神经功能缺损程度评分、日常生活能力（ADL）评分、急性生理功能和慢性健康状况评分（APACHE）II评分及C反应蛋白（CRP）测定,随访时间3个月。结果：治疗后14d,2组患者的ESS、ADL、APACHEII和CRP较治疗前有显著改善,A组的各项指标优于B组;A组有效率（67．4％）显著高于B组（40．4％）（P〈0．05）;3个月病死率2组无显著差异（P〉0．05）;2组患者均无颅内出血发生,少数患者发生颅外出血,2组差异无统计学意义,所有病例无严重不良反应发生。结论：依达拉奉联用降纤酶治疗急性脑梗死安全、有效。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.