腹腔镜与开腹结直肠癌根治术临床疗效的对比研究

目的：比较腹腔镜与开腹结直肠癌根治术的临床疗效。方法：2003年1月至2007年1月同一手术组完成腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术52例及开腹结直肠癌根治术54例,比较两组的出血量、输血例数、手术时间、吗啡用量、术后住院日和手术前后的血红蛋白,同时观察手术切除肿瘤的大小、长度、淋巴结清扫数以及随诊肿瘤的复发转移情况。结果：腹腔镜组的出血量为（152±97）ml、输血6例、术后吗啡用量（12.7±4.1）mg,术后住院日为（7.6±2.0）d,明显少于开腹组（P〈0.01）;腹腔镜组与开腹组淋巴结清扫数分别为（11.5±4.5）枚和（11.9±6.2）枚,直肠肿瘤远端切缘分别为（3.4±1.5）cm和（3.0±1.0）cm;局部复发率分别为3.8%和4%,远处转移率分别为3.8%和6%,死亡率分别为7.5%和10%;1年生存率分别为96.7%、95.6%,3年生存率分别为80%、82.1%,上述指标两组无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。结论：腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术可以达到与开腹结直肠癌根治术相同的根治效果,且患者创伤小、康复快。     

腹腔镜诊治结直肠肿瘤的临床应用

目的：探讨腹腔镜诊治结直肠肿瘤的临床疗效与可行性及肿瘤切除的彻底性。方法：回顾性分析我院2004年1月至2007年12月应用腹腔镜诊治43例结直肠肿瘤患者的临床资料,并与同期52例开腹结直肠肿瘤手术进行对比。结果：腹腔镜组手术成功39例,中转开腹4例。手术时间（160-340min）稍长于开腹手术（120-270min）,术后住院时间短,康复快,排气快,两组出血量、并发症发生率、淋巴结清扫数、近期临床效果等无显著性差异。结论：腹腔镜诊治结直肠肿瘤安全可行,切除范围与开腹手术相同,但患者康复快,创伤小,术后住院时间短,值得临床推广应用。     

112例结直肠肿瘤腹腔镜手术临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜结直肠肿瘤手术的可行性。方法回顾性分析2002年7月至2005年3月间进行的112例腹腔镜结直肠肿瘤手术患者的临床资料。结果本组88例成功完成腹腔镜结直肠肿瘤手术；中转开腹24例。术后全组无死亡。平均手术时间225min，平均术中出血135ml，淋巴结切除数平均9枚／例，阳性淋巴结数平均2枚／例。手术并发症发生率8．0％。术后12—72h均恢复胃肠功能，术后平均住院8．6d。91．1％获3—28个月随访。未发现Trocar穿刺部位及小切口部位肿瘤转移。结论腹腔镜结直肠肿瘤手术具有创伤小、出血少、胃肠干扰少、术后疼痛轻、恢复快等优点，可以达到安全根治性切除肿瘤的目的，近期效果满意。     

微创外科结、直肠肿瘤规范化手术标准(草案)

1 结、直肠微创外科手术的界定 通过腹腔镜完成结、直肠手术的主要步骤,且腹部切口明显小于常规开腹手术的长度,即属结、直肠微创外科手术范畴. 2 结、直肠癌的手术适应证、禁忌证、原则 2.1 适应证 腹腔镜结、直肠癌手术适应证与开腹手术大致相同.①姑息性手术: 对晚期伴有广泛转移的结、直肠癌病例,行腹腔镜肠造瘘、肠道转流及节段性结、直肠切除术; ②根治性手术: 结、直肠任何一段的癌肿均可在腹腔镜下切除,切除范围应包括癌肿所在肠襻、系膜及其区域淋巴结; ③主要术式: 腹腔镜右半结肠切除术; 腹腔镜左半结肠切除术; 腹腔镜直肠、乙状结肠切除术.各术式指征基本同开腹手术.     

腹腔镜结直肠癌根治与传统根治手术疗效的临床比较

目的:比较腹腔镜结直肠癌根治和传统根治的临床治疗效果。方法:比较同一手术组32例腹腔镜和71例传统手术结直肠癌根治病例的出血量、输血人数、手术时间、吗啡用量、术后住院日和手术前后的血红蛋白,同时观察手术切除肿瘤的大小、长度、淋巴结清扫数目以及随诊肿瘤的复发转移情况。结果:腹腔镜组的出血量、输血人数、术后吗啡用量和术后住院日分别为(131±90)ml,3例,(12.7±3.9)mg,(7.6±2.0)d,明显少于传统手术组,腹腔镜组和传统手术组淋巴结清扫数分别为(12.5±4.3)枚和(11.9±6.4)枚、直肠肿瘤远端切缘分别为(3.1±1.5)f和(2.9±1.0)f,复发率分别为3.1%和2.9%,转移率分别为6.2%和6.0%,死亡率分别为3.1%和4.5%。上述观察指标两组差异无统计学意义。结论:腹腔镜结直肠癌根治可以达到与传统结直肠癌根治术同样的根治效果,且创伤小,恢复快。     

微粒子活性炭对腹腔镜结直肠癌手术淋巴结清扫的指引作用

目的：探讨微粒子活性炭在腹腔镜结直肠癌手术中指引清除淋巴结的临床意义。方法：随机将2005年10月至2007年12月我院收治的70例结直肠癌病例分为：标记组35例,患者术前经肠镜在肿瘤周围局部注射微粒子活性炭后行腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术,对照组35例,仅行常规腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术。切除标本中的淋巴结由外科医师仔细检查剖出、计数并做病理检查。结果：腹腔镜术中被微粒子活性炭黑染的肠系膜淋巴结清晰可见;标记组平均每例清除淋巴结（27.03±2.770）枚,对照组为（15.09±1.522）枚（P〈0.001）;淋巴结转移病例中,标记组平均每例清除转移淋巴结（9.08±1.782）枚,对照组（5.00±1.00）枚（P〈0.001）;标记组平均每例清除小转移淋巴结（3.83±1.528）枚,对照组（1.62±0.961）枚（P〈0.001）。结论：术前注射微粒子活性炭在腹腔镜结直肠癌手术中对淋巴结清扫有指引作用,不仅淋巴结清除总数明显增多,而且可清除更多和更小的转移淋巴结,提高了根治程度。     

腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗结直肠癌的近期疗效观察

目的:对比分析腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗结直肠癌的近期临床疗效。方法:回顾分析2012年1月至2013年1月收治的91例结直肠癌患者的临床资料,根据住院号将患者分为两组,45例行开腹手术(开腹组),46例行腹腔镜手术(腹腔镜组),对比两组患者切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、术后切口感染率、术后止痛药使用人次、排气时间及淋巴结清扫数量等。采用SPSS 19.0统计软件进行统计分析。结果:腹腔镜组切口长度、术中出血量、手术时间、术后住院时间及术后止痛药应用人次优于开腹组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。淋巴结清扫数量、排气时间、切口感染率两组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:相较传统开腹手术,腹腔镜结直肠癌手术是安全、可行的,可取得与开腹手术相当的淋巴结清扫范围,且具有患者创伤小、术后疼痛轻等优点,但其远期效果尚需进一步研究。     

结直肠肿瘤腹腔镜和开腹手术的对比

目的探讨腹腔镜手术治疗结直肠肿瘤的临床应用价值。方法将1998年6月至2003年6月间收治的56例结直肠癌患者,按患者意愿非随机分为腹腔镜组(26例)和传统开腹手术组(30例)。观察两组病例术中及术后恢复和肿瘤根治程度及预后。结果腹腔镜组无中转开腹,手术切口长度、术中出血、术后排气时间、下床时间和住院天数均显著优于开腹组(均P<0.05);在肠段切除长度、肿块距下切缘距离和淋巴结清扫范围方面,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。腹腔镜组随诊12-54个月,除1例横结肠脾曲肠病型T细胞恶性淋巴瘤患者术后12个月复发并结肠穿孔再次行开腹手术外,其余病例随访至今均未发生肿瘤转移、局部复发、Trocar处和小切口处肿瘤种植。结论结直肠肿瘤腹腔镜手术同样可以达到肿瘤根治程度,并具有微创化的优势,     

电钩法腹腔镜结直肠肿瘤手术的应用体会

目的:对比开放手术与电钩法腹腔镜结直肠肿瘤手术的治疗效果,探讨更合理的手术方案。方法:随机将60例活检病理确诊的结直肠癌患者平均分为两组,研究组行电凝钩法腹腔镜手术,对照组行常规开腹手术。对比分析两组手术时间、术中出血量及围手术期并发症等指标。结果:研究组均成功完成电钩法腹腔镜手术,无一例中转开腹。研究组术中失血量、术后腹腔引流量、术后肠道功能恢复时间、术后切口疼痛、住院时间、住院费用均优于对照组(P<0.05);两组手术时间、术中淋巴结清扫情况、吻合口漏、尿潴留、腹腔感染、切口感染差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:电钩法腹腔镜结直肠肿瘤手术是安全、可行的,微创效果好,不但可节约医疗资源,同时明显降低了手术费用,在经济条件困难的患者或无超声刀的医院,尤其基层医院值得开展推广。     

腹腔镜与开腹直肠前切除术术后近期疗效的对比分析

目的:对比分析腹腔镜与开腹直肠前切除术治疗直肠癌的近期疗效。方法:回顾分析48例腹腔镜及55例传统开腹手术的临床资料,对比分析两种术式并发症发生率及临床疗效。结果:两组患者术中、术后均无心肺等严重并发症发生及手术死亡病例。腹腔镜组手术时间相对较长,但术中出血量、术后住院时间优于开腹组,淋巴结清扫数量两组差异无统计学意义。术后患者均获随访(100%)6～24个月,无死亡病例;腹腔镜组无复发、转移,开腹组中1例出现肝转移。结论:腹腔镜直肠前切除术治疗直肠癌安全、可行,微创优势明显。     

Extent of oncological resection in laparoscopic vs. open colorectal surgery: meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopy is not yet wide accepted in cancer colorectal surgery. This study investigated whether the extent of anatomical resection in laparoscopic colorectal surgery is equivalent to that in the open colorectal surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined reports on the results of laparoscopic or open colorectal procedures published between 1990 and 1999 and selected 35 with data on lymph node count and distal margin clearance (total of 3935 patients). There were 16 comparative studies, 6 open series, and 13 laparoscopic series of patients. Several meta-analytic models were used to evaluate the difference between open and laparoscopic surgery, including multiple-outcome random-effects models that account for correlation between multiple-outcomes. RESULTS: More lymph nodes were extracted laparoscopically (0.3-2.14 lymph nodes more); however, only for the fixed-effects single-outcome model this difference was statistically significant. The average distal margin clearance was 4.6 cm with the laparoscopic approach and 5.3 with the open approach Accounting for random variation among the studies, the estimate of this difference obtained from meta-analysis was 0.64-1.19 cm, favoring the open approach; this difference was statistically significant. The estimated within-study correlation between lymph node count and distal margin clearance was 0.26 with the open and 0.19 with the laparoscopic procedure. The estimated within-study correlation between outcomes of laparoscopic and open procedures was 0.86 for the lymph node count and 0.96 for the distal margin clearance. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis shows that laparoscopic approach is as adequate as the conventional approach. Estimates of difference between the two therapeutic options obtained from random-effects models were more precise than those from fixed-effects models.     

Laparoscopic colorectal surgery – results from 200 patients

OBJECTIVE: Laparoscopic surgery is increasingly being performed for benign and malignant colorectal disease. This study examines the short-term results in a consecutive series of laparoscopic colorectal procedures performed over 2 years. METHOD: A prospective database was established for all elective patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery by one surgeon. The main outcome measures assessed were operative duration, conversion rate, length of hospital stay, morbidity and mortality and lymph node harvest. RESULTS: Two hundred and thirty-one consecutive patients were referred for elective colorectal surgery, with 18 patients excluded from laparoscopic surgery. Thirteen patients had nonresective laparoscopic colorectal procedures for endometriosis and have been excluded from the series. Of 200 patients who underwent a laparoscopic colorectal procedure, 114 (57%) were female, the median age was 67 years (inter-quartile range (IQR) 57-76), and there were 116 malignancies. The most common operations were anterior resection and sigmoid colectomy (n = 82), right hemicolectomy (n = 62) and left hemicolectomy (n = 12). The median operating time was 120 min (IQR 90-150) and 10 patients (5%) required conversion to open surgery. The median lymph node harvest in malignancies was 21 nodes (IQR 15-30) and no positive resection margins were found. There were two deaths and 29 significant complications (14.5%), with seven patients requiring re-operations because of postoperative complications. The median postoperative hospital stay was 4 days (IQR 3-6) and 13 patients (6.5%) were re-admitted within 30 days of hospital discharge. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic colorectal surgery is possible for most benign and malignant conditions, with low conversion and complication rates, as well as short hospital stay.     

腹腔镜与开腹结直肠癌手术短期效果的对比研究

目的:对比分析腹腔镜与开腹结直肠癌手术的短期效果。方法:回顾分析2001～2010年1 743例结直肠癌患者的临床资料,其中864例行腹腔镜手术8,79例行开腹手术。结果:相对开腹组,腹腔镜组切口小([5.5±1.8)cm vs.(23±3.5)cm,P<0.01;]失血量少([110±41)ml vs.(350±56)ml,P<0.01);]术后阿片类镇痛剂使用例数少(179 vs.261,P<0.01);首次下床活动时间早([1.9±0.9)天vs.(2.5±1.2)天,P<0.01;]肠道功能恢复快([2.5±0.6)天vs.(3.8±0.7)天,P<0.01;]术后住院时间短[(6.5±1.3)天vs.(8.4±1.5)天,P<0.01;]术后并发症发生率低(15.7%vs.27.6%,P<0.01)。淋巴结清扫数量、标本切缘阳性率两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:腹腔镜结直肠癌手术安全可行,可取得与开腹手术相同的根治效果,且具有切口小、出血少、疼痛轻、术后住院时间短、并发症发生率低等优势,值得推广。     

结直肠癌伴不可切除的同时性肝转移的腹腔镜治疗

目的:探讨结直肠癌伴有同时性不可切除肝转移灶的腹腔镜治疗的可行性及临床应用价值。方法:回顾分析2011年6月至2012年12月31例结直肠癌伴不可切除的同时性肝转移患者的临床资料及随访结果。按原发灶手术切除方式分为两组,A组行开腹手术切除结直肠癌原发灶(n=18),B组行腹腔镜手术(n=13)。术后均采取mFOLFOX6方案化疗。对比分析两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、术后住院时间、术后接受首次化疗时间及治疗效果。结果:31例均成功施行结直肠癌切除术,腹腔镜组无一例中转开腹及严重并发症发生。术后患者行mFOLFOX6方案化疗至少2个周期。经统计学分析发现,两组患者手术时间、治疗效果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但腹腔镜组术中出血量明显减少(P<0.01),术后排气时间明显缩短(P<0.05),术后住院时间明显减少(P<0.05),术后接受首次化疗的时间明显缩短(P<0.05)。结论:对于不可切除的同时性结直肠癌肝转移患者,行腹腔镜原发肿瘤切除是安全、可行的;与开腹手术相比,腹腔镜手术治疗结直肠癌伴不可切除的同时性肝转移,在切除原发灶的手术中具有出血量少、创伤小、术后肠功能恢复快、住院时间明显缩短并促进术后早期化疗等优势。腹腔镜手术对原发肿瘤及转移灶的治疗效果与开腹手术无明显差别,具有良好的临床应用价值。     

Adequate lymphadenectomy for colorectal cancer: a comparative analysis between open and laparoscopic surgery

Background

In the surgical treatment of colorectal cancer, a lymphadenectomy is considered adequate when at least 12 lymph nodes are removed.

Aim

To evaluate whether videolaparoscopic surgery positively affects the rates of adequate lymphadenectomy.

Methods

An observational study was conducted with patients undergoing either open or videolaparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer between 2008 and 2013. The following variables were collected: gender, age, tumor site, histology, degree of differentiation, tumor stage, number of lymph nodes removed, and number of lymph nodes affected by the disease.

Results

A total of 62 patients with colorectal cancer were included; 42 (67.7%) received open surgery, and 20 (32.3%) laparoscopic surgery. Regarding lymphadenectomy, a mean of 13 lymph nodes (95% CI: 10-16) were removed in the group that received open surgery, while 19 lymph nodes were removed (95% CI: 14-24) in the laparoscopic surgery group (p=0.021). Adequate lymphadenectomy (removal of at least 12 lymph nodes) was achieved in 58.1% of the total cases, in 50.0% of the patients who received open surgery, and in 75% of those who received laparoscopic surgery. Non-elderly patients and those with an advanced disease stage were more likely to receive an adequate lymphadenectomy (p=0.004 and p=0.035, respectively).

Conclusion

Disease stage and patient age were the factors that had the greatest influence on achieving an adequate lymphadenectomy. The type of surgery did not affect the number of lymph nodes removed.     

腹腔镜结直肠癌手术与开放手术远期疗效的对比研究

目的：探讨腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌根治术的远期疗效及其预后的影响因素。方法：回顾分析2004年1月至2006年12月施行82例腹腔镜结直肠癌手术及86例开放手术的临床资料,统计分析两组患者的一般资料、手术情况、病理结果及生存期等数据。结果：168例中失访21例,随访的147例中目前仍存活101例,死亡46例。开放手术组患者术后1年、3年、5年整体生存率分别为91.7%、67.6%、64.6%;腹腔镜组术后1年、3年、5年整体生存率分别为96.0%、89.3%、63.6%。Log-rank检验显示差异有统计学意义（P=0.049）。单因素分析：与结直肠癌预后有关的因素包括手术方式、分化程度、淋巴结转移、病理分期、术前CEA、术后化疗。按ɑ=0.05标准,进行Cox回归模型多因素分析表明,分化程度、pTNM分期、术前CEA、术后化疗是影响结直肠癌生存的独立预后指标,相对危险度分别为1.522,3.019,2.038,1.762。结论：腹腔镜结直肠癌手术的远期疗效优于开放手术,但不是影响结直肠癌预后的独立因素。分化程度、pTNM分期、术前CEA、术后化疗是影响结直肠癌患者远期生存的独立预后指标,其中肿瘤分期是影响结直肠癌预后最重要的因素。     

老年结直肠癌患者腹腔镜手术与开放手术的临床对比研究

目的:通过对老年结直肠癌患者腹腔镜手术与开放手术各项临床指标的对比研究,探讨老年结直肠癌患者行腹腔镜手术的安全性和可行性。方法:回顾分析2006年1月至2009年12月为117例≥60岁结直肠癌患者行肿瘤根治术的临床资料,其中腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌根治术(A组)55例,传统开腹结直肠癌根治术(B组)62例。对比分析两组的一般情况(ASA评分)、手术病理分级(Dukes分期)、手术时间、手术出血量、术前及术后心肺功能、术中气道压力、酸碱平衡、术后胃肠道功能恢复时间、术后并发症、标本淋巴结阳性率等围手术期情况。结果:两组患者术前ASA评分、合并症、病理分级及手术时间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术中患者心功能指标心脏指数、射血分数、肺功能指标动脉血PaCO2、pH值腹腔镜组均有所增高(P0.05),但术后1d再测指标差异无统计学意义。气道压力腹腔镜组明显增高,可通过麻醉改变呼吸指数调整。腹腔镜组胃肠恢复排气时间、术后住院时间显著短于开腹组(P0.05);术中出血、术后相应并发症腹腔镜组明显少于开腹组(P0.05);死亡率、术后淋巴结获取数、阳性率及直肠癌环周切缘阳性率两组差异无统计学意义。结论:为老年结直肠癌患者行腹腔镜辅助根治术具有良好的安全性及可行性,具有出血少、康复快、并发症少、住院时间短等优势。     

腹腔镜联合辅助化疗及内镜治疗进展期结直肠癌合并腺瘤的应用研究

目的：探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术加辅助化疗加二期内镜下治疗结直肠癌合并根治术切除范围外结直肠腺瘤的临床应用价值。方法：2005年1月-2010年6月对54例进展期结直肠癌合并根治术切除范围外结直肠腺瘤（〉1．0cm）的患者（研究组）行腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术加辅助化疗（FOLFOX4方案）加二期内镜下腺瘤切除的综合治疗,对同期396例单发进展期结直肠癌患者（对照组）行腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术加辅助化疗（FOLFOX4方案）。通过并发症发生率、长期随访等评价治疗效果。结果：2组患者在年龄、性别、手术方式、手术时间、术中出血量、并发症发生率、平均住院时间、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移、TNM分期及1、3和5年存活率差异无统计学意义（P〉O．05）。研究组辅助化疗后对合并腺瘤进行内镜下切除治疗,4例出血经保守治疗后成功止血,未发生穿孔、狭窄等严重并发症;3例患者术后病理组织学检查为腺瘤癌变,其中2例癌变局限于腺瘤中,1例癌细胞侵犯达黏膜下层,该例患者再次行腹腔镜下切除,术后随访无复发。结论：腹腔镜联合辅助化疗及内镜为合并结直肠癌根治术切除范围外腺瘤的患者提供了一种安全有效的微创治疗方法,值得临床推厂和应用。     

腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术中前哨淋巴结定位方法的探讨

目的：比较、评价纳米碳混悬液与亚甲蓝应用于腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术前哨淋巴结标记的差异、优劣及其临床应用价值。方法：将50例结直肠癌患者随机分为两组,分别于腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术中采用纳米碳、亚甲蓝进行前哨淋巴结定位活检,记录两种方法检出前哨淋巴结的数量及分布情况,比较两组检出总淋巴结数及前哨淋巴结检测的成功率、准确性、敏感性、特异性、假阴性率。结果：两组患者一般资料差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。纳米碳组平均检出淋巴结（16.1±1.02）枚,明显多于亚甲蓝组（12.7±1.10,P=0.025）。纳米碳组23例检出前哨淋巴结,共43枚,平均（1.87±0.18）枚;亚甲蓝组20例检出前哨淋巴结,共23枚,平均（1.15±0.11）枚,两组差异有统计学意义（P=0.002）。纳米碳组前哨淋巴结检出成功率、准确性、敏感性、特异性、假阴性率等均优于亚甲蓝组,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术中使用纳米碳混悬液进行前哨淋巴结活检效果明显优于亚甲蓝,且有助于淋巴结的清扫,并指导病理分期。