2001～2005年普宁市2家大型纺织制衣厂工人血压检测分析

[目的]探讨纺织噪声对工人高血压发病的影响。[方法]在普宁市2家大型纺织制衣厂从新建成投产至今连续5年对同一人群进行跟踪调查。[结果]上岗前暴露组（1265人）、对照组（936人）临界高血压患病率分别为4．03％和3．95％，高血压患病率分别为5．30％和5．34％（P〉0．05）。暴露组接触噪声1年、2年，临界高血压患病率分别为6．08％、7．19％，对照组分别为4．17％、4．49％，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。接触噪声3年，临界高血压与高血压患病率暴露组为6．72％、8．22％，对照组为4．38％、5．98％；接触噪声4年，临界高血压与高血压患病率暴露组分别为6．56％、9．09％，对照组分别为4．59％、6．09％，暴露组均高于对照组（P〈0．05）。[结论]长期接触高强度噪声对纺织作业人员的血压升高有一定作用。     

2002年武汉市蔡甸区部分15岁以上居民糖尿病患病情况调查

[目的]了解蔡甸区居民糖尿病患病情况及其影响因素。[方法]2002年用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法，抽取武汉市蔡甸区3个街、6个村的部分15岁以上居民进行调查。[结果]调查356人，糖尿病患病率为2．81％。糖尿病患病率，城区居民为7．34％，农村居民为0．81％（P〈0．01）；15-49岁与50岁以上者分别为1．79％、4．55％，体重指数18．5～24．9、25-29者分别为2．75％、4．41％，血清总胆固醇升高者与正常者分别为1／5、2．56％（P〉0．05）。[结论]蔡甸区15岁以上居民糖尿病患病率较高，由于样本量较小，尚不能得到其发病规律。     

2006年章丘市在职教师高血压患病状况调查

[目的]了解章丘市在职教师高血压患病状况，以便为教师高血压防治提供科学依据。[方法]对参加健康检查6000名在职教师的血压进行统计分析。[结果]患高血压1050人，患病率17．50％；其中城区教师高血压患病率19．42％，乡镇教师高血压患病率17．12％，两者之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；男教师高血压843人，患病率25．32％；女教师高血压207人，患病率7．75％，两者之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；小学、初中、高中在职教师高血压患病率分别为15．46％、16．77％、21．40％，高中在职教师与小学、初中在职教师的患病率比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。[结论]在在职教师人群中开展高血压防治知识的宣传及干预非常有必要。     

医护人员六步洗手法除菌效果评价及其影响因素分析

[目的]评价医护人员6步洗手法除菌效果及其受所用自来水和皂液卫生状况的影响。[方法]选取深圳市中医院医护人员236名，随机均分为2组，实验组用6步洗手法而对照组用普通洗手法洗手，分别采集所有人员洗手前后手部皮肤拭子进行细菌总数、致病菌及多重耐药菌检测，并对实验组洗手所用自来水和皂液各33份进行细菌总数计数。[结果]实验组洗手前后手部细菌总数合格率、致病菌及多重耐药菌检出率比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；对照组洗手前后手部细菌总数合格率比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），而致病菌、多重耐药菌检出率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；实验组与对照组细菌总数合格率、致病菌及多重耐药菌检出率在洗手前差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05），而洗手后差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。所抽检的自来水和皂液不合格率分别为3．03％（1／33）和12．12％（4／33），由此致5名医护人员洗手后细菌总数反而增加。[结论]医护人员采用6步洗手法的除菌效果优于普通洗手法，应大力推广使用，但应防止受污染的自来水及皂液对洗手效果的影响。     

2002～2004年内蒙古师范大学新生结核病患病情况分析

[目的]了解结核病在大学新生中的发生状况，以便更好地控制结核病在校园中传播。[方法]对2002～2004年内蒙古师范大学2875名入学新生进行胸部透视或摄片，并辅以痰抗酸菌涂片及PPD试验加以确诊。[结果]青春期女生患病率0．09％，男生患病率0．02％，女生发病率高于男生（P〈0．05）；农牧区患病率为0．13％，城镇0.03％，农牧区高于城镇（P〈0．01）；少数民族地区的学生患病率与汉族比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。[结论]新生结核病患病率有明显的性别及区域差异。     

济南铁路辖区45岁以上职工高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症患病情况调查

[目的]了解铁路职工高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症患病情况,为慢性病防治提供依据。[方法]2005年,对济南铁路局所辖济南、泰安、聊城、兖州地区部分45岁以上职工测定血压,检测空腹血糖、血胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇。[结果]调查4118人,高血压患病率为17．56％,糖尿病患病率为15．03％,高血脂症患病率为41．31％。男女高血压患病率分别为18．35％、14．79％,高血脂症患病率分别为42．96％、35．49％（P〈0．01）;糖尿病患病率男女分别为15．32％、14．02％（P〉0．05）。随着年龄的增加高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症患病率增高（P〈0．05）。高血压患病率,糖尿病患者与非患者分别为23．26％、16．55％,高脂血症患者与非患者分别为20．16％、15．72％（P〈0．01）;糖尿病患病率,高血压患者与非患者分别为19．92％、13．99％,高脂血症患者与非患者分别为16．81％、13．78％（P〈0．01）;高脂血症患病率,高血压患者与非患者分别为47．44％、40．00％,糖尿病患者与非患者分别为46．20％、40．44％（P〈0．01）。[结论]45岁以上铁路职工高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症患病率较高。     

个体量化干预对2型糖尿病人知信行的影响研究

[目的]评价饮食与运动个体量化干预方法对提高糖尿病患者相关知识、改善行为方式所起的作用。[方法]2004年3月至2005年3月，采用饮食、运动量化干预方法对45例2型糖尿患者进行干预，并与对照组49名患者比较。[结果]营养与运动知识总知晓率，干预前后干预组（45例）分别为26．46％、78．58％（P〈0．01），对照组（49例）分别为27．46％、29．68％（P〉0．05）。干预后总知晓率和11项知识知晓率，干预组均高于对照组（P〈0．01或〈0．05）。健康行为总合格率，干预前后干预组分别为21．41％、66．87％（P〈0．01），对照组分别为18．92％、21．89％（P〉0．05），干预后总合格率和11项行为合格率，干预组均高于对照组（P〈0．01或〈0．05）。[结论]饮食、运动个体量化干预有助于提高2型糖尿病患者的饮食、运动知识，逐步形成健康的生活方式。     

烹调油烟致大小鼠肺癌的实验研究

[目的]了解烹调油烟（cooking oil fumes，COF）的动物致癌性。[方法]采用动式染毒法给Balb／c小鼠（雌雄各半）吸入COF浓度为9．09、20．65、38．85mg／m^3，染毒1次／1～2d，30min／次，共150次，计8个月；SD大鼠（雌雄各半）吸入COF浓度为6、88、15．06、35．33mg／m^3，染毒1次／2d，30min／次，共191次，计12．5个月。分别制备COF慢性中毒动物模型；两实验均设空白对照组，吸入与实验组相同温度的清洁空气。[结果]COF诱发Balb／c小鼠实验组肺癌总发生率为18、95％（29／153），低、中、高浓度组肺癌发生率分别为15．09％、20、00％和22．00％，与对照组差异均有显著性。但低、中、高三组间差异无显著性（P〉0．05）；COF诱发SD大鼠肺癌总发生率为9、10％（9／99），低、中、高浓度组肺癌发生率分别为6．45％、8．57％、12．12％，高浓度组肺癌发生率高于对照组（P〈0．05）。各性别组间肺癌发生率的差别无显著性（P〉0．05）。[结论]COF可以诱导Balb／c小鼠和SD大鼠肺癌，诱发的肺癌主要为肺腺癌（小鼠28／29，大鼠7／9），余为小细胞肺癌。     

上海市宝山区中小学校食堂卫生设施现况调查

[目的]了解宝山区中小学校食堂卫生设施状况，为加强学校食堂卫生设施建设提供科学依据。[方法]2004年1～3月，对宝山区41所中学食堂、73所小学食堂进行调查。[结果]食堂建筑和布局合格率中学为96．59％，小学为94．07％（P〉0．05）；食堂厨房设施设备合格率中学为90．10％，小学为86．60％（P〈0．05）；食堂备餐间卫生设施合格率中学为86．71％，小学为80．52％（P〈0．05）；食堂餐具清洗消毒设施合格率中学为90．20％，小学为86．90％（P〉0．05）；食堂仓库设施合格率中学为87．80％，小学为81．73％（P〉0．05）。[结论]多数卫生设施中学食堂好于小学食堂。     

广西南宁市壮族人群类风湿关节炎的流行病学调查

目的了解广西南宁市壮族人群类风湿关节炎（RA）的患病情况。方法采用整群抽样方法对7407名≥16岁壮族人群进行病史询问，由风湿病专科医师对询问阳性者进行体格检查；对疑似RA病例，行血清类风湿因子定量检测和双手X线摄片，并将其结果与6826名当地的汉族人群作比较。结果广西南宁市壮族人群RA患病率为0．27％，而当地的汉族人群患病率为0．28％（P〉0．05）；壮族和汉族人群的RA知晓率分别为5．0％和10．5％（P〉0．05），治疗率分别为0％和5．25％。结论广西南宁市壮族人群RA患病率与汉族人群的差异无统计学意义，而对RA的知晓率、治疗率较低。     

Compliance with Papanicolaou smear screening following tubal ligation in women with cervical cancer

To evaluate patient compliance with Papanicolaou (Pap) smear screening after tubal ligation compared with other methods of birth control in patients who develop cervical cancer, a retrospective review of 262 women with cervical cancer diagnosed at age < or = 70 years was undertaken at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine from January 1987 to December 1995. Demographic data, stage of the disease, histologic type, history of smoking, history of sexually transmitted disease (STD), and birth control use were recorded. The Pap screening history was obtained from all the patients. Women who had a bilateral tubal ligation (BTL) were compared with those who did not have this form of birth control. The date and result of their last Pap test prior to their diagnosis of cervical cancer was noted. Two hundred fourteen women with cervical cancer were evaluable. The clinical stage, mean age, history of smoking, and history of STD were similar for both groups. Gravidity among the BTL group was higher than in the non-BTL group (p < 0.01). Forty-eight (22.4%) women had a previous BTL. Twenty-seven of these 48 patients (56.3%) did not have a Pap smear within 3 years prior to the diagnosis of cervical cancer. Of the 166 patients, 61 (36.7%) did not have a Pap test within 3 years (p < 0.05). Fourteen women (29.2%) in the tubal ligation group never returned for a Pap test following the BTL. An average of 6.2+/-5.9 years elapsed since the last Pap test in the BTL group, with 4.0+/-5.1 years in the nontubal ligation group (p < 0.05). There was a correlation between the number of years since BTL (14.2+/-7.7) to the number of years since the last Pap test (6.2+/-5.9) (p < 0.05). Women who have had a BTL should be considered high risk because of poor screening compliance. A Pap test every 3 years is not adequate in this high-risk population group. We advocate improved counseling regarding the importance of continued annual Pap screening for women who are considering tubal ligation.     

Hormonal profile of the menstrual cycle in chinese women after tubal sterilization

Ten women after tubal sterilization were studied for the hormonal profile of the menstrual cycle. They had undergone sterilization procedures, on the average 5.3 years (range 1.5–10 years) earlier. The serum concentrations of LH, FSH, prolactin, estradiol and progesterone were measured by RIA in daily blood samples of a complete menstrual cycle. Another ten normal women were studied at the same time and were used as the control group. There were no significant differences in the hormonal patterns of the menstrual cycle between the two groups. There was a significantly lower LH level in the early luteal phase of the tubal ligation group compared to the control group. Also, a significantly lower E2 luteal peak compared to the preovulatory peak was observed in the tubal ligation group. The physiological significance of these minor changes is not clear.

Only one out of ten women in the tubal ligation group, who had undergone sterilization 1.5 years prior, showed a deficiency in luteal function, but her ovulatory function and menstrual cycle appeared normal. This study indicates that normal hormonal profiles are retained after tubal sterilization.     

未婚人工流产手术前后焦虑抑郁状态调查

目的探讨未婚人工流产（简称人流）手术前后焦虑、抑郁情绪反应的发生率及变化情况。方法采用焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表对未婚人流术病人38例（研究组）及已婚计划外怀孕人流手术者52例（对照组）为调查对象。结果研究组术前焦虑状态、抑郁状态发生率分别为28．96％、23．67％，术后焦虑状态、抑郁状态发生率分别为23．69％、18．40％，分别与对照组比较，差异均存在显著性（P〈0.05）；研究组手术前后焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表评分比较，术后焦虑量表评分明显低予术前（P〈0．05），高于对照组（P〈0．05），而术后抑郁自评量表与术前比较，差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论未婚人流患者手术前普遍存在焦虑、抑郁情绪障碍，且明显高于已婚人流患者。     

宁夏中宁县农村已婚妇女14976例妇科病普查结果分析

目的了解中宁县农村已婚育龄妇女生殖健康状况,为开展生殖健康优质服务、降低妇科发病率的相关政策和措施提供科学的依据。方法按照统一制定的妇科普查表对普查对象逐个询问,并做盆腔B超、妇科检查及白带镜检等。结果普查妇女14976人,患妇科病9065例,患病率60.53%。生殖道感染患病率为56.34%,其中宫颈疾病患病率34.25%,阴道炎患病率为22.08%;盆腔炎患病率1.39%;乳腺增生患病率1.37%。结论该县农村妇女妇科病患病率较高,尤其生殖道感染患病率最高,应制定相应的干预措施,以降低农村已婚妇女的妇科疾病患病率。     

烹调油烟对女工生殖健康的影响

目的探讨烹调油烟对女工的生殖健康影响。方法采用生殖流行病学调查方法,按照统一的妇女生殖健康调查表,随机抽取某几个社区女性厨师152名为接触组,选择该几个社区人群(在家没有煮饭的女性)608名作为对照组。结果接触油烟组女工腹痛、嗜睡失眠、恶心、周期紊乱、经量异常、妊娠剧吐、自然流产的检出率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而妊娠贫血、妊娠期高血压综合征、出生儿先天畸形、早产、过期产、低出生体重儿检出率两组间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论烹调油烟对女性生殖健康有一定的影响。     

噪声与高温对化纤企业工人心血管系统影响的研究

目的探讨高温和噪声联合作用对职业人群心血管系统的影响。方法选取某化纤企业352名噪声和高温作业人员为观察组，263名同厂非噪声和高温作业人员为对照组，采用现场调查、环境监测和职业性体检的方法进行现场和健康情况的调查。结果观察组和对照组在年龄、性别、工龄等方面均衡性较好。观察组高血压检出率为6．5％，对照组检出率为7．2％，两组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；观察组心电图异常率（32．7％）明显高于对照组（19．8％），差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01），主要表现为左室高电压。结论长时间高温和噪声作业可造成心电图的异常改变，但对血压的影响不明显。     

腹式输卵管结扎术后复通术47例临床分析

目的针对育龄妇女但已经实施输卵管结扎的患者采用复通术恢复正常妊娠状态,观察患者子宫妊娠能力以及复通效果,旨在了解手术影响因素,提升手术有效性。方法选取我院在2011年7月至2013年7月间收治的在输卵管结扎后实施复通术的患者47例,回顾性分析其临床资料,探讨输卵管炎症情况和输卵管长度对复通率、宫内妊娠率以及宫外妊娠率的影响。结果①患者炎症部位以及程度对于复通成功率而言没有显著性差异(P>0.05),但妊娠成功率与炎症状况呈相关性,双侧炎症的患者与没有炎症的患者两者间宫内妊娠几率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),患者炎症程度越严重,有效妊娠率就越低。②患者两侧输卵管长度对于复通成功率没有明显影响(P>0.05),但在妊娠方面影响具有明显差异性(P<0.05)。结论患者炎症情况以及输卵管剩余程度均会对妊娠成功几率造成影响,炎症越严重、输卵管剩余长度越短,成功妊娠几率就越小。因此提升妊娠率的关键在于调节输卵管状态,医师应注意术中对输卵管的保护。     

意外妊娠终止后继发不孕的原因及影响因素分析

目的:探讨意外妊娠终止后继发不孕的原因及影响因素。方法:以2006年8月～2008年8月到怀化市第一人民医院就诊的82例意外妊娠后继发不孕的妇女作为观察组,进行问卷调查,以同期入院的58例原发性不孕妇女作为对照组,采用SPSS13.0软件进行统计分析。结果:观察组初次性生活年龄早于对照组(P0.001);避孕失败原因依次为未避孕(占57.32%)、避孕套失败(占18.29%)、安全期避孕(10.98%)、体外排精(9.76%);避孕失败后终止妊娠的方式主要为人工流产、药物流产,而输卵管妊娠后继发不孕者亦占一定比例;继发不孕的原因居前4位的分别是输卵管梗阻、慢性输卵管炎、慢性盆腔炎、输卵管积水。结论:意外妊娠终止后继发不孕的主要原因是盆腔炎性疾病后遗症,导致输卵管梗阻或不通畅。初次性生活年龄过早,未避孕或避孕方法不当,多次人工流产、药物流产、输卵管妊娠史是意外妊娠后继发不孕的重要影响因素。     

Use of contraceptive methods by sexually active women in São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

In 2003, a population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the urban area of S?o Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The sample included 867 sexually active women from 20 to 60 years of age. The objective was to describe the use of contraceptive methods. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire. The study analyzed the prevalence of contraceptive use and socioeconomic variables in women reporting an active sex life (84.5%), stratified by age groups. Some 627 (61.1%) women reported use of contraceptive methods. In the 20-49-year old group, 48.8% reported using oral contraceptives, 18.7% tubal ligation, 17.3% condoms, and 7.3% IUDs. In the 50-60-year old group, the most widely used method was tubal ligation (79.6%). Regarding tubal ligation, the schooling variable showed a linear trend, that is, women with less schooling showed a higher prevalence. Prevalence of oral contraception was higher in low-income women.     

Long-term risk of hysterectomy after tubal sterilization

Previous studies with only short-term follow-up have produced conflicting results on whether a tubal ligation increases a woman's risk for having a hysterectomy. By use of population-based data from the province of Manitoba's universal health insurance plan, all women aged 25-44 years who had a tubal ligation in 1974 (n = 4,374) were identified. As a comparison group, a random sample of 10,000 Manitoba women who were registered with the insurance plan on July 1, 1974 was chosen. Women undergoing hysterectomy prior to July 1, 1974 or a tubal ligation from 1970-1982 were excluded, leaving 6,835 in the comparison group. All health care utilization for two years before tubal ligation or July 1, 1974 (comparison group) was recorded to identify health characteristics of the women. Information was recorded on rate of hysterectomy, dilatation and curettage, all hospitalization, and hospitalization for menstrual disorders for two years after tubal ligation or July 1, 1974. For the longer term analysis, information on hysterectomy up to December 31, 1982 was recorded. At two years there was no increase in adverse gynecologic outcomes between the two groups. Survival curves (life table method) comparing the two groups for up to nine years found higher hysterectomy rates for women aged 25-29 beginning at two years after tubal ligation and increasing with time. Multivariate analysis (Cox's regression model) confirmed that for women aged 25-29, tubal ligation increased the probability of a hysterectomy 1.6 times (1.2-2.3, 95% confidence interval) after controlling for previous gynecologic history, marital status, number of physician visits, and hospitalizations. For women aged 30 and over, tubal ligation was not a risk factor for subsequent hysterectomy in either the short or long term.