国境口岸突发公共卫生事件应急反应体系的研究

[目的]为了有效预防、及时控制和消除国境口岸突发公共卫生事件的危害,以应对国际交流日益紧密的今天,自然疫源性疾病和国际生物恐怖活动给我国带来的威胁。[方法]通过研究具有代表性的4个国家(美国、英国、日本、中国)的应急反应体系,结合《国家突发公共卫生事件应急预案》,提出我国国境口岸应建立的突发公共卫生事件应急体系框架。[结果]提出了国境口岸突发公共卫生事件应急反应体系的基本框架包括指挥协调系统、危机应对准备系统、预警与监测系统、应急响应系统、信息网络系统、法律保障系统、危机处理效果评估系统、国内国际地区协调联络系统。[结论]国家应该在财力、物力和人力上加强对国境口岸公共卫生事件应急能力建设的支持力度,以确保国家的卫生安全。     

国境口岸应对突发公共卫生事件立法探析

〔目的〕探析完善我国国境口岸应对突发公共卫生事件立法体系,提供国境卫生检疫部门应对突发公共卫生事件处置的法律依据,提高口岸卫生核心能力。〔方法〕分析我国目前应对公共卫生突发事件体制的现状和《国际卫生条例(2005)》对口岸核心能力的要求,提出国境卫生检疫部门在应对口岸突发公共卫生事件方面的立法建议。〔结果〕有利于充分发挥卫生检疫部门的技术指导和快速应对的作用,提高口岸处置突发公共卫生事件的能力,更有效保障人民的生命和财产安全。〔结论〕通过立法赋予国境卫生检疫部门参与甚至主导国境口岸突发公共卫生事件的足够权责,更有利于发挥国境卫生检疫部门在处置口岸突发公共卫生事件的作用,提高口岸卫生检疫核心能力。     

国境口岸突发公共卫生事件应急管理探析-以天津口岸为例

目的以提高处置和预防我国国境口岸突发公共卫生事件的能力为研究目的,使其能更加有序、规范、高效的进行。方法以比较为基本研究方法,借鉴美国、日本国境口岸突发公共卫生事件应急管理策略;以天津口岸为例进行实证研究。结果结合《国际卫生条例(2005)》的实施,针对国境口岸突发公共卫生事件应急管理新的变化,客观的对我国国境口岸突发公共卫生事件应急管理预案提出了若干补充建议。结论以期建立建全应急管理系统,有效控制、及时消除和预防国境口岸突发公共卫生事件的危害,保护国境口岸的正常运行。     

《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》第29卷主题索引

题名作者页码期号领导讲话树立和落实科学发展观促进卫生检疫监管事业新发展——国家质检总局副局长支树平在全国卫生检疫监管工作会议上的讲话$$$$$$(1)1突发公共卫生事件国境口岸突发公共卫生事件应急预案框架体系的构建$$$$$$$$$$$$$张家祝邵亚平陆永昌等(     

口岸突发公共卫生事件应急能力评估机制研究

突发公共卫生事件的发生严重影响了区域、国家甚至全球的社会稳定和经济发展,加强核心能力建设是提高应对突发公共卫生事件能力的重中之重.构建国境口岸突发公共卫生事件应急能力评估体系,建立定期评估机制,客观评估口岸突发公共卫生事件的应急能力,是科学指导国境卫生检疫工作的重要基础,对口岸应对突发公共卫生事件应急能力的持续提升与改进具有重要作用.本文通过对口岸突发公共卫生事件应急能力评估机制建设的现状分析,提出了应急能力评估机制建设构想,对评估口岸突发公共卫生事件应急管理能力具有指导意义.     

国境口岸化学恐怖事件应对策略与措施的探讨

[目的]完善国境口岸应对化学恐怖突发公共卫生事件的策略与措施。[方法]结合《国际卫生条例（2005年）》和卫生检疫工作实践,对国境卫生检疫机构在应对化学恐怖事件的措施进行探讨。[结果]国际恐怖活动对我国的威胁依然存在,国境卫生检疫机构作为口岸第一道防线,应提高对防制化学恐怖事件的认识,并从完善各项制度和自身建设,加强与相关机构横向联系,加强口岸公共卫生应急技术和能力等方面制定应对措施。[结论]国境卫生检疫机构应勇于面对挑战,切实加强并提高针对化学恐怖活动的防备和应急能力。     

淮安市突发公共卫生事件应急处置工作与应急机制建设思考

[目的]深入分析淮安市突发公共卫生事件应急处置工作现状,预测未来的流行趋势,提高突发公共卫生事件的应急能力.[方法]分析突发公共卫生事件应急处置工作的现状与存在问题.[结果]淮安市正步入突发公共卫生事件高发期,突发公共卫生事件应急机制建设需进一步加强.[结论]要增强危机意识和应急观念;坚持统一指挥,分级负责;加强基础建设,健全公共卫生体系;编制应急预案,完善预案体系建设;完善保障措施,为应急处置提供支撑;加大宣传力度,动员全社会参与.     

口岸突发公共卫生事件应急处置能力指标体系的建立

目的建立国境口岸突发公共卫生事件应急处置能力指标体系。方法综合运用文献研究、专题小组讨论、德尔菲咨询法和专家访谈等方法,按照全面性、独立性、科学性、重要性等6项原则,对国境口岸突发公共卫生事件应急能力的评价指标进行初拟、筛选和确定。结果经采取专家讨论、德尔菲咨询法等方法,建立了包含4个一级指标(预警监测、应急处置、资源保障和事后重建),32个二级指标的国境口岸突发公共卫生事件应急评价指标体系。结论应急处置能力指标体系涵盖了国境口岸突发公共卫生事件应急能力的各个方面,具有较强的适用性。     

国境口岸生物恐怖事件应对策略与措施的探讨

[目的]探讨完善国境口岸应对生物恐怖突发公共卫生事件的策略与措施。[方法]结合《国际卫生条例（2005年）》和卫生检疫工作实践，对国境卫生检疫机构在防范生物恐怖活动中的应对措施进行探讨。[结果]我国面对国际生物恐怖活动的威胁依然存在，国境卫生检疫机构作为第一道防线，应提高认识，并从完善各项制度和软、硬件设备建设、加强与相关机构横向联系、加强口岸公共卫生应急技术和能力等方面制定应对措施。[结论]国境卫生检疫机构应勇于面对挑战，切实加强并提高针对生物恐怖活动的防备和应急能力。     

广州新沙口岸首例肺结核感染者的流行病学调查报告

目的:加强口岸检验检疫机构对突发公共卫生事件应急处置能力,完善部门协作机制。方法:合理对一例疑似肺结核患者实施临床检查、病史个案以及流行病学调查,对现场进行应急处置[1]。结果:疑似患者最终确诊为肺结核,且进一步就医。结论:加强口岸公共卫生核心能力建设,加大力度实施口岸卫生监督和医学巡查,完善口岸应对突发公共卫生事件管理的长效合作机制,健全和优化口岸应对突发公共卫生事件预案,最大限度地防止传染病的传入和传出,保护人民身体健康。     

A preliminary framework to measure public health emergency response capacity

To provide a scientific guide for most countries in the world to build a complete public health emergency management system. Capacity assessment theory and emergency management theory were reviewed respectively and linked together to construct a preliminary, two-dimensional public health emergency response capacity framework. A preliminary framework for public health emergency response capacity was obtained, which consists of three levels: the systems level, the organizational level, and the individual level. A two-dimensional matrix or a set of two-dimensional matrixes that comprise capacity, dimension, and emergency function dimension formed the preliminary framework in three levels, respectively. This preliminary framework can act as a theoretical guide for a country or a region to set up their own public health emergency response systems.     

Western organizational change capacity theory and its application to public health organizations in China: A multiple case analysis

As health reform becomes a crucial task for both Chinese and United States government, public health organizations are required to adopt changes based on reform policy. Organizational Change Capacity theory is a Western theory that indicates the capacities that organizations should possess when pursuing successful organizational change. This study seeks to understand the applicability of this theory to Chinese public health organizations by contrasting organizations that have achieved success or remained challenged in implementing organizational change to optimize health reform. The research questions are: Is the Organizational Change Capacity theory applicable in Chinese public health organizations? How should it be modified to best fit Chinese public health organizations? Seventy‐two participants from 12 public health organizations in Beijing and Xi'an were recruited for interviews and follow‐up questionnaires that asked for experiences during their organizational changes. During the analysis, a new Chinese Organizational Change Capacity theory with nine main themes emerged. This new framework provides a guideline for Chinese public health organizations to evaluate their change capacity, and offers a theoretical foundation for researchers to design interventions that increase these organizations' capacity in achieving successful change.     

公共卫生决策数据元概念框架的研究

目的建立公共卫生决策数据元（指标）概念框架,确定框架的维度、子维度及其关联关系。方法应用文献分析法和概念分析法确定概念框架的结构、维度和子维度。概念框架是建立在健康影响因素模型的基础上,总体框架遵循科学性、实用性、关联性、系统性和可扩展性的5个原则。维度和子维度的确定依照概念化、目标化、独立性和数目不宜过多的4个原则。维度间的关系则根据公共卫生的特点和公共卫生理论确定。结果提出了健康结果、非医学健康因素、公共卫生系统绩效、公共卫生系统资源、社区特征和保障体系5个维度和20个子维度组成的概念模型,并说明了维度间的相互关系。健康结果维度包括健康状态、人体功能和死亡3个子维度;非医学健康因素的4个子维度是健康行为、生活和工作条件、个人资源和环境因素;公共卫生系统的绩效包括有效性、可及性、效率、安全性和反应性;公共卫生资源包括机构资源、人力资源、财政资源、设施资源和信息资源;社区特征和保障体系维度由社区特征、公共卫生政策法规和保障体系组成。结论作为对公共卫生系统的抽象,概念框架全面地反映了公共卫生系统的组成和复杂的公共卫生过程。可指导公共卫生系统指标体系、乃至公共卫生信息系统的建立。概念框架与以结构、过程、条件和结果所组成的卫生服务质量评价模型相吻合。     

突发公共卫生事件社会影响评估内容的探讨

依据突发公共卫生事件特征,分析和探讨突发公共卫生事件社会影响的内涵和评估内容,探讨建立社会影响评估的理论框架,为突发公共卫生事件的社会影响评估提供科学可行的参考依据,为我国开展突发公共卫生事件社会影响评估研究和突发公共卫生事件应急管理工作提供理论支持。     

A conceptual framework to measure performance of the public health system

OBJECTIVES: This article describes a unifying conceptual framework for the public health system as a way to facilitate the measurement of public health system performance. METHODS: A conceptual framework for the public health system was developed on the basis of the work of Donabedian and a conceptual model previously developed by Bernard Turnock and Arden Handler. RESULTS: The conceptual framework consists of 5 components that can be considered in relationship to each other: macro context, mission, structural capacity, processes, and outcomes. Although the availability of measures for each of these components varies, the framework can be used to examine the performance of public health systems as well as that of agencies and programs. CONCLUSIONS: A conceptual framework that explicates the relationships among the various components of the public health system is an essential step toward providing a science base for the study of public health system performance.     

Integrating climate change adaptation into public health practice: using adaptive management to increase adaptive capacity and build resilience

Background: Climate change is expected to have a range of health impacts, some of which are already apparent. Public health adaptation is imperative, but there has been little discussion of how to increase adaptive capacity and resilience in public health systems.Objectives: We explored possible explanations for the lack of work on adaptive capacity, outline climate–health challenges that may lie outside public health’s coping range, and consider changes in practice that could increase public health’s adaptive capacity.Methods: We conducted a substantive, interdisciplinary literature review focused on climate change adaptation in public health, social learning, and management of socioeconomic systems exhibiting dynamic complexity.Discussion: There are two competing views of how public health should engage climate change adaptation. Perspectives differ on whether climate change will primarily amplify existing hazards, requiring enhancement of existing public health functions, or present categorically distinct threats requiring innovative management strategies. In some contexts, distinctly climate-sensitive health threats may overwhelm public health’s adaptive capacity. Addressing these threats will require increased emphasis on institutional learning, innovative management strategies, and new and improved tools. Adaptive management, an iterative framework that embraces uncertainty, uses modeling, and integrates learning, may be a useful approach. We illustrate its application to extreme heat in an urban setting.Conclusions: Increasing public health capacity will be necessary for certain climate–health threats. Focusing efforts to increase adaptive capacity in specific areas, promoting institutional learning, embracing adaptive management, and developing tools to facilitate these processes are important priorities and can improve the resilience of local public health systems to climate change.     

社区公共卫生应急能力指标体系构成要素研究

目的 探索社区公共卫生应急能力指标体系构成要素,为构建社区公共卫生应急能力评价指标体系提供参考依据。方法 研究利用系统文献检索和文本分析方法,对2003年“非典”以来突发公共卫生事件社区应急能力评价指标的中英文文献和相关政策文件进行分析,对科学性、相关性均较高文献中提出的要素进行了归纳整理,形成社区公共卫生应急能力指标体系构成要素框架。结果 本研究形成了社区公共卫生应急能力评价指标体系构成要素框架,包括6类一级要素和47项二级要素,可为进一步构建社区公共卫生事件应急能力指标体系提供参考。     

The development and pilot testing of a rapid assessment tool to improve local public health system capacity in Australia

Background  

To operate effectively the public health system requires infrastructure and the capacity to act. Public health's ability to attract funding for infrastructure and capacity development would be enhanced if it was able to demonstrate what level of capacity was required to ensure a high performing system. Australia's public health activities are undertaken within a complex organizational framework that involves three levels of government and a diverse range of other organizations. The question of appropriate levels of infrastructure and capacity is critical at each level. Comparatively little is known about infrastructure and capacity at the local level.     

我国台湾地区突发公共卫生事件管理机制及综合监测经验与启示

介绍了我国台湾地区突发公共卫生事件管理架构、运行机制和综合监测应对系统。提示我国大陆地区应加强应急指挥体系建设和信息分析能力;以政府为主导,形成突发公共卫生事件协同治理模式;完善传染病监测信息系统;探索建立区域实验室监测系统;完善基于事件的监测系统,建立完整的综合监测体系等,以提高突发公共卫生事件管理水平和综合监测能力     

公共卫生体系绩效评估的概念性框架

文章提出了一个评估公共卫生系统绩效的概念性框架,该框架将整个系统分为全国、地区两个层次,以Donabedian的理论为基础,将系统目标与持续性质量改善模式中的结构、过程、产出和结果及外部环境5个部分联系在一起.该评估框架可以用来监测公共卫生系统、具体的机构及项目的绩效.尽管目前测量公共卫生系统绩效还存在一定的困难,但相信随着评估技术的不断改进,公共卫生系统的绩效将会得以改善,最终改善人群的健康状况.