空气中重油及沥青烟气标准制备及应用初探

重油及沥青为固体及液体烷烃、环烷烃、芳香烃及其含硫、含氧、含氮衍生物的混合物。沥青广泛应用于筑路、建筑工程、橡胶工业、无线电工业等,而重油则用于锅炉燃料。有资料表明,沥青及重油中均含有致癌物及其它对人体有毒有害物质,为此沥青及重油在空气中释放出的烟气常为劳动卫生监测项目之一,鉴于沥青及重油在不同的温度下所逸散出的烃类及其它化合物的含量不尽相同,因而在做沥青及重油及烟气含量分析时     

血清及脑脊液中NSE浓度及CK-BB活性对新生儿宫内感染所致神经系统损伤与HIE的鉴别意义

目的:研究血清及脑脊液中NSE浓度及CK-BB活性对新生儿宫内感染所致神经系统损伤与HIE的鉴别意义。方法:收集临床明确诊断为新生儿宫内TORCH感染及HIE的病例,检测其血清及脑脊液中的NSE浓度及CK-BB活性。结果:脑病组血清及脑脊液中的NSE浓度及CK-BB活性明显高于宫内感染组,两者相比有显著性差异(P<0.001)。结论:血清及脑脊液中的NSE浓度及CK-BB活性对新生儿宫内感染所致神经系统损伤与HIE有鉴别意义。     

煤工尘肺并发慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者血脂脂蛋白的研究

目的 研究煤工尘肺(CWP)及并发慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者血脂及脂蛋白水平.方法 用现况调查研究的方法,对象分为观察组和对照组,分别测定其血脂及脂蛋白.结果 CWP患者血脂及脂蛋白异常率及水平低于非CWP患者(P<0.05),CWP并发COPD者血脂及脂蛋白异常率及水平低于非CWP并发COPD和CWP不并发COPD者(P<0.05).结论 CWP患者血脂及脂蛋白异常发生率及水平低于非CWP患者,并发COPD进一步降低血脂及脂蛋白水平.     

子痫前期滋养细胞ABCG2表达的研究

目的探讨正常及子痫前期胎盘滋养细胞分化前、后胎盘表达的主动转运因子ATP结合匣式转运子G2 (ABCG2)mRNA及蛋白的表达变化。方法酶消化法原代培养正常及子痫前期胎盘绒毛滋养层细胞,经传代与纯化后免疫鉴定滋养细胞及其纯度。收集培养后72 h (未分化状态)及培养后6 d (分化状态)的细胞,裂解后应用实时荧光定量PCR及Western Blot检测各组细胞ABCG2 mRNA及蛋白的表达水平。结果成功自正常及子痫前期胎盘中原代培养人绒毛滋养层细胞,未分化状态下子痫前期滋养细胞ABCG2mRNA及蛋白的表达平均值为正常的2. 54及2. 06倍,分化状态下子痫前期滋养细胞ABCG2mRNA及蛋白的表达为正常的1. 65及1. 53倍;正常胎盘滋养细胞分化后ABCG2 mRNA及蛋白表达增高3. 55及4. 06倍,子痫前期组仅增加2. 31及3. 03倍。结论自子痫前期及正常胎盘原代培养滋养细胞区分不同分化状态,实时荧光定量PCR及Western Blot检测子痫前期滋养细胞不同分化时期ABCG2 mRNA及蛋白的表达均高于正常,但滋养细胞分化后子痫前期ABCG2 mRNA及蛋白表达增长的程度低于正常。     

2013年美国医疗设计杰出奖获奖产品名单及简介(一)

在这个精彩纷呈的夏天,全球医疗技术行业倍受瞩目的一场盛会莫过于于6月19日在美国费城揭晓的2013年度医疗设计杰出奖(Medical Design Excellence Awards,MDEA)。迄今为止,该奖项已举办十五载有余,其宗旨为将具备改善临床结果潜质且有望取得商业成功的颠覆性技术以及换代产品发掘出来。医疗设计杰出奖分重症护理及紧急救护医疗产品、牙科器械、设备及用品、成品包装、一般医院设备及治疗产品、植入类及组织置换类产品、体外诊断类器械、非处方类及自我保健类产品、放射类及电磁类设备、康复及辅助技术产品、外科设备、器械及用品十个大类进行角逐,最终会由评委们遴选出一款产品作为最佳现场奖得主。本期呈现给读者的获奖产品有重症护理及紧急救护医疗产品、牙科器械、设备及用品、成品包装、一般医院设备及治疗产品、植入类及组织置换类产品。     

98例胃溃疡患者临床及胃镜特点分析

目的探讨胃溃疡患者的临床及胃镜特点。方法收集2009年1月-2010年12月在本院进行检查并确诊为胃溃疡患者98例,根据年龄将其分为两组:中青年组60例,老年组38例。分析其临床及胃镜检查特点。结果老年组临床特点以不规律腹痛及腹胀为主,中青年患者以规律腹痛及返酸为主;老年患者胃溃疡主要位于胃底及胃体部,多部位溃疡的发生率亦高于中青年组,中青年组胃溃疡主要位于胃窦部;老年组宜并发穿孔、出血及幽门梗阻,而中青年组发生并发症的机率较小。结论老年及中青年患者胃溃疡的临床特点及胃镜表现不同,根据老年及中青年胃溃疡的临床及胃镜检查特点,指导临床胃溃疡的诊断及治疗。     

金华县初中及浙江师范大学学生休退学和死亡原因调查分析

目的 对中学及大学学生的休退学与死亡资料进行统计分析,为学校及相关部门制定相应预防措施及制度提供依据.方法 对浙江省金华县各初中及浙江师范大学同一学年学生休退学及死亡资料进行统计分析.结果 中学及大学学生都因疾病而休学,中学学生因病而退学,大学学生大多因违反校规、校纪及成绩不合格而退学.结论 针对休退学原因提出对不同学生对象采取不同的预防措施.     

乡村医生的分布,培训和报酬研究

文章分析了村卫生组织及乡村医生的演变，描述村卫生室覆盖率及乡村医生的服务人口及服务半径，分析乡村医生培训及报酬问题，提出了巩固村级卫生组织及建设乡村医生队伍的建议。     

HCV抗原在慢性HCV感染者卵巢及输卵管组织中表达的研究

目的:探讨慢性丙肝病毒(HCV)感染者卵巢及输卵管组织中HCV的存在及分布。方法:用免疫组化法检测慢性HCV感染者卵巢及输卵管组织内HCV抗原的表达及分布。结果:HCV抗原表达于卵巢的间质细胞、颗粒细胞及血管内皮细胞,HCV在输卵管组织中分布于上皮细胞及间质细胞。阳性信号主要分布于细胞膜、细胞浆及细胞核内。结论:HCV可感染卵巢及输卵管组织,推测可能与HCV母婴传播有关。     

肿瘤患者肝炎病毒感染分析

目的以2070例肿瘤患者为研究对象,分析其乙型肝炎(HBV)及丙型肝炎(HCV)感染率,研究HBV及HCV感染与恶性肿瘤的关系。方法采用回顾性分析方法,按肿瘤类别、年龄和性别进行分组,对检测结果进行统计分析。结果肝癌的HBV、HCV及混合感染的感染率最高,分别为82.87%、6.71%和4.86%;45～55岁年龄段HBV及HCV单项感染率最高,为22.26%、3.71%;而55～65岁年龄段HBV及HCV混合感染率最高,为2.91%;肝癌及胃癌HBV和HCV单项感染率男性高于女性,而肺癌及结肠癌HBV及HCV单项感染率男性低于女性,肝癌及结肠癌的HBV及HCV混合感染率男性高于女性,肺癌及胃癌则男性低于女性。结论肝癌的HBV、HCV及混合感染的感染率最高;在HBV及HCV单项感染情况下,45～55岁年龄段感染率最高并且男性高于女性。     

企业职工高尿酸血症与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性研究

目的探讨企业职工高尿酸血症（HUA）与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性,为企业进行健康管理提供依据。方法以中国石油长庆油田公司各下属企业为抽样单位,整群随机抽取2个单位,每个单位中所有的HUA者作为HUA组,共720人;同时在尿酸水平正常者中随机选取620人为正常组。通过Logistic回归分析HUA与年龄、性别、血压、血脂、血糖的关系。结果HUA合并高血压、高血脂、空腹m糖受损任意一项、两项、三项的比例均远高于正常组（OR值分别为：4．036,2．562,4．174）。多因素Logistic回归发现：男性、收缩压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是HUA的危险因素（OR值分别为7．736,2．309,1．721,2．761,1．411）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为HUA的保护因素（OR值为0．211）。结论HUA存在性别差异,且与血压、血脂密切相关。企业对职工的健康管理应充分考虑多危险因素的综合作用,全面的进行健康教育及干预。     

癌缺氧病因及预防和治疗

目的 探讨癌及安阳林州市食管癌高发原因及癌病因预防和治疗措施.方法 对林州市食管癌等疾病现场进行调查,在进行10余年统计分析基础上,综合分析了全国156篇文献成果.结果 提出癌缺氧病因学说,使用制氧机、按摩器、饮用纯净水治疗恶性肿瘤,取得良好效果,改水能够大幅降低林州市居民食管癌发病率、死亡率.结论 癌可能是由于机体长...     

Continuity and change in neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent depression and anxiety

We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study which includes a sample of adolescents of age 15 at the most recent wave (between 2014 and 2017) from mainly low-income urban families in the United States, to examine the association between neighborhood poverty entries and exits and adolescent depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether these associations differed by gender. Adolescents who consistently lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods had the highest level of depression and anxiety. Those who entered poor neighborhoods were more depressed than those who never lived in poor neighborhoods. Those who exited poor neighborhoods showed no significant difference in depression and anxiety compared to those never lived in poor neighborhoods. Furthermore, these associations applied to adolescent girls only and were not statistically significant for boys. The results suggest that neighborhood poverty has cumulative negative impacts on adolescent mental health and disproportionally affects adolescent girls. Reducing neighborhood poverty would substantially improve the health of adolescents, especially girls, which would reduce health disparities.     

Enabling positive change: Progress and setbacks in HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights

At a point in history when the future of sexual and reproductive health including HIV looks particularly uncertain, it is helpful to recognise that many of the challenges currently faced are neither new nor insurmountable. Reflecting on past achievements and lessons learned helps us to have confidence that positive change is feasible. This paper reflects on some of the changes observed in countries like India and Mozambique and identifies a range of factors which need to coalesce to enable these developments, along with specific contextual factors. It is the combination of these influences rather than any one of them alone that brought about the change in the three instances described – fostering a positive political response to HIV in its early years in India; bringing about policy reform on abortion in Mozambique; and increasing contraceptive prevalence and age at marriage in some districts in Bihar, India. Change is always fragile and susceptible to setbacks, but change-seekers can learn in the process and gain renewed hope that progress can and often does take place if they persevere.     

Recruitment and retention challenges and successes

Objective: Addressing health disparities requires well designed, culturally adapted research. However, recruiting/retaining minority participants has often been challenging. We present strategies used to successfully recruit and retain rural Hispanic women during a breastfeeding education intervention.

Design: This study involved a two-group repeated measures quasi-experimental design with assessments at seven intervals between enrollment and 6 months postpartum. Participants (Hispanic women?≥?15 years old) were recruited through a regional hospital.

Results: We successfully met our recruitment goals, most women contacted were enrolled (46 of 58), and 100% completed the study.

Discussion: Research staff with ties within the community helped establish trust. Using bilingual study materials, simple language, and an interpreter addressed language/literacy concerns. Phone assessments facilitated participation as transportation was an issue. Accommodating requests to deliver or mail study materials and providing incentives were important. Extra effort was needed to maintain contact when phone service was disrupted or participants moved. Keys to success were persistence, flexibility, and alleviating barriers to participation.     

儿童青少年超重肥胖评价方法及SPSS和SAS实现

超重肥胖已成为世界各国儿童青少年面临的重大公共卫生问题之一。现行的儿童青少年超重肥胖筛查标准不统一,逐条评价或自行编写程序容易出错且效率较低。本研究以中国学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查标准为例,详细介绍了国际和中国共四种评价儿童青少年超重肥胖的方法和步骤,结合具体案例详细介绍其应用方法,同时编制SPSS和SAS程序包和解...     

放射诊疗相关的法规、标准和要求

本文主要介绍与放射治疗相关的各种法规、标准和要求，并进行初步的分类，方便广大放射诊疗工作人员查找阅读，更好地贯彻落实，确保放射诊疗设备的安全性和有效性，提高诊疗的质量。     

Car ownership and the association between fruit and vegetable availability and diet

Objective

Nearly all research on the food environment and diet has not accounted for car ownership — a potential key modifying factor. This study examined the modifying effect of car ownership on the relationship between neighborhood fruit and vegetable availability and intake.

Methods

Data on respondents' (n = 760) fruit and vegetable intake, car ownership, and demographics came from the 2008 New Orleans Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Shelf space data on fresh, frozen, and canned fruits and vegetables were collected in 2008 from a random sample of New Orleans stores (n = 114). Availability measures were constructed by summing the amount of fruit and vegetable shelf space in all stores within defined distances from respondent households. Regression analyses controlled for demographics and were run separately for respondents with and without a car.

Results

Fruit and vegetable availability was positively associated with intake among non-car owners. An additional 100 m of shelf space within 2 km of a residence was predictive of a half-serving/day increase in fruit and vegetable intake. Availability was not associated with intake among car owners.

Conclusions

Future research and interventions to increase neighborhood healthy food options should consider car ownership rates in their target areas as an important modifying factor.     

医用电子仪器中干扰与噪声的防止与抑制(上)

介绍了医用电子仪器中的干扰与噪声的产生、危害、抑制及其应用，其中有的干扰与噪声是首次提出的。