依那普利、硝苯吡啶对高原负荷运动后视网膜的干预作用

目的 :探索药物改善低氧环境负荷运动后视网膜的动态改变 ;方法 :选择移居海拔 3 70 0m 6个月的健康男性青年 1 0人 ,给予口服依那普利、硝苯吡啶 1 5天 ,于服药前、服药 1 5天、停药 1 0天时采用EGM型自行车功量仪进行负荷运动 (负荷指标W2 2 5、P1 75次 /分～ 1 80次 /分 ) ,于每次运动结束后 1 0分钟应用可调强光眼底镜检眼 ;结果 :服药前运动前视乳头充血 ,视网膜静脉怒张 ,动脉痉挛 ,视网膜渗出发生率为 1 0 0 % ,改变程度均为±(轻度 ) ,服药前运动后上述观察项目发生率为 1 0 0 % ,改变程度均转为 (中度 ) ,服药 1 5天运动后与停药 1 0天运动后视网膜改变发生率明显降低 ,改变程度均减轻为± ;结论 :依那普利、硝苯吡啶能明显减轻和降低高原低氧条件下负荷运动后缺氧性视网膜的改变程度和发生率     

单兵增氧呼吸器对高原移居青年体力负荷时心率的影响

目的:探讨单兵增氧呼吸器对高原移居青年心肺功能及体力作业效率的影响。方法:把进驻海拔3700m20天的24名青年随机分为两组,在佩戴与不佩戴高原单兵增氧呼吸器时分别用EGM-Ⅱ型踏车功量计做坐位踏车运动,初始负荷功率为50W,每3min递增50W,以60rpm连续踏车至200W,3min后终止。用直线回归法计算功率200W时的HR及SaO2,记录运动终止5min后恢复HR。结果:佩戴单兵增氧呼吸器组功率200W时SaO2增高;功率200W时的HR、运动终止5min后恢复HR降低,差别均有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:在高原佩戴单兵增氧呼吸器能明显提高高原移居青年的心肺功能及体力作业效率。     

单兵增氧呼吸器对高原移居青年心功能指数的影响

目的探讨单兵增氧呼吸器对高原移居青年体力作业效率的影响。方法对进驻海拔3700m20d的12名青年在佩戴与不佩戴高原单兵增氧呼吸器时分别用EGM-Ⅱ型踏车功量计做坐位踏车运动,初始负荷功率为50W,每3min递增50W,以60r/min连续踏车至200W3min后终止。按公式计算心功能指数。结果佩戴单兵增氧呼吸器时心功能指数为52.73±4.67;不佩戴时心功能指数为48.35±4.32,佩戴时较不佩戴时心功能指数明显增高,差异显著(P<0.05)。结论在高原佩戴单兵增氧呼吸器能明显提高高原移居青年的心功能及体力作业效率。     

高原富氧室改善移居者脑-体作业效率过程中视网膜的动态变化

人到高原，受低氧、低气压的影响，机体生理负荷加重，脑-体作业能力显著下降，海拔越高生理负荷愈重，缺氧程度就愈明显，随着海拔的升高，人脑-体功效能力就愈低。在这样的环境中，移居者视网膜可发生以动、静脉为主的缺氧性改变，本文旨在探讨高原富氧室的建立对提高和改善人脑-体功效能力过程中视网膜动态变化。作者选择驻海拔3700m西喀喇昆仑山三十里营房6个月的某部汉族男性青年20名，均为平原出生，健康，分3批进入富氧室，室内氧含量维持在(240～250)ml／L，进入富氧室前及运动后与富氧室内活动，睡眠12h运动后10min，     

高原低氧与视网膜改变

本文对居住喀喇昆仑山海拔３７００、４３００、５３８０ｍ１年的８４名青年眼底镜检查结果表明，随海拔高度升高视网膜发生病理性改变愈趋明显。海拔３７００ｍ和５２７０ｍ剧烈运动后祝网膜动脉痉挛，静脉怒张，网膜渗出、水肿，视乳头充血的发生率较运动前显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

高原条件下使用增氧呼吸器对血氧饱和度和心率的影响

目的 探讨高原低氧条件下增氧呼吸器对人体血氧饱和度和心率的影响。方法 9名被试者初到高原（海拔3700m）2h后，进行4次试验，首先检测静息状态下不使用仪器的血氧饱和度（blood oxygen saturation，SaO2）和心率。然后使用仪器，重复检测。其次进行负荷运动，检测数据。恢复1h后。使用呼吸器进行负荷运动，重复检测。结果 静息状态下，与不使用增氧呼吸器试验结果相比较，使用增氧呼吸器后机体SaO2明显增加（P〈0．05），心率明显降低（P〈0．05）。运动负荷中，与不使用增氧呼吸器试验结果相比较，使用增氧呼吸器后SaO2值明显增加（P〈0．05），心率的变化则不显著（P〉0．05）。运动负荷实验结束后，恢复期3min及5min心率恢复速度使用仪器后明显加快（P〈0．05）。结论 增氧呼吸器能改善低氧务件下人体的劳动能力，促进高原习服。     

单兵增氧呼吸器对高原人体运动自由基代谢的影响

运动源性自由基产生过多是造成运动性疲劳和损伤的重要因素。高原是一个特殊环境,对人类生命安全威胁最大的是低氧。本研究应用第四军医大学医学生物工程系研制的“单兵高原增氧呼吸器”在负荷运动下对自由基代谢和血乳酸(BLA)进行了观察,探讨单兵高原增氧呼吸器对高原运动机体抗疲劳作用。作者选取自平原进驻海拔3 700m、20d的某部20名健康青年,年龄(17~23)岁,平原出生,上高原前经体检确认健康。每位受试者在佩戴增氧呼吸器和不佩戴增氧呼吸器的条件下,采用功率自行车进行递增负荷运动,在运动后测定血中超氧化物歧酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)…     

单兵高原增氧呼吸器在高原地区增氧效果的评价

目的:探讨单兵高原增氧呼吸器在高原现场的增氧效果。方法:5名从海拔3 700 m到5 380 m往返途中和10名在海拔5 380 m高原的受试者,佩戴单兵高原增氧呼吸器进行踏阶负荷运动试验,分别检测血氧饱和度(SaO2)、心率(HR)及台阶指数。结果:在往返海拔5 380m途中,5名在7处的不同海拔高度佩戴与不佩戴单兵高原增氧呼吸器时,SaO2分别为(82.17±8.93)%和(77.17±11.41)%,有显著性差异(P<0.05);HR分别为(86.74±17.33)次/min、(90.25±20.46)次/min,无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在海拔5 380m高原,佩戴与不佩戴单兵高原增氧呼吸器时,踏阶运动台阶指数分别为(53.83±6.10)和(49.28±3.01),有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:单兵高原增氧呼吸器能有效地促进高原习服过程,提高和改善低氧条件下人体的劳动能力。     

慢性高原病与视网膜改变

目的探讨慢性高原病(CMS)患者视网膜改变的特征,为高原眼病临床诊断提供参考依据。方法对移居海拔4300m、5100m、5380m10个月以上的407名男性青年采用CMS国际诊断标准[1]进行流行病学调查,将确诊为CMS的179人采用YZ-6B型强光源检眼镜分别进行视网膜检测,并行图表式记录。结果CMS患者眼底视网膜乳头充血、动脉痉挛、静脉怒张、视网膜渗出程度均为,发生率100%。结论CMS患者眼底呈暗红色,主要以动静脉比例增大为主,血管柱紫青或紫黑色,尤其是静脉增宽,似腊肠状,出现血管增多,并见乳头显著充血,网膜渗出。与急性缺氧期视网膜改变极其相似。     

单兵增氧呼吸器对高原人体运动自由基代谢的影响

目的观察佩戴单兵高原增氧呼吸器对高原人体运动自由基代谢和血乳酸(BLA)的影响。方法对进驻海拔3 700 m高原20 d的20名健康青年在佩戴增氧呼吸器和不佩戴增氧呼吸器的条件下,采用功率自行车进行递增负荷运动,在运动后测定血中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和BLA含量。结果实验组较对照组MDA,BLA降低,SOD增高,有显著性意义(P<0.05或<0.01)。结论单兵高原增氧呼吸器对高原运动造成的自由基损伤有明显抑制作用,可加速运动后体内代谢产物自由基的清除及疲劳恢复。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.