Basal thumb metacarpal osteotomy for first carpometacarpal osteoarthritis

Surgical Principles Osteoarthritis of the first carpometacarpal (CMC) joint is very common. The thumb often develops an adduction deformity with hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal joint. The basal joint subluxes. Excision of a basal wedge corrects the lack of extension. Other poorly understood benefits of osteotomy including decompression of the medullary circulation, and postoperative increase in the periarticular blood supply may help symptom relief. This procedure has less complications and easier rehabilitation than alternatives including trapeziumectomy with or without tendon interposition, silastic or joint replacement, or arthrodesis. This procedure was first described by Wilson [2] in 1973.     

第1掌骨背桡侧动脉蒂岛状皮瓣的临床应用

目的探讨第1掌骨背桡侧动脉岛状皮瓣在拇指远端软组织缺损修复中的临床应用。方法应用第1掌骨背桡侧动脉岛状皮瓣修复拇指远端软组织缺损20例。结果本组20例皮瓣全部成活．术后随访3-12个月,拇指外形满意,质地柔软,皮神经修复者两点辨别觉8～12mm。结论第1掌骨背桡侧动脉岛状皮瓣具有操作简便、质地良好、血供可靠、损伤小等优点,是修复拇指远端软组织缺损的较好方法。     

Correction of thumb deformities after burn: versatility of first dorsal metacarpal artery flap

In the management of a debilitated burned hand due to contractures, thumb reconstruction constitutes the most crucial part for a beneficial functional outcome. Among the limited local flap alternatives for the thumb, the first dorsal metacarpal artery flap, harvested from the dorsal aspect of the index finger can provide elastic, durable and sensate coverage for soft tissue defects after contracture release. In a 3-year period, neurovascular island first dorsal metacarpal artery flap was used in 14 patients suffering thumb deformities. The time elapsed after the underlying injury until reconstruction ranged from 5 months to 17 years. Follow-up revealed that all deformities were successfully treated with satisfactory functional recovery and cosmetic results. Donor site morbidity was minimal with an acceptable scar on the dorsum of the index finger and adequate tendon gliding without producing extension deficit. Our experience with management of deformities involving the thumb and/or adjacent thenar area revealed that the first dorsal metacarpal artery flap is a reliable local neurovascular island flap option, offering acceptable functional and cosmetic outcomes in respect to sensation, elasticity, durability and skin-match.     

Fracture of first metacarpal head: A rare case presentation and review of literature

Fractures around the head and neck region of first metacarpal are unusual and have not been reported in literature. We report a case of fracture of head of first metacarpal with intact articular surface, treated with open reduction and internal fixation, with a follow up period of six months.Surgical procedure, intraoperative difficulties in obtaining reduction and steps to overcome them have been described. Satisfactory functional outcomes can be achieved using stable internal fixation with minimal hardware and early mobilization in first metacarpal head fractures.     

第1掌背动脉皮瓣一期修复儿童拇指软组织缺损

目的探讨第1掌背动脉皮瓣一期顺行修复儿童拇指软组织缺损的临床效果。方法选取自2009-06—2012—06收治的拇指皮肤组织缺损息儿11例,行急诊清创、残端修整及伴肌腱断裂的修补,骨折患者给予克氏针内固定,11例均予一期第1掌背动脉皮瓣修复拇指组织缺损。结果术后组织瓣全部成活,供区、受区伤口均一期愈合,质地与色泽较好。随访时间为3。24个月,平均10个月,无继发性感染发生,感觉恢复S3一S4,肢体外形与功能满意。结论儿童拇指软组织缺损应用第1掌背动脉皮瓣移植修复、重建软组织,可以避免儿童患拇指功能障碍。采用该皮瓣技术血供可靠、操作简单,是一期修复儿童拇指皮肤缺损理想的治疗方法。     

第一掌背动脉皮瓣修复拇、食指皮肤软组织缺损

目的报道第一掌背动脉皮瓣修复拇、食指皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果。方法2005年8月-2012年10月,采用第一掌背动脉皮瓣修复拇、食指皮肤软组织缺损35例,术后随访3-24个月。结果本组35例皮瓣成活良好,外观满意,两点辨别觉达6-10mm,无虎口挛缩,拇食指的对捏、对掌功能恢复良好。结论第一掌背动脉皮瓣修复拇、食指皮肤软组织缺损操作简单,供血血管变异率低,无需再次手术断蒂,也可制成带血运的掌骨、伸肌腱复合组织瓣,且能携带掌背皮神经重建感觉,值得临床推广。     

拇指桡侧血管筋膜蒂第I掌骨背侧皮瓣的临床应用

目的　探讨以拇指桡侧血管筋膜为蒂的第I掌骨背侧皮瓣修复手指软组织缺损的临床效果。方法　设计以拇指桡掌侧动脉掌指关节周围分支为主要血供来源 ,经拇指背静脉通过头静脉及拇指深静脉为主要回流途径的血管筋膜蒂皮瓣 ,逆行移位或带蒂移位修复拇、示、中、环指软组织缺损创面 14例。结果　 1例皮瓣部分远端坏死 ,2例早期皮瓣呈红紫色并水泡 ,其余成活良好。术后随访 3个月至 1年 ,皮瓣质地良好 ,不臃肿 ,有感觉。结论　该皮瓣血供可靠、切取方便、供区损伤较小 ,适用于拇指及示、中、环指中末节较大创面的修复。     

拇对掌功能重建的新方法

目的 介绍一种简单、有效的拇对掌功能重建新方法。方法 对8例拇对掌功能丧失的患者，采用尺侧腕伸肌为动力肌，拇长伸肌腱改道后(沿拇短展肌方向作一皮下隧道，将拇长伸肌腱沿皮下隧道引至腕上1cm处掌尺侧直切口内)，牵拉改道后之拇长伸肌腱，使拇指呈对掌旋前伸拇位时，将拇长伸肌腱与尺侧腕伸肌腱作编结缝合重建拇对掌功能。结果 术后随访4～11个月，平均8．5个月，8例的拇对掌功能均恢复，达100％的有效率。除1例伸拇功能有轻微影响外，余7例均无明显障碍。结论 该术式是一种简单、有效而可靠的重建拇对掌功能的新方法。     

鹅型外固定器治疗第一掌骨骨折

目的介绍一种治疗第一掌骨基底骨折的鹅型外固定器。方法固定器由手部部分和肘部托板部分组成。通过牵引鹅嘴迫使第一掌骨头背伸,鹅颈的压迫使第一掌骨向骨折块造拢,达到第一掌骨基底骨折的复位和腕掌关节脱位的复位;肘部托板作为牵引的支点。固定４－６周后去除鹅型外固定器行功能锻炼,结果２１例均复位良好,随访３个月以上的１６例,关节活动恢复正常。结论该外固定器的设计符合生物力学原理,使用方便,临床应用效果满意。     

The reverse dorsal metacarpal flap from the first web

Summary Experience with the distally pedicled first dorsal metacarpal flap is presented. The anatomical basis of the flap is discussed, and four examples are presented from a group of ten cases. In this series, all flaps were successful. The possibility of using a second web reverse dorsal metacarpal flap and venous reverse flap of the dorsal part of the hand is also discussed.     

掌、背侧韧带同时重建治疗第一腕掌关节脱位

目的 通过对第一腕掌关节掌背侧韧带的同时重建，为治疗第一腕掌关节脱位提供一种新的术式。方法 利用桡侧腕屈肌腱和桡侧腕长伸肌腱桡侧部分腱束移位，与拇长展肌腱交叉后编织缝合，起到同时重建掌、背侧韧带，并将第一掌骨悬吊的作用，使脱位的第一腕掌关节复位并稳定。结果 临床应用3例，效果满意。结论 桡侧屈腕肌腱和桡侧腕长伸肌腱部分移位与拇长展肌腱交叉缝合法符合第一腕掌关节韧带重建的解剖要求，操作简单，疗效满意，是治疗第一腕掌关节脱位的一种可靠方法。     

Current concepts of the anatomy of the thumb trapeziometacarpal joint

This review article describes the anatomy of the thumb trapeziometacarpal joint. In the final phase of opposition screw home torque rotation of the volar beak of the thumb metacarpal in the pivot area of the trapezium recess and tension on the dorsal ligament complex create stability for power pinch and power grip. The resulting compressive shear forces can lead over time to trapeziometacarpal joint osteoarthritis.     

Ring finger metacarpal fracture iatrogenic rotation using an ulnar gutter splint: A cadaveric study

Study DesignCohort cadaveric study.IntroductionRing finger metacarpal fractures are often treated with ulnar gutter orthoses incorporating the ring and small fingers. Iatrogenic pronation of the distal metacarpal fragment may occur from overzealous orthotic “molding”, resulting in a crossover deformity of the ring finger over the small finger.Purpose of the StudyThe goal of this cadaveric study is to determine whether including the middle finger in an ulnar gutter orthotic could lessen the chances of iatrogenic ring finger metacarpal fracture rotation.MethodsTransverse ring finger metacarpal shaft fractures were created in 24 cadaver hands. The ring and small fingers were then placed into an intrinsic plus position, simulating the application of an ulnar gutter orthotic. Weights of 2.5, 5, and 10 pounds were applied to the ring and small fingers to simulate iatrogenic-induced fracture pronation. The amount of rotational displacement at the fracture was measured, and the protocol was repeated, including the middle finger in the intrinsic plus position. Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test was used for statistical analysis.ResultsThere was an increase in distal fragment rotation with increasing weight. Fracture displacement was greater with the 2-finger position than the 3-finger at all weight levels; this reached statistical significance at 10 lbs (2.8 vs 1.8 mm).ConclusionsApplication of an ulnar gutter orthotic including only ring and small fingers can rotate the distal fragment of a ring finger metacarpal shaft fracture such that overlap could occur with the small finger. Including the middle finger in ulnar gutter splints will mitigate against the rotation of the ring finger metacarpal shaft fracture.     

Tendon transfers for thumb opposition: a biomechanical study of pulley location and two insertion sites

PURPOSE:The purpose of this biomechanical study was to test 5 proximal tendon pulley sites or routes of tendon transfer and 2 distal tendon insertion sites that are used commonly for performing a thumb opposition transfer. METHODS: Five fresh-frozen cadaver arms were used to test (1) an around flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) pulley, (2) an FCU loop pulley, (3) a Guyon's canal pulley, (4) a junction of the distal edge of the transverse carpal ligament and the ulnar border of the palmar aponeurosis (Royle-Thompson pulley), and (5) a palmar thenar subcutaneous transfer (Camitz). Two tendon insertion sites were tested: a palmar radial insertion into the abductor pollicis brevis and a dorsal ulnar insertion into the thumb proximal phalanx. RESULTS: The Guyon's canal and Royle-Thompson pulleys produced the greatest amount of approximation of the thumb pulp to the fifth metacarpal head. The around the FCU pulley, FCU loop pulley, and Camitz transfer produced the greatest palmar abduction. The Guyon's canal and Royle-Thompson pulleys were the most mechanically efficient pulleys, producing the least amount of transmitted force. The palmar radial insertion site produced better thumb opposition, metacarpophalangeal joint abduction, metacarpophalangeal joint flexion, and approximation of the thumb pulp to the fifth metacarpal head. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the choice of the proximal pulley used may depend on the needs of the transfer, and a palmar radial thumb insertion is more effective than the dorsal ulnar insertion.     

First dorsal metacarpal artery islanded flap: A useful flap for reconstruction of thumb pulp defects

Thumb pulp defects are commonly due to avulsion injuries. It is very important to reconstruct these defects using sensate flaps as the thumb pulp needs to be sensate for implementing the various functions of the thumb. A very good option for coverage of these defects is the islanded first dorsal metacarpal artery flap. Our study was done over a period of 2 years and involved 9 consecutive cases of thumb pulp defects treated at our institution. The patients included 8 males and 1 female, ranging in age from 16 to 51 years old. The flap size ranged from 2 × 1.5 cm to 5 × 3 cm. We had only one complication in the form of partial flap necrosis, which fortunately healed following debridement without the need for a secondary procedure. All our cases were done under local anesthesia with tourniquet control. All the patients had good fine touch and average two-point discrimination of 6 mm, which was satisfactory. Our good results further reinforce the islanded first dorsal metacarpal artery flap as one the best flaps for sensate reconstruction of thumb pulp defects. It replaces the soft tissue loss at the thumb pulp with minimal donor site morbidity and with good return of thumb pulp sensation.     

第一掌骨基底骨折的治疗方法与疗效分析

目的分析用不同方法治疗不同类型的第一掌骨基底骨折的临床疗效。方法1984年10月～2003年10月采用手法复位外展弓形夹板固定、手法复位悬吊牵引、手法复位外展支架固定、手法复位经皮克氏针内固定及切开复位克氏针或螺丝钉内固定,五种方法治疗第一掌骨基底骨折患者142例。结果随访80例患者,治疗效果优65例,良好13例,差2例。结论针对不同类型的第一掌骨基底骨折选用合适的治疗方法,可取得较为满意的临床疗效。     

The axes of rotation of the thumb carpometacarpal joint.

Two axes of rotation of the carpometacarpal (CMC) joint of seven cadaver thumbs were located using an axis finder. The flexion-extension axis is located in the trapezium and the abduction-adduction axis is in the first metacarpal. These axes are fixed, are not perpendicular to each other or to the bones, and do not intersect. Motion of the first metacarpal on the trapezium can be defined by these two axes. Understanding of the movements of the basal joint of the thumb is essential to the study of its function and reconstruction.