兔烧伤合并海水浸泡血流动力学变化

目的 建立兔烧伤合并海水浸泡的实验模型，观察实验动物血液动力学变化。方法 实验动物烧伤后随机分为单纯烧伤组（B组,n=6）和烧伤合并海水浸泡组（B＋I组，n=12)。烧伤合并海水浸泡组烧伤后置于人工配制的海水中，监测血液动力学指标变化，直至动物死亡。单纯烧伤组置于干燥处同时监测相同指标。结果 烧伤合并海水浸泡组血液动力学指标紊乱明显重于单纯烧伤组，死亡率明显高于单纯烧伤组，平均存活时间为6.9h。有严重的体温过低。结论 烧伤合并海水浸泡可引起机体的严重的病理生理变化，血液动力学变化明显重于单纯烧伤组，表明海水浸泡使烧伤休克加重，导致实验动物存活时间显著缩短。     

低温海水浸泡失血性休克大鼠血液动力学变化

目的　研究低温海水浸泡对失血性休克动物血液动力学的变化。方法　 41只雄性大鼠分为六组 :陆地轻度失血性休克组 ;陆地中度失血性休克组 ;陆地重度失血性休克组 ;海水浸泡轻度失血性休克组 ;海水浸泡中度失血性休克组 ;海水浸泡重度失血性休克组。运用四道生理记录仪观察伤前、伤后即刻、10、30、6 0、90分钟动物血液动力学的变化。结果　海水浸泡失血性休克动物心率显著减慢 ,LVSP、±dp/dtmax均比对照组非常显著下降 ,海水浸泡早期血压升高 ,但很快下降 ,且低于对照组。结论　低温海水浸泡使失血性休克动物血液动力学状态明显恶化 ,死亡率大大增加     

海水浸泡伤早期救治原则

海水浸泡伤包括单纯的海水浸泡导致的体温过低和战伤合并海水浸泡,与陆战伤相比,海水浸泡伤的伤情更复杂,死亡率更高。本文对单纯海水浸泡导致的体温过低及烧伤、颅脑外伤、胸外伤、腹部外伤、骨折合并海水浸泡的伤情特点及早期治疗原则进行了综述。     

海水浸泡对失血性休克并腹部开放伤实验大鼠肿瘤坏死因子α及肠道热休克蛋白HSP-70的影响

目的探讨海水浸泡失血性休克并腹部开放伤对实验大鼠血浆肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα-)和肠道热休克蛋白HSP-70水平变化的影响。方法建立失血并腹腔海水浸泡伤动物模型。实验大鼠随机分为对照组(n=6)、失血创伤组(n=14)、失血创伤海水浸泡组(n=14),失血创伤组为单纯失血性休克并腹部开放伤,失血创伤海水浸泡组将动物致伤后置入人工配置的海水中,于伤前和浸泡后30m in及1,1.5,3 h取血测定TNFα的变化,取肠道组织测定HSP-70的表达。结果失血创伤海水浸泡组血中TNFα较失血创伤组伤后明显升高并且高峰出现时间明显提前,肠道损伤病理变化明显重于失血创伤组,肠道组织中HSP-70含量在创伤早期显著升高,后又明显降低。结论TNFα-的过度表达在失血性休克并腹部开放伤后海水浸泡的病理生理变化中起重要作用,肠道组织细胞中HSP-70的异常表达在肠道组织细胞的应激反应机制中,可能有重要的意义。     

腹部开放伤合并海水浸泡致急性肾损伤大鼠模型的建立

目的 建立腹部开放伤合并海水浸泡致急性肾损伤的动物模型,为海战伤的研究提供技术平台.方法 把72只实验用健康、清洁级雄性Wistar大鼠,随机分为A组:正常组;B组:单纯腹部开放伤组;C组:腹部开放伤后海水浸泡组.3组分别于术后1、2、3 h时间点,监测生命体征、体温、血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、电解质包括血清Na_+、Kv、Cl_-、二氧化碳结合力(CO_2CP),并观察肾脏病理变化.结果 与正常组、单纯腹部开放伤组相比,腹部开放伤后海水浸泡组大鼠在浸泡3 h后均发生了急性肾损伤,表现为高钠、高氯、高钾、代谢性酸中毒,且Scr和BUN明显升高(P<0.05),肾脏出现急性病理变化.结论 腹部开放伤合并海水浸泡3 h后可导致急性肾损伤,该模型具备战伤合并海水浸泡的伤情特点,且经济、易重复,为进一步研究腹部开放伤后海水浸泡致急性肾损伤的救治提供了前提条件.     

腹部开放伤合并海水浸泡致急性肾损伤大鼠模型的建立

目的 建立腹部开放伤合并海水浸泡致急性肾损伤的动物模型,为海战伤的研究提供技术平台.方法 把72只实验用健康、清洁级雄性Wistar大鼠,随机分为A组:正常组;B组:单纯腹部开放伤组;C组:腹部开放伤后海水浸泡组.3组分别于术后1、2、3 h时间点,监测生命体征、体温、血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、电解质包括血清Na_+、Kv、Cl_-、二氧化碳结合力(CO_2CP),并观察肾脏病理变化.结果 与正常组、单纯腹部开放伤组相比,腹部开放伤后海水浸泡组大鼠在浸泡3 h后均发生了急性肾损伤,表现为高钠、高氯、高钾、代谢性酸中毒,且Scr和BUN明显升高(P<0.05),肾脏出现急性病理变化.结论 腹部开放伤合并海水浸泡3 h后可导致急性肾损伤,该模型具备战伤合并海水浸泡的伤情特点,且经济、易重复,为进一步研究腹部开放伤后海水浸泡致急性肾损伤的救治提供了前提条件.     

腹部开放伤合并海水浸泡致急性肾损伤大鼠模型的建立

目的 建立腹部开放伤合并海水浸泡致急性肾损伤的动物模型,为海战伤的研究提供技术平台.方法 把72只实验用健康、清洁级雄性Wistar大鼠,随机分为A组:正常组;B组:单纯腹部开放伤组;C组:腹部开放伤后海水浸泡组.3组分别于术后1、2、3 h时间点,监测生命体征、体温、血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、电解质包括血清Na_+、Kv、Cl_-、二氧化碳结合力(CO_2CP),并观察肾脏病理变化.结果 与正常组、单纯腹部开放伤组相比,腹部开放伤后海水浸泡组大鼠在浸泡3 h后均发生了急性肾损伤,表现为高钠、高氯、高钾、代谢性酸中毒,且Scr和BUN明显升高(P<0.05),肾脏出现急性病理变化.结论 腹部开放伤合并海水浸泡3 h后可导致急性肾损伤,该模型具备战伤合并海水浸泡的伤情特点,且经济、易重复,为进一步研究腹部开放伤后海水浸泡致急性肾损伤的救治提供了前提条件.     

犬胸部开放伤后海水浸泡血流动力学变化

目的 建立犬开放性气胸海水浸泡的实验模型,观察实验动物血流动力变化。方法 实验动物致伤后随机分为对照组（n=10）和海水浸泡组（n=10）。海水浸泡组动物于伤后置入人工配制的海水中,于伤前及入水后0.5小时、1小时、2小时、3小时和4小时监测血流动力学变化。结果 海水浸泡组的血流动力学紊乱明显重于对照组,死亡率明显高于对照组,平均生存时间为45分钟。结论 胸部开放伤后海水浸泡可引起一系列严重的病理生理变化,其血流动力学变化与单纯胸外伤明显不同,提示海水浸泡对机体的损伤程度更为严重,结果导致实验动物早期高死亡率。     

钾离子在兔腹部开放伤合并海水浸泡时对心率、心律和血压的影响

目的 观察钾离子在腹部开放伤合并海水浸泡时对兔心率、心律、血压、血钾及生存期的影响.方法 将动物随机分为腹部开放伤+海水持续灌流组(N组,10只)和腹部开放伤+低钾海水持续灌流组(L组,10只),应用腹部开放伤合并海水灌流的动物模型,观察含不同浓度钾海水对动物心率、心律、血压、血钾及生存期的影响.结果 ①低钾海水灌注组生存时间明显长于普通海水组(P<0.05);②海水持续灌流组血钾浓度明显升高(P<0.05);③海水持续灌流组血压明显降低,心率略有减慢,没有发现有意义的心律失常.结论 钾离子在腹部开放性损伤合并海水灌流中对动物的心率、血压和生存期有明显影响,可能与其心肌抑制作用有关;未出现严重心律失常,发生机制不明.     

不同救治环境下海战伤救治的效果观察

目的 探讨海战伤海上救治的有效方法.方法 成年健康杂种犬60只,制作成颅脑火器伤、胸部开放伤、腹部开放伤、四肢伤和烧伤模型后,随机分为海战伤Ⅰ组、海战伤Ⅱ组和陆战伤组,每组20只.海战伤Ⅰ组实验室设在码头救护所,海战伤Ⅱ组设在舰船或医院船上,陆战伤组设在陆地救护所.2组海战伤动物海水浸泡30 min,陆战伤组不作海水浸泡.陆战伤组采用常规治疗;2组海战伤采用综合治疗:除常规治疗外加低张液体(5%葡萄糖液500 ml)、东莨菪碱20 mg/8 h、地塞米松40 mg/8 h和维生素B6 3～5 g/8 h.实验巾监测24 h体温、血浆渗透压、血气分析和血电解质变化;观察3 d各组伤口感染率与死亡率,且进行比较.结果 2组海战伤伤情明显重于陆战伤组,表现为低温、血浆渗透压升高、高钠、高氯血症、代谢性酸中毒.治疗12 h后,2组海战伤各项指标均达到正常水平.陆战伤组伤后3 d伤口感染率为15%,海战伤Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别为40%和50%;陆战伤组死亡率30%.海战伤Ⅰ组为40%,海战伤Ⅱ组为50%;海战伤Ⅱ组与Ⅰ组和陆战伤组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 海战伤海水浸泡后对机体的血浆渗透压、电解质平衡和体温有严重影响;海上环境对海上救治的疗效有明显影响,可能是实验犬致死率高的重要原因.早期低张液体对降低血浆透渗压、纠正电解质平衡、提高生存率有重要意义.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.