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??Objective    To evaluate the bonding performance of six self-etching adhesives on dentin by using micro-tensile bond strength test and scanning electronic microscopy ??SEM?? observation.  Methods    Thirty-six human third molars were used in this study. Six self-etching adhesives were employed?? Clearfil Mega Bond ??MB???? Clearfil Protect Bond??PB????BeautiBond??BB????BondForce??BF????EasyBond??EB??and G-Bond plus??GBp??. After exposing the dentin surface by gypsum model trimmer?? 600-grit Sic paper was used to remove the smear layer under water cooling. Each adhesive was strictly applied under the instruction and followed by build-up with resin composite to 6mm. After storage in 37°C distilled water for 24 hours?? the dentin-resin bonded teeth were sectioned into approximately 1.0mm2 specimen for the Micro-Tensile Bond Strength ??μTBS?? test. The fractured surfaces on dentin side and failure modes were observed and determined by SEM respectively. Results    The bond strength of MB was statistically higher than the other adhesives ??P < 0.05??. Bubbles could be observed in the adhesive layer of BB??BF and GBp. Failure modes analysis indicated that over 50% failure modes was dentin or resin failure in MB group.  Conclusion    In this study?? MB shows significantly higher bond strength in comparison with the other self-etching adhesives.     

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目的比较镍铬、钴铬、纯钛、钯基、金铂等5种常用烤瓷合金的细胞毒性。方法本研究于2011年7—10月在福建医科大学附属口腔医院中心实验室进行。按照ISO10993标准,采用CCK-8法测定第1、3、5、7天时烤瓷合金浸提液培养的小鼠肺成纤维细胞(L929细胞)的OD值,同时观察L929细胞形态,并且计算细胞相对增殖率(RGR),评价5种烤瓷合金对L929的细胞毒性。结果第7天时,除金铂合金外,其他4组烤瓷合金的OD值与阴性对照组的差别均有统计学意义(P<0.05);L929细胞的RGR由高到低分别为金铂合金(98.4%)、钯基合金(95.2%)、纯钛合金(83.0%)、镍铬合金(74.0%)、钴铬合金(72.6%)。细胞形态学观察发现:金铂合金组、钯基合金组以及纯钛合金组的细胞形态与阴性对照组相比无明显差别;而钴铬合金组和镍铬合金组的细胞排列稀疏,少量细胞皱缩变圆。结论金铂合金、钯基合金以及纯钛合金的细胞毒性为1级,具有较好的生物相容性;钴铬合金、镍铬合金的细胞毒性为2级,结合细胞形态观察认为生物相容性仍然合格。     

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??Objective    To determine the clinical advance of regenerative endodontics by evidence-based medicine through retrieving the related literature. Methods    The key words of“regenerative endodontics”??“revascularization and pulpal regeneration”??“apexification”??“apical barrier approaches”??“antibiotics combination”??“calcium hydroxide”??“blood clot”??“PRP”??“PRF”??“MTA”and“GIC”were used. PubMed??Embase??Cochrane Library??SinoMed and CNKI data library were searched for relative trials from 1 January 2004 to now. Inclusion criteria: the related researches on “comparison of curative effect of regenerative endodontics and apexification or apical barrier approaches”??“the choice of intracanal medications in regenerative endodontics”??“the choice of scaffold materials in regenerative endodontics”??“the choice of canal-sealing materials in regenerative endodontics”. The evidences were evaluated by modified SIGN’s classification system of evidence level and recommendation grade. Results    Totally 245 literatures were found; 9 controlled clinical trials??2 evidence-based reviews?? 8 retrospective studies and 2 lab researches met our inclusion criteria. Conclusion    Regenerative endodontics and apexification or apical barrier approaches have the same efficacy in the treatment of clinical symptoms while regenerative endodontics has obvious advantages in promoting the regeneration of the root??antibiotics combination and calcium hydroxide can effectively promote disinfection of root canal and root development??and antibiotics combination is better??but it has high cell toxicity and low clearance rate??PRP or PRF and blood clots can improve clinical symptoms and promote root development??the effect of PRP is better than that of blood clots??and PRF has the best curative effect??the long-term effect of MTA is better than that of GIC in choosing the root sealing materials in regenerative endodontics.     

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目的    评价不同人工牙制作全口义齿修复无牙颌患者的临床疗效。方法    选取2008—2010年中国医科大学附属口腔医院修复科诊治的无牙颌患者50例,按无牙颌分类法以及人工牙种类,将患者分为以下6组。A1组（9例）,为第1类无牙颌患者,使用解剖牙合型树脂牙;A2组（6例）,为第1类无牙颌患者,使用长正中合成树脂牙;B1组（17例）,为第2类无牙颌患者,应用解剖牙合型树脂牙制作义齿;B2组（6例）,为第2类无牙颌患者,使用长正中合成树脂牙;C1组（5例）,为第3类无牙颌患者,使用解剖牙合型树脂牙;C2组（7例）,为第3类无牙颌患者,使用长正中合成树脂牙。常规全口义齿修复治疗3个月后,采用问卷调查的方法评价患者使用全口义齿的满意度。结果    治疗3个月后,C2组无牙颌患者固位、咀嚼、语音3方面的满意度好于C1组,且差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。C1组磨改解剖牙合型人工牙牙合面后,仅咀嚼方面满意度与C2组差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论    对于牙槽嵴吸收较严重的无牙颌患者,长正中牙合型全口义齿是一种有效的修复方法。     

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目的通过观察血清超敏C反应蛋白(high-sensitivity C-reactive protein,hsCRP)水平的变化探讨牙周基础治疗对伴或不伴高脂血症的慢性牙周炎(chronic periodontitis,CP)大鼠动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis,As)发生的影响。方法本研究于2011年5—9月在山西医科大学口腔医学院完成。将24只6周龄雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组,即正常对照组(A组)、高脂血症组(B组)、CP组(C组)和高脂血症+CP组(D组),每组6只。各组接受相应的建模及牙周干预处理,同时定期进行牙周临床检查,酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测牙周干预前及每次干预后1周(共2次)3个取样时间点的血清hsCRP水平。结果牙周临床检查结果显示,整个实验过程中A、B组大鼠实验牙牙龈未见炎症性改变;C、D组大鼠建模后实验牙牙龈炎症明显,有深牙周袋,部分实验牙松动度达Ⅱ~Ⅲ度,基础治疗后炎症明显减轻,牙齿均无松动。同一时间点上,B、C及D组大鼠血清hsCRP水平均显著高于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。在不同时间点上,B、C及D组大鼠治疗后血清hsCRP水平均较治疗前显著增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。其中,C组大鼠2次治疗后血清hsCRP水平趋于稳定,D组大鼠在2次治疗后1周血清hsCRP水平显著增高。结论对于慢性牙周炎大鼠,无高脂血症情况存在时,牙周基础治疗可能会在短期内增高As的发生风险;在存在高脂血症状态下,直接牙周基础治疗可能会在较长时间内增高As的发生风险。     

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目的研究孕妇牙周炎与早产儿、小于胎龄儿之间的相关性。方法将2009年1-4月来湖北省妇幼保健院口腔科进行孕期常规口腔检查的3251名妊娠中期孕妇的资料输入数据库,牙周检查项目包括软垢指数、龈沟出血指数、牙周袋探诊深度及临床附着丧失水平等,随访妊娠结局（新生儿体重、分娩时孕周）。运用χ2检验及logistic回归分析数据。结果3251名孕妇中最终符合调查要求2702名,妊娠中期诊断为牙周炎301例,其中重度牙周炎61例;早产儿、小于胎龄儿的发生率,在重度牙周炎孕妇分别为11。5％和9．8％,在牙周健康孕妇分别为6．0％和6．6％,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．001）;重度牙周炎孕妇终止妊娠的孕周平均为35．2周、新生儿体重平均2478g,而牙周健康孕妇平均为39.3周和3512g,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．001）;重度牙周炎孕妇发生早产儿和小于胎龄儿的OR值分别为2．45和3.47。结论孕妇重度牙周炎是引起早产儿、小于胎龄儿等不良妊娠的主要危险因素之一。     

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目的    探讨烤瓷全冠邻面肩台位置设计对基牙邻面继发龋患发生率的影响。方法    对2005年1月至2008年12月在贵港市妇幼保健院口腔科完成烤瓷全冠修复后3年的219例患者临床资料进行整理分析,根据肩台位置分为龈上肩台组、平齐龈缘组、龈下肩台组,每组73例。通过X线对3组患者进行检查,观察修复体邻面单面患龋（只有近中或远中1面继发龋患）例数、双面患龋（近远中面均继发龋患）例数。结果    龈下肩台组、龈上肩台组、平齐龈缘组继发龋患发生率分别为24.66%（18／73）、6.85%（5／73）、5.48%（4／73）,龈下肩台组继发龋患发生率与龈上肩台组、平齐龈缘组比较,差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论    平齐龈缘肩台设计能最大程度地减轻基牙继发龋患发生。     

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??Objective    Evaluate the shear bond strength of different hot and cold cycles on the different brands of composite resin. Methods    Select 60 molars extracted due to periodontal diseases from April 2009 to March 2010 from Department of Periodontics??Stomatological Hospital??Fujian Medical University. According to the principle of the simple random selection??the 60 permanent molars were divided into two groups??Solitaire2 group??30 teeth??by Solitaire2 composite resin bonding??and Filtek P60 group??30 teeth??by Filtek P60 composite resin. Each tooth using buccal??lingual??mesial??distal four side in the corresponding tooth crown??produce diameter of 2 mm??3 mm high cylinder at 1??3 of the formation of crown??each of 40 surface samples??a total of 240 specimens. Each group was divided into 3 groups respectively??with composite resin Solitaire2 and Filtek P60??after 0??100 and 500 thermal cycles ??5?? and 55?棩??observe the shear bond strength of samples of each group??calculate the shear strength. And the type of specimen fracture section was observed under stereo microscope. Results    For two brands of composite resin??thermal cycles between 0 and 100 times??the difference of  the shear strength was not statistically significant??P > 0.05????for 500 hot and cold cycles??shear bond strength of Filtek P60 resin was greater than that of Solitaire2 resin ??P < 0.05??. The resin bond fracture mode of each group had no significant difference??P > 0.05??. Conclusion    The hot and cold cycles of composite resin material has impact on shear bond strength. When 500 thermal cycles??shear bond strength of Solitaire2 composite resin is significantly lower than Filtek P60.     

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??Objective??An animal model of condylar cartilage and subchondral bone injury during growing period is established??and three-dimensional measurement of mandibular was performed with Materialise Proplan CMF 3.0 software to investigate the effect of PRP on repairing condylar cartilage and maintaining mandibular growth in growing period. Methods??Thirty growing New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups. The PRP group animals ??10?? were implanted in activated PRP after the establishment of the animal model of condylar cartilage and subchondral bone injury.The condylar cartilage and subchondral bone injury models were established in the operation group ??10??. The sham operation group ??10?? was similar to the operation group except for the condylar cartilage and subchondral bone injury. At 6 and 12 weeks after surgery the animals received spiral computed tomography??and SPCC data were collected.Maxillary and mandibular three-dimensional reconstruction was performed using Materialise Proplan CMF 3.0. The upper and lower jaws were separated and the morphology of condylar was completely revealed. The result of measurement are analysed with statistical method after the determining the marking points??reference planes and corresponding measurement indexes. Results??The indexes of the operation group were all smaller than those of the sham operation group and the PRP group at each time point??P < 0.05????6 weeks after surgery??the height of mandibular ramus??the length of condyle and the width of condyle in PRP group were less than those in sham operation group??P < 0.05??. There was no significant difference in mandibular length or condylar height between PRP group and sham operation group ??P > 0.05??. The mandibular ramus height and mandibular body length in PRP group were less than those in sham operation group at 12 weeks after operation??P < 0.05??. There was no significant difference in condylar height??length or width between PRP group and sham operation group ??P > 0.05??. Conclusion??After the injury of mandibular condylar cartilage??the growth and development of mandibular are relatively stagnant??and the mandibular condyle is absorbed. Activated PRP can effectively repair the injury of condylar cartilage during growing period??promote the normal growth and development of mandible and condyle??and maintain the normal shape of mandible.     

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??Objective??To assess the efficacy of oral propranolol combined with topical timolol maleate in the treatment of infantile parotid hemangiomas. Methods??Twenty-seven infants with parotid hemangiomas were hospitalized in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery?? Hospital of Stomatology?? China Medical University??from September 2013 to September 2015. The study group consisted of 9 males and 17 females?? aged between 2 months to 9 months?? with a median age of 4.8 months. The lesions were all located in the parotid region??and measured between 1.5 cm × 2.0 cm × 1.0 cm and 7.0 cm × 6.0 cm ×3.0 cm in size. Propranolol was administered orally at a dose of 1.0??1.5 mg/??kg·d???? 0.5% timolol maleate eye drop solution was applied topically with medical cotton swabs to the area of the lesion twice a day. The therapy duration was 12 to 32 weeks?? averaged 20.3 weeks. The follow-up duration was from 3 months to 12 months?? averaged 8.4 months. Record the colors?? volumes?? textures?? and ultrasonic results of hemangiomas before the treatments and at the end of treatments. Results??Of the 27 patients??21 demonstrated an excellent response ??77.8%????4 showed a good response ??14.8%????and 2 displayed a moderate response ??7.4%????cure rate was 77.8%??and effective rate was 100%. Conclusion??Overall??oral propranolol combined with topical timolol maleate is an effective treatment method for infantile parotid hemangioma??and is worth promoting.     

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目的研究前方牵引联合唇挡矫治替牙期骨性Ⅲ类错的临床疗效。方法选择2010—2011年大庆油田总医院集团五官医院口腔正畸科门诊就诊的替牙期上颌发育不足的骨性Ⅲ类错患者30例。随机分为试验组和对照组,各15例。试验组使用前方牵引联合唇挡进行矫治;对照组则仅使用前方牵引矫治。在治疗前后对所有患者进行X线头影测量分析并比较组间差异。结果试验组治疗前后变化差值与对照组比较,X线头影测量分析结果显示,SNA、ANB、U1-SN、U1-NA角、U1-NA距、Ptm-U6差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);模型测量结果显示,TAL、AD、拥挤度差异亦均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论采用前方牵引和唇挡联合矫治替牙期骨性Ⅲ类错,可有效消除单一采用前方牵引矫治带来的负面影响,是一种切实可行的办法。     

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目的    探讨可吸收性胶原生物膜应用于齿槽裂植骨修复的临床效果。方法    选择2006—2009年在广东省口腔医院口腔颌面外科就诊的单侧齿槽裂患者108例,年龄9 ~ 13岁,随机分为2组。对照组60例单纯应用髂骨松质骨行植骨修复,试验组48例应用髂骨松质骨加可吸收胶原生物膜覆盖行植骨修复。术后1周及3、6、12个月行X线检查。结果    试验组植骨成活率和临床成功率（97.9%、79.2%）高于对照组（86.7%、58.3%）,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论    自体髂骨加可吸收胶原生物膜联合应用于齿槽裂植骨修复中,可有效提高植骨成功率,为后续治疗提供更好保障,值得临床推广。     

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??Objective    To explore the responses of patients with all types of burning mouth syndrome to low-level laser therapy. Methods    Totally 90 BMS patients were randomly divided into 3 groups??30 cases in each group. Group A and B were treated with low-level laser?? and therapeutic regimens were one time a day for continuous irradiation of 20 days??group A???? and every other day for ten times??group B???? respectively. Group C was treated with non-irradiation light?? one time a day for continuous irradiation of 20 days. Group A?? B and C were all given routine medication. Before and after the treatment and in the one-month follow-up?? the pain ??VAS score?? and the total effective rates were measured. Results    Statistically significant difference ??P??0.05?? was found between group A and B in the change of VAS after treatment?? and the total effective rates of group A and B were significantly higher than that of group C. The total effective rate of type 2 BMS was significantly higher than that of type1 and 3. There was no significant difference among groups and types of BMS in the VAS scores and the total effective rates between one-month follow-up and after the treatment ??P??0.05??. Conclusion    Low-level laser is effective in the treatment of BMS?? especially for type 2. In a certain period of time?? there is no difference in the effect with different irradiation times under the same irradiation dose parameters.     

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??Objective    To evaluate the sealing effect of a dentin adhesive in Class??restorations. Methods    Standardized mixed Class??cavities??2 mm × 2 mm × 2 mm??were prepared in 120 extracted premolars that were randomly assigned to 4 groups??n=30 for each group??. Three adhesive systems??All Bond Universal??total-etch and self-etch????Prime & Bond NT??and G bond and resin composite??were applied to each group following manufactures′ instructions. The teeth were immersed in 50 % ammoniacal silver nitrate and depth of penetration was evaluated under a microscope??and data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 20.0 software. Results    Microleakage was observed in all groups. All Bond Universal??total-etch??scores were lower than the other two groups??P??0.05??. There was no difference between total-etch and self-etch when All Bond Universal was used??P??0.05??. Higher microleakage scores were observed along the gingival margin than along the occlusal margin in all groups??P??0.05??. Conclusion    New universal adhesive ??All Bond Universal?? is a convenient and efficient adhesive. Total-etch and self-etch have no influence on marginal microleakage the long-term effect need further study.     

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目的探讨透明质酸钠关节上腔和关节下腔注射在治疗颞下颌关节骨关节病中的疗效。方法选择2006年7月至2009年2月威海市立医院口腔门诊适合注射透明质酸钠的46例颞下颌关节骨关节病患者,随机分为试验组和对照组,试验组25例采用关节下腔注射透明质酸钠,对照组21例采用关节上腔注射,比较两组疗效的差异。结果张口度对照组平均增加(0.96±0.13)cm,试验组平均增加(1.28±0.09)cm,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);关节疼痛对照组平均缓解(23.43±9.62)mm,试验组平均缓解(29.08±10.51)mm,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。治疗后3个月至6个月的症状改善进行比较,张口度对照组变化为(0.01±0.03)cm,试验组为(0.08±0.04)cm,差异无统计学意义;关节疼痛改善对照组为(1.64±0.56)mm,试验组为(4.24±0.79)mm,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论透明质酸钠关节上、下腔注射对颞下颌关节骨关节病确有疗效,关节下腔注射较上腔注射对缓解患者的关节疼痛和改善张口度的效果更为明显,且对疼痛缓解的作用时间更持久。     

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目的    探讨重组人表皮生长因子（rhEGF）凝胶治疗复发性口腔溃疡的临床疗效。方法    采用随机平行对照试验方法,将2007-2009年辽宁省人民医院口腔科收治64例复发性口腔溃疡（ROU）患者随机分为试验组和对照组,试验组用rhEGF凝胶局部涂药,对照组给予2%碘甘油局部涂药,分组观察,2组均治疗至溃疡愈合或2周止。结果    试验组患者溃疡平均愈合时间为（3.52±1.29）d,对照组为（7.58±2.07）d,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。试验组总有效率（96.9%）明显高于对照组（62.5%）（P < 0.05）。结论    重组人表皮生长因子凝胶对口腔溃疡创面具有明显的促进愈合作用,应用方便、安全。     

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目的探讨关节腔注射透明质酸钠治疗间接性颞下颌关节(TMJ)损伤后并发关节功能紊乱患者的临床疗效。方法选择2009年5月至2011年5月甘肃省嘉峪关市第一人民医院口腔科收治的因间接性TMJ损伤并发关节功能紊乱且经保守治疗无效的患者40例,将其随机分为两组:治疗组20例,关节腔冲洗后注射透明质酸钠;对照组20例,单纯行关节腔冲洗。观察两组患者治疗前后关节疼痛、开口度和侧向活动度的变化。结果经过1个疗程(每周1次,3周为1个疗程)治疗后,两组患者的关节疼痛、开口度和侧向活动度均较治疗前改善;组间比较结果显示,治疗组关节疼痛、开口度和侧向活动度的改善程度均较对照组明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论关节腔注射透明质酸钠治疗间接性TMJ损伤后并发关节功能紊乱病的疗效优于单纯进行关节腔冲洗;透明质酸钠可以明显改善间接性TMJ损伤并发关节功能紊乱患者的疼痛症状、开口度和侧向活动度。     

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目的探讨金栀洁龈含漱液对中重度牙周炎患者的临床治疗效果。方法选择2009年10月至2010年10月在辽宁省人民医院口腔科就诊的中重度牙周炎患者60例,牙周基础治疗后,随机分为2组,试验组选取中药金栀洁龈含漱液对牙周袋进行冲洗维护,对照组常规选取双氧水进行牙周袋冲洗维护,两组治疗前后均进行牙周病相关临床指标菌斑指数(PLI)、出血指数(BI)、探诊深度(PD)、附着丧失(AL)的记录及龈沟液中炎性因子白细胞介素-6(IL-6)质量浓度的测定。结果经过5周的牙周系统治疗和金栀洁龈含漱液、双氧水的牙周袋冲洗治疗后,试验组和对照组牙周炎患者的BI、PD、AL及龈沟液中IL-6质量浓度均比治疗前有改善,但试验组比对照组改善更加明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组和对照组PLI的组间对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论金栀洁龈含漱液在治疗中重度牙周炎患者时疗效显著,值得在临床上推广使用。     

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目的探讨中药离子导入治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病(TMD)的临床疗效。方法将2000年11月至2007年11月大连大学附属中山医院确诊的TMD患者212例,随机分为试验组(中药离子导入组)109例,采用中药溶液湿热敷配合电脑中频药物导入治疗仪治疗;对照组(药物治疗组)103例,采用传统口服药治疗。治疗2周后对比观察临床疗效。结果试验组及对照组的治疗有效率分别为90.83%和78.64%,两组差异具有统计学意义,(χ2=6.13,P<0.05),试验组有效率明显高于对照组。结论中药离子导入治疗TMD是一种具有较好应用前景的治疗方法,为中药治疗TMD提供了一种新的给药途径。     

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目的    探讨生芦润燥汤治疗干燥综合征的临床疗效。方法    选取2007年5月至2008年12月上海中医药大学附属市中医医院风湿科及口腔科门诊收治的60例干燥综合征患者,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组30例。试验组服用生芦润燥汤治疗,对照组服用硫酸羟氯喹治疗,两组疗程均为12个月。治疗期间每3个月随访1次,观察并记录两组患者治疗前后的症状、体征及实验室检查结果。结果    试验组疗效与对照组疗效有显著差异（P < 0.01）;在改善症状、体征和中医征候方面,试验组明显优于对照组（P < 0.01）。结论    生芦润燥汤治疗干燥综合征有显著疗效。