淋巴结清扫术在卵巢癌治疗中的意义

卵巢癌患者虽在Ⅰ_a～Ⅰ_c期就可有后腹膜淋巴结转移,但对淋巴结清扫术在该症手术治疗中的地位仍有争论。作者自1980年以来,对收治的34例卵巢癌患者,在施行肿瘤广泛切除同时,对后腹膜淋巴结,特别是盆腔淋巴结均作摘除术和常规连续切片检查;当主动脉旁淋巴结肿大或疑有转移时,亦作活检。病理检查结果:盆腔淋巴结总阳性率为19/34(56%),其中Ⅰ_B为1/1;Ⅰ_C1/2;Ⅱ_B1/2;Ⅲ13/23;Ⅳ3/6。肿瘤分期与淋巴结内转移的大小或部位无关。文献报导29%的卵巢癌患者淋巴造影阳性,其中Ⅰ～Ⅱ期为15%,Ⅲ期30%,Ⅳ期62%;     

卵巢癌淋巴结转移及其相关因素

为研究卵巢癌腹膜后淋巴结转移情况,以1987～1997年卵巢癌行腹主动脉旁淋巴结(PAN)和盆腔淋巴结(PLN)清除术的158例为研究对象。组织分型、组织分化度、原发癌灶大小、腹膜种植、腹水癌细胞检查、腹水量、血清CA125七项指标俱全的有115例。不考虑腹膜后淋巴结转移的有无,仅凭初次手术腹腔内病变及远处转移所见暂定临床分期,为Ⅰ期(PT_1)68例、Ⅱ期(PT_2)13例、Ⅲ期(PT_3)27例、Ⅳ期(M_1)7例。组织学分型:浆液性腺癌46例,粘液性腺癌30例,透明细胞癌24例,子宫内膜样癌11例,未分化癌4例。初次手术79例,二次手术36例。化疗方案为CAP方案。     

Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌腹膜后淋巴结清除术的探讨

目的 探讨Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌的淋巴结转移率及行腹膜后淋巴结清除术的意义。方法 对３８例临床Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌临床、病理及随访资料呃生研究,对照分析经行腹膜后淋巴清除术后,未淋巴转移者２２例,ＦＩＧＯＩ期（Ａ组）,有淋巴结转移者６例,ＦＩＧＯ升级为ⅢＣ期（Ｂ组）及术行腹膜后淋巴清除扔１０例（Ｃ组）结果 经腹膜后淋巴清除术的患者中２１．４％有腹膜后淋巴结转移,因此期别应上升为ⅢＣ期,且腹膜后淋巴结转移与肿瘤细     

卵巢上皮性癌的腹膜后淋巴结切除对预后的影响

目的　探讨卵巢上皮性癌患者腹膜后淋巴结切除对预后的影响。方法　回顾性分析13 1例卵巢上皮性癌患者的临床资料 ,应用COX风险比例回归模型判断影响预后的因素。结果　多因素分析显示 ,年龄、临床分期、残留灶、腹膜后淋巴结切除术及术后化学药物治疗 (化疗 ) ,是影响预后的重要因素。行和未行腹膜后淋巴结切除术患者的 5年生存率分别为 66%和 41% (P <0 0 1)。对于早期和Ⅲ、Ⅳ期肿瘤残留灶直径 >2cm或黏液性癌患者 ,腹膜后淋巴结切除术并不能提高生存率。Ⅲ、Ⅳ期肿瘤残留灶直径≤ 2cm ,行与未行腹膜后淋巴结切除术患者的 5年生存率分别为 65 %、3 0 %(P <0 0 1)。卵巢浆液性癌 ,行与未行腹膜后淋巴结切除术患者的 5年生存率分别为 61%、3 1% (P<0 0 1)。结论　年龄、临床分期、残留灶大小、腹膜后淋巴结切除与否及术后化疗的疗程数 ,与卵巢上皮性癌患者的预后有关。腹膜后淋巴结切除术虽能提高患者生存率 ,但对肿瘤残留灶直径 >2cm的Ⅲ、Ⅳ期卵巢上皮性癌患者 ,可不必行腹膜后淋巴结切除术     

淋巴结清扫术在Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌中的意义

目的　探讨盆腔淋巴结清扫术在Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌中的临床意义。方法　回顾性分析 1990年 1月～ 2 0 0 0年 12月 ,在我院住院治疗的Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌 112例 ,其中广泛或次广泛子宫切除术加盆腔淋巴结清扫术 6 6例 ,单纯广泛或次广泛子宫切除术 4 6例。结果　在 6 6例Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌中 ,发现 7例淋巴结转移 ,转移率为 10 6 %。Ⅰa期中无淋巴结转移 ;Ⅰb期转移率为 5 9% (2 34) ;Ⅰc期转移率为 2 5 % (5 2 0 )。Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌随着肌层浸润的加深其淋巴结转移率亦增加 ,P <0 0 5。而且特殊类型的子宫内膜癌其淋巴结转移率明显高于腺癌。但是行淋巴结清扫术与未行淋巴结清扫术的 5年生存率无差异。结论　Ⅰa期可以不做淋巴结清扫术 ,Ⅰc期和合并高危因素的Ⅰb期必须行盆腹腔淋巴结清扫术。且加强术前术中对肌层浸润程度的判断 ,以指导Ⅰ期亚分期的确定。淋巴结清扫术本身能否改善Ⅰ期患者的预后有待进一步研究。     

美国妇科肿瘤医师协会第十五届年会论文摘要

1.子宫颈腺癌:病变大小和分级对淋巴结转移和预后的影响1973～1982年在 UCIA 治疗了112例原发性子宫颈腺癌,对其中首次手术治疗的51例患者的病变大小、分级与淋巴结转移和存活率之间的关系进行研究。38例行子宫广泛切除术,13例行剖腹探查分期,二者均包括盆腔和主动脉旁淋巴结清扫术。FIGO 分期;Ⅰb 41例:Ⅱa 4侧,Ⅱb 6例。分级,Ⅰ19例,Ⅱ18例,Ⅲ14例,主动脉旁和/或盆腔淋巴结阴性41例,阳性10例。盆腔淋巴结阳性率为19.6%,主动脉旁淋巴结阳性为9.8%。按分期淋巴结阳性率:Ⅰ期为14.0%,Ⅱ期为40.0%。分级为Ⅰ级的人多数病人(93%)病灶<3cm;而Ⅱ和Ⅲ级者与肿病大小无相关。15例病变<2cm者,无     

晚期子宫内膜癌20例复发转移特征及相关因素分析

目的　探讨晚期子宫内膜癌复发特征及其相关因素。方法　回顾性分析 1989年 8月至 2 0 0 1年 5月间收治的 2 0例晚期子宫内膜癌复发患者临床病理资料 ,并与同期未复发患者进行比较。结果　① 6 0例晚期子宫内膜癌患者 ,随访 1～ 7年 ,发现复发转移 2 0例 ,复发率 33 3% ,其中Ⅲ期 13例 ,Ⅳ期 7例 ;②复发转移首发部位 :盆腹腔 9例 ,肺转移 8例 ,其他部位 3例 ;③临床特征 :Ⅲc和Ⅳ期复发率分别为 4 0 9%和 6 3 6 % ,显著高于Ⅲa(12 5 % ) (P <0 0 5 ) ;术后有残存病灶者复发率为 72 7% ,无残存者仅为 2 4 5 % ,差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 5 )。④病理特征 :复发率在侵肌≥ 1/ 2者为 5 0 0 % ,侵肌 <1/ 2者为 18 7% ,有宫旁受侵者为 5 8 3% ,而未受侵害者为2 7 1% ,差异均有统计学意义 (P <0 0 5 ) ;低分化癌的复发率 (5 5 0 % )显著高于中分化癌 (2 5 0 % )和高分化癌(2 0 0 % ) (P <0 0 5 ) ;而淋巴结有癌转移的复发率 (46 2 % )和无癌转移者 (2 3 5 % )差异无显著性意义 (P >0 0 5 ) ;⑤复发与治疗方式 :术后辅助化疗和放疗的复发率最低 (13 3% ) ,其次为术后辅助化疗 (31 8% )。结论　晚期子宫内膜癌复发率高 ,最常见的复发转移部位为盆腹腔和肺 ,多数在 2年内复发 ,复发转移高危因素有     

子宫内膜癌nm23表达与癌转移及预后的关系

1　资料与方法1 1　一般资料　来自我院 1995年 6月至 1999年 6月子宫内膜癌手术切除标本 5 2例 ,年龄 2 872岁 ,平均 5 2 3岁。子宫内膜腺癌 40例 ,浆液性腺癌 6例 ,粘液性腺癌 4例 ,透明细胞腺癌 2例。根据ＦＩＧＯ子宫内膜癌组织学分类法 :Ⅰ级 2 4例 ,Ⅱ级 16例 ,Ⅲ级 12例。手术分期 :Ⅰ期 12例 ,Ⅱ期 2 2例 ,Ⅲ期 15例 ,Ⅳ期 3例。本组 5 2例术中均常规行盆腔及腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除 ,Ⅰ、Ⅱ期 34例中切除淋巴结 2 71个 ,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期 18例中切除淋巴结 2 0 1个 ,共切除淋巴结 472个。同时取 2 0例因子宫肌瘤行全子宫切除术患者的标本作…     

401例子宫颈癌手术分析

我院自1960年至1988年间共行宫颈癌手术401例,现小结如下。临床资料1.发病年龄:17～74岁,其中17～44岁66例占16.5%,45～60岁270例占67.3%,61岁以上65例占16.2%。2.临床分期:本组按国际妇产科协会的临床分期。0期16例(3.9%),Ⅰa期57例(14.2%),Ⅰb期146例(36.4%)Ⅱa期115例(28.7%),Ⅱb 期61例(15.2%),Ⅲa 期6例(1.5%)。3.术式选择:本文将我院宫颈癌术式选择分三个年代归纳如表1。广泛根治术是先行腹膜外或腹膜内盆腔淋巴结清除术,再行腹膜内广泛性子宫切除术。     

基质金属蛋白酶及其组织抑制因子在子宫内膜癌中的表达及其意义

目的　研究基质金属蛋白酶 (matrixmetalloproteinases,MMPs) 2、9及其组织抑制因子(tissueinhibitorofmetalloproteinases ,TIMPs) 1、2在子宫内膜癌中的表达 ,探讨其与子宫内膜癌浸润转移的关系。方法　应用链霉菌抗生物素蛋白 过氧化物酶免疫组织化学方法和明胶酶谱法对 37例内膜癌及 7例绝经期妇女子宫内膜组织中MMP 2、MMP 9、TIMP 1、TIMP 2蛋白及其活性进行检测。结果　MMP 2、MMP 9及TIMP 1、TIMP 2蛋白主要分布在内膜癌细胞、血管内皮细胞及绝经期子宫内膜腺上皮细胞中 ,在间质细胞中也有少量表达。内膜癌细胞中 ,MMP 2、MMP 9及TIMP 1蛋白的表达 ,病理分级为G3内膜癌的强阳性率分别为 73%、2 0 %及 6 7% ,高于G2 (13%、0及 2 7% )、G1 者 (均为 0 ,P<0 0 5 ) ;深肌层浸润内膜癌的强阳性率分别为 6 3%、16 %及 6 8% ,高于浅肌层浸润的 8%、0及 0 (P<0 0 1) ;有淋巴结转移者的强阳性率分别为 4例中 4例、4例中 3例及 4例中 4例 ,高于无淋巴结转移者的 2 5 %、0及 2 5 % (P <0 0 5 ) ;手术病理分期为Ⅲ～Ⅳ期者强阳性率分别为 5例中 5例、5例中 3例及 5例中 5例 ,高于Ⅰ～Ⅱ期者的 30 %、0及 30 % (P <0 0 5 ) ;TIMP 2蛋白在不同病理分级、肌层浸润、淋巴结转移和手术病理分期的内膜癌细     

Treatment and survival for women with Fallopian tube carcinoma: a population-based study

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate treatment and survival for women with fallopian tube carcinoma in a population-based data set. METHODS: Using the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program, we identified 416 women with fallopian tube carcinoma diagnosed between 1990 and 1997. We analyzed treatment and 5-year relative survival. We also compared survival to that of 9032 women with epithelial ovarian cancer diagnosed between 1991 and 1997. RESULTS: Almost half of those diagnosed with stage I/II disease did not undergo surgical evaluation of lymph nodes. Most women with stage I/II disease were treated with surgery alone, while most women with stage III/IV disease were treated with surgery and chemotherapy. Five-year relative survival by FIGO stage was as follows: stage I (N = 102), 95%; stage II (N = 29), 75%; stage III (N = 52), 69%; stage IV (N = 151), 45%. CONCLUSIONS: We observed better survival, stage by stage, for women with fallopian tube carcinoma than for women with epithelial ovarian cancer in this population-based data set. It is possible that some patients with advanced, bulky carcinoma arising in the fallopian tube may have been classified as having ovarian or primary peritoneal cancer. Women with fallopian tube cancer should be treated in accordance with the same guidelines for surgical staging, debulking, and adjuvant chemotherapy as for women with epithelial ovarian cancer. Further studies, both laboratory and clinical, are needed to delineate the differences between fallopian and ovarian cancers.     

Retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis in patients with ovarian cancer

From 1979 to 1987 retroperitoneal lymph node dissection was performed at the Tokyo University Hospital in 41 cases (pelvic lymph node biopsy was done in 4 cases, pelvic lymphadenectomy in 23 cases, pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy up to the renal vessels in 14 cases) of Stage Ia to IV ovarian cancer following cytoreductive surgery. The incidence of retroperitoneal positive nodes was 11.1% (2/18) in Stage I, 50.0% (5/10) in Stage II, 50.0% (5/10) in Stage III and 0% (0/3) in Stage IV (FIGO criteria without considering the pathologic findings of retroperitoneal lymph nodes). The positive rate of lymph node involvement in Stage II and Stage III was significantly higher than that in Stage I. The tumors involving both ovaries were more likely to metastasize to retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Enlargement of tumors and increased ascites were not the risk factors of retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis. These data suggest that the occurrence of retroperitoneal lymphatic spread in ovarian cancer is comparable to that in uterine cancer and increased by involvement of both ovaries and extension to other pelvic tissues.     

Evaluation of cytoreductive surgery with pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy and intermittent cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy for improvement of long-term survival in ovarian cancer

The present study was designed in order to assess the therapeutic values of pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy in cytoreductive surgery and intermittent systematic chemotherapy combining cisplatin, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide, namely, intermittent PAC for improvement of the long-term prognosis of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Intermittent PAC was administered every 3 months over a period of approximately 2 years. One hundred and fifty-five patients with epithelial ovarian cancer were enrolled in the study. The estimated 10-year survival rate of 42 patients with stage I or II ovarian cancer who received pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy and the intermittent PAC was significantly higher than that of 31 patients with the same stages who did not (83.9% vs. 61.1%, p<0.05). Similarly, the estimated 10-year survival rate of 38 patients with stage III or IV ovarian cancer who underwent the above-mentioned treatments was significantly high compared with that of 44 patients in the same advanced stages who did not (60.4% vs. 25.0%, p<0.01). As for pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy, there was no significant difference in the estimated 10-year survival rates between patients with and without retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis. Multivariate analysis revealed that the performance of pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy was the most important factor leading successful clinical remission of the advanced ovarian cancers. Cytoreductive surgery including pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy and to intermittent PAC were thus suggested to be capable of dramatically improving the long-term survival even in advanced epithelial ovarian cancers.     

Impact of second look laparotomy and secondary cytoreductive surgery at second-look laparotomy in ovarian cancer patients

OBJECTIVE: Currently, no prospective study supports or refutes the value of secondary cytoreductive surgery in patients with ovarian cancer. We therefore reviewed the surgical data of patients who underwent second-look laparotomy (SLL) with or without secondary cytoreductive surgery at our department. METHODS: Analysis is based on the data of 179 patients who had FIGO stage II (suboptimally staged), stage III or IV ovarian cancer, who received a platinum-based first-line chemotherapy, who were clinically considered to be tumor-free or had at least a clinically partial response to first-line chemotherapy, and who underwent SLL. In patients with macroscopic tumor the diagnostic SLL was followed by a secondary cytoreductive surgery in order to remove as much tumor as possible. Patients with a positive SLL were given second-line chemotherapy. Survival from SLL until death was considered the primary statistical endpoint. RESULTS: In 78 out of 179 (43.5%) a negative SLL could be confirmed pathologically. Patients with negative findings, with microscopic, and macroscopic disease at SLL had a median survival of 66.6, 57.2, and 19.0 months, respectively (p=0.0001). In patients who underwent a secondary cytoreductive operation and in whom residual tumor was none, less than 2 cm, or more than 2 cm, the median survival was 22.9, 17.8, and 15.5 months, respectively (p=0.325). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of macroscopic tumor at SLL is an adverse prognostic factor whereas the role of secondary cytoreductive surgery at SLL appears to be limited in the routine management of ovarian cancer patients.     

Significance of Lymph Node Sampling in Epithelial Carcinoma of the Ovary

From 1979 to 1984, 127 patients operated on for ovarian cancer underwent pelvic, para-aortic, or pelvic and para-aortic lymph node sampling. Forty-seven patients proved to be stage I (14 IA and 33 IC), 14 were stage II (3 IIA, 8 IIB, and 3 IIC), 58 were stage III (7 IIIA, 13 IIIB, and 38 IIIC), and 8 were stage IV. Positive lymph nodes were found in 4.2% of patients at stage I, 35.7% at stage II, 41.3% at stage III, and 87.5% at stage IV. With regard to grading, positive lymph nodes were found in 4.4% of G1, in 21.6% of G2, and in 49.1% of G3. A significant increase in survival (P= 0.04) was found for patients classified as stage IIIC only according to lymph node involvement compared to patients in peritoneal stage IIIC with positive lymph nodes (3-year survival: 46% vs 12%). A small increase in survival was observed for N− patients compared to N+ patients, at both stage III and IV, even with same residual tumor size, but the difference is not statistically significant. All other things being equal, because the prevalence of lymph node positivity depends closely on the number of lymph nodes removed and examined (OR = 3.9 for >10 lymph nodes removed compared to 1–5 lymph nodes removed), lymph node sampling does not seem to be a reliable method for evaluating the retroperitoneal status. With regard to the therapeutic role of systematic lymphadenectomy, few data in literature are available and, most important, are not derived from experimental studies. Probably, only randomized studies with a large number of patients will provide useful answers.     

Patterns of pelvic and paraaortic lymph node involvement in ovarian cancer

One hundred eighty patients with ovarian cancer underwent complete pelvic lymphadenectomy (n = 75) or pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy (n = 105). Twenty-one patients underwent a preoperative biopsy of the scalene lymph nodes. The incidence of positive lymph nodes was 24% in stage I (n = 37), 50% in stage II (n = 14), 74% in stage III (n = 114), and 73% in stage IV (n = 15). Of the 105 patients who underwent pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy, 13 (12%) had positive pelvic and negative paraaortic nodes and 10 (9%) had positive paraaortic and negative pelvic nodes. Positive scalene nodes were found in four patients (19%) later shown to have stage IV disease. One hundred forty patients were studied for number of involved nodes and node groups, size of nodal metastases, residual tumor, and survival. Of the 81 patients with positive nodes, most had only one or two positive node groups or one to three positive individual nodes. A few patients had seven to eight involved node groups with up to 44 positive nodes. Greater numbers of positive nodes were found in stage III than stage IV. The size of the largest nodal metastasis was not related to the clinical stage or survival, but did correlate with the number of positive nodes. Stage III patients with no residual tumor had a significantly lower rate of lymph node involvement than those with tumor residual (P less than 0.01). Actuarial 5-year survival rates of patients with stage III disease and no, one, or more than one positive nodes were 69, 58, and 28%, respectively.     

Association of lymphadenectomy and survival in stage I ovarian cancer patients

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the survival impact of lymphadenectomy in women diagnosed with clinical stage I ovarian cancer. METHODS: Demographic and clinicopathologic information were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program between 1988 and 2001. Data were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS: A total of 6,686 women had clinical stage I ovarian cancer (median age 54 years, range 1-99). Of this total, 75.9% of patients were Caucasian, 8.3% were Hispanic, 5.8% were African American, and 7.3% were Asian. Epithelial tumors were present in 85.8% of the women, and 2,862 (42.8%) patients underwent lymphadenectomy. Patients aged 50 years or more were less likely to undergo lymphadenectomy compared with their younger cohorts (39.8% compared with 60.2%, P<.001). Only 32.7% of African-American women had lymphadenectomy compared with 42.7% of Caucasian women, 47.2% of Hispanics, and 48.8% of Asians (P<.001). Lymphadenectomy was associated with improved 5-year disease-specific survival of all patients from 87.0% to 92.6% (P<.001). More specifically, lymphadenectomy improved the survival in those with non-clear cell epithelial ovarian cancer (85.9% to 93.3%, P<.001) but not in those with clear cell carcinoma, germ cell tumors, sex cord stromal tumors, and sarcomas. Moreover, the extent of lymphadenectomy (0 nodes, less than 10 nodes, and 10 or more nodes) increased the survival rates from 87.0% to 91.9% to 93.8%, respectively (P<.001). On multivariable analysis, the extent of lymphadenectomy was a significant prognostic factor for improved survival, independently of other factors such as age, stage, histology, and grade of disease. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that women with stage I non-clear cell ovarian cancers who underwent lymphadenectomy had a significant improvement in survival. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.     

Malignant tumors of the female genital track in the elderly

OBJECTIVE: In senium the increase in the incidence of most malignant neoplasms, as well as gynecological cancers is found. In this period of life the vast number of women do not apply for the preventive and follow-up examinations, which increases the number of malignant diseases diagnosed at advanced clinical stages. The coexisting another diseases often limits the possibility of the operative treatment in those cases. DESIGN: To assess the profile of malignant tumors of the genital tract and their treatment in women above 70 year old. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 61 women aged from 71 yrs. to 88 yrs. treated operatively between 1997-2001 due to gynecological cancers were included into the study. The structure and detectability of the neoplasms, as well as the type of performed surgical procedures were analysed. RESULTS: 30 endometrial cancers (49.2%), 16 ovarian cancers (26.2%), 14 vulvar cancers (22.9%) and 1 cervical cancer were diagnosed and surgically treated. The endometrial cancer stage I was detected in 18 cases, stage II in 4 cases and stage III in 8 cases. In each case the radical operation was done (total hysterectomy, lymphadenectomy and appendectomy). The ovarian cancer stage I was detected in 3 cases, stage II in 2 cases, stage III in 5 cases, and stage IV in 6 cases. Only in 5 cases out of this group the radical surgery was performed (total hysterectomy, omentectomy and appendectomy). The vulvar cancer stage I was detected in 2 cases, stage II in 11 cases, and FIGO stage III in 4 cases. In each of these women the vulva and bilateral inguinal lymph nodes were resected, and in 2 cases additionally at the same time the Miles operation was performed. The cervical cancer clinical stage I was detected, and the Wertheim operation was performed. CONCLUSIONS: The most often diagnosed malignant neoplasm in women above 70 yrs. was the endometrial cancer. The worst first-time diagnosis structure was observed in the ovarian cancer, what significantly decreased the ability of surgical treatment in this group.     

Ovarian cancer. I. Epidemiology, symptoms, FIGO staging

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of our study was to analyse the epidemiological data, signs and symptoms, FIGO staging in patients operated for the first time for ovarian cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of patients' charts with ovarian cancer operated at the Department of Gynaecological Surgery of Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute in 1990-1999 was conducted. We analysed the data of women operated for the first time for this disease. FIGO staging was performed due to operational and histologic findings. RESULTS: Between January 1990 and December 1999, 107 patients were operated for the first time for ovarian cancer. The mean patients' age was 54 years (range: 25-82); 31.8% of patients were aged from 41 to 50 years, 24.8% 51-60, 27.1% 61-70%, 7.5% above 70 years, and 9.3% were below 40 years. The main symptoms were: abdominal pain (61.7%), increasing abdominal circumference (35.5%), urination and bowel problems (14.0%), weight loss (8.4%), dyspeptic problems (7.5%), slightly elevated temperature (4.7%) and abnormal vaginal bleeding (3.7%). No symptoms were reported by 16.8% of patients (frequency similar in I/II and III/IV stage by FIGO). There were no statistical differences in the incidence of reported symptoms in I/II vs III/IV FIGO stage. FIGO staging was as follows: I--13.1%, II--14.95%, III--59.8%, IV--12.15%. CONCLUSIONS: Our data showed that ovarian cancer is very rare below the age of 40 and above 70 years. There is a great need to improve screening for ovarian cancer because the development of the disease is clinically silent or nonspecific and almost 70% of patients with ovarian cancer is diagnosed in the late stages of illness.     

晚期卵巢上皮性癌腹膜后淋巴结清的合理选择

目的 探讨腹膜后淋巴结清除术在晚期卵巢上皮性癌治疗中的合理应用。方法 对４２例晚期卵巢上皮性癌行腹膜后淋巴结清除术,根据术后钱留灶大小成分两组。Ａ组：２６例,残留癌灶直径２〈ｃｍ;Ｂ组：１６例,残留癌灶直径≥２ｃｍ。术后两组进行的联合化疗基本相同。临床分期和病理分级基本相同。结果 Ａ组５年生存率５３．８％（１４／２６）,Ｂ组５年生存率１２．５％（２／１６）,两组比较,差异有显著意义（Ｐ〈０．００１