前列腺增生组织中NOS神经的定量分析及意义

为探讨一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）与前列腺增生（ＢＰＨ）及膀胱出口梗阻（ＢＯＯ）发病的关系，应用ＮＡＤＰＨ组化染色结合形态学定量分析方法检测ＢＰＨ及正常前列腺组织中ＮＯＳ神经，同时分析ＮＯＳ神经与ＢＰＨ临床表现的关系。结果：ＢＰＨ及正常前列腺组织中均存在ＮＯＳ神经，它们主要分布于间质平滑肌细胞周围，ＢＰＨ组织中的ＮＯＳ神经明显减少（Ｐ＜０．０１），前列腺组织中ＮＯＳ神经的长度密度与ＢＰＨ的临床表现相关。结果认为：ＢＰＨ及ＢＯＯ的发病与前列腺组织中的ＮＯＳ神经减少有关     

良性前列腺增生组织NO合酶表达的免疫组化研究

为探讨一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）在良性前列腺增生（ＢＰＨ）组织中的表达及其意义，采用免疫组化法对２４例ＢＰＨ组织中ＮＯＳ表达进行检测。结果显示：ＮＯＳ在ＢＰＨ组织神经纤维和神经节均有表达，血管内皮细胞和腺体上皮细胞亦可见ＮＯＳ表达。２４例ＢＰＨ中，外周区强阳性１７例，弱阳性７例；移行区强阳性１０例，弱阳性１４例，两者比较有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示ＢＰＨ组织中存在一氧化氮（ＮＯ）神经传导通路，ＮＯ可影响前列腺平滑肌张力。     

一氧化氮与前列腺增生膀胱颈梗阻关系的研究

目的：探讨一氧化氮（ＮＯ）与前列腺增生（ＢＰＨ）膀胱颈梗阻（ＢＰＯ）发病的关系。方法：应用双波长分光光度法,组织化学法检测２０例存在ＢＰＯ及１０例正常前列腺组织中的ＮＯ合酶（ＮＯＳ）活性及ＮＯＳ神经。结果：ＢＰＨ组织中的ＮＯＳ活性,ＮＯＳ神经的长度密度均较正常前列腺组织明显降低;ＮＯＳ活性,ＮＯＳ神经的Ｌｖ与ＢＰＨ患者的症状评分及反映ＢＰＯ客观指标的尿动力学参数相关。     

一氧化氮与良性前列腺增生症

本文综述了一氧化氮（ＮｉｔｒｉｃＯｘｉｄｅＮＯ）、一氧化氮合酶（ＮｉｔｒｉｃＯｘｉｄｅＳｙｎｔｈａｓｅＮＯＳ）在良性前列腺增生症（ＢｅｎｉｇｎＰｒｏｓｔａｔｉｃＨｙｐｅｒｔｒｏｐｈｙＢＰＨ）所致膀胱出口梗阻（ＢｌａｄｄｅｒＯｕｔｌｅｔＯｂｓｔｒｕｃ－ｔｉｏｎ，ＢＯＯ）中的研究进展，ＢＰＨ中ＮＯＳ活性的变化导致平滑肌张力的变化可能是临床上出现膀胱出口梗阻症状的原因之一。     

重组杀菌／通透性增加蛋白对内毒素休克中肝脏一氧化氮合酶的 …

目的：探讨重组杀菌／通透性增加蛋白（ｒＢＰＩ２１）对内毒素休克中肝组织一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）的影响及其意义。方法 大鼠腹腔注射大肠杆菌内毒素（１５．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）复制内毒素休克模型，动物随机分成正常对照组、内毒素休克组和ｒＢＰＩ２１治疗组。检测肝组织ＮＯＳ活性、三磷酸鸟苷环水解酶Ｉ（ＧＴＰ－ＣＨＩ）活性及生物喋呤含量，同时还观察肝脏微循环血流灌注量的改变。结果 内毒素攻击后肝组织诱生型ＮＯＳ（ｉＮ     

重组杀菌/通透性增加蛋白对内毒素休克中肝脏一氧化氮合酶的影响

目的：探讨重组杀菌／通透性增加蛋白（ｒＢＰＩ_(２１)）对内毒素休克中肝组织一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）的影响及其意义。方 法：大鼠腹腔注射大肠杆菌内毒素（１５．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）复制内毒素休克模型,动物随机分成正常对照组、内毒素休克组和 ｒＢＰＩ_(２１)治疗组。检测肝组织ＮＯＳ活性、三磷酸鸟苷环水解酶１（ＧＴＰ－ＣＨＩ）活性及生物喋呤含量,同时还观察肝脏微循环 血流灌注量的改变。结果：内毒素攻击后肝组织诱生型ＮＯＳ（ｉＮＯＳ）活性急剧升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）,但原生型ＮＯＳ（ｃＮＯＳ）活 性变化不明显（Ｐ＞０．０５）。 ｒＢＰＩ_(２１)治疗可显著抑制ｉＮＯＳ活性,明显提高肝脏微循环灌注量（Ｐ＜０.０１）;同时局部组织的 ＧＴＰ－ＣＨＩ活性降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）,生物喋呤含量也显著Ｆ降（Ｐ＜０.０５）。结论：内毒素休克早期给予ｒＢＰＩ_(２１)能选择性抑制肝 组织ｉＮＯＳ活性并改善局部微循环,其作用机理可能与降低组织ＧＴＰ－ＣＨＩ活性及其介导生物喋呤诱生有关。     

一氧化氮和钙在前列腺增生症急性尿潴留中的作用

前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）病程进展可发生急性尿潴留。一氧化氮（ＮＯ）是一种内皮衍化舒张因子（ＥＤＲＦ）［１］，其生成的关键酶———一氧化氮合成酶（ＮＯＳ）的活性依赖于钙（Ｃａ）的存在。本文探讨ＢＰＨ急性潴留与ＮＯ和Ｃａ的关系。临床资料与方法一、临床资料...     

CDKN2基因的变异在人前列腺增生症中发病机制的研究

目的：研究抑癌基因ＣＤＫＮ２的突变、缺失在人前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）病因中的作用机制。方法：用ＰＣＲ－银染ＳＳＣＰ技术分析了２０例正常前列腺组织和４１例ＢＰＨ中ＣＤＫＮ２基因纯合性缺失和突变的情况。结果：１３例ＢＰＨ有ＣＤＫＮ２基因缺失，总缺的率为３１．６％；正常前列腺组织中有１例出现ＣＤＫＮ２基因缺失，缺失率为５％（Ｐ〈０．０５）；无ＣＤＫＮ２基因的突变。结论：ＣＤＮＫ２基因的与ＢＰＨ的发病机制有     

前列腺等组织中一氧化氮水平与雄激素关系的实验研究

目的 探讨前列腺等组织中一氧化氮（ＮＯ）水平及其与雄激素的关系。方法 以丙酸睾丸酮（ＴＰ）皮下注射建立大鼠ＢＰＨ模型，用分光光度法测定各剂量组前列腺、精囊及阴茎组织中ＮＯ水平。结果 各剂量组前列及精囊组织中ＮＯ水平随雄激素剂量的增加而下降，组间差异均有显著性（Ｐ均〈０．０５）；阴茎组织中ＮＯ水平则随雄激素剂量的增加而上升，组间差异亦均有显著性（Ｐ均〈０．０５）。结论 雄性生殖器官ＮＯ水平受体内雄激     

射频对犬前列腺α_1－肾上腺素能受体的影响

为了探讨α１－肾上腺素能受体（以下简称α１－受体）变化在射频治疗前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）中的意义，采用放射配体法测定射频治疗前后犬前列腺α１－受体的变化。结果表明：治疗后前列腺组织中α１－受体浓度为０．４９８±０．０５ｆｍｏｌ／ｍｇ，明显低于治疗前的０．７６６±０．０４ｆｍｏｌ／ｍｇ（Ｐ＜０．０５）。并对α１－受体的变化在射频治疗ＢＰＨ中的意义进行了讨论。认为射频治疗可以破坏前列腺组织中α１－受体，从而解除因前列腺平滑肌收缩而引起的动力性梗阻，改善患者症状。     

前列腺特异性膜抗原和前列腺特异性抗原在前列腺癌组织中的表达

目的：观察并比较前列腺特异性膜抗原（PSMA）和前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）在不同前列腺为组织中的表达差异；比较组织PSMA与PSA对前列腺癌诊断和鉴别诊断的意义。方法：采用ABC三步法免疫组织化学染色方法，用PSMA和PSA单克隆抗体对70例前列腺癌（PCA）、21例前列腺上皮内瘤（PIN）、20例前列腺良性增生（BPH）组织进行染色。结果：PSMA在前列腺癌组织中明显高表达，PSA则在前列腺良性增生组织中高表达；组织PSMA对前列腺癌的阳性检出率明显高于PSA。结论：PSMA是较PSA更具特异性的前列腺癌瘤标，可望取代PSA成为诊断前列腺癌的新型瘤标，并在前列腺癌免疫治疗方面具有良好的应用前景。     

Decreased prostatic arachidonic acid in human prostatic carcinoma

OBJECTIVE: To measure prostatic and blood fatty acid composition in a large group of patients undergoing prostatectomy for benign or malignant prostate disease, as there is evidence linking arachidonic acid metabolism and prostate cancer through its role as an eicosanoid precursor, and earlier studies showed lower prostatic arachidonic acid content in a few patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prostatic phospholipid fatty acid composition was determined in prostate tissue from 173 patients undergoing prostate surgery, i.e. radical prostatectomy, cystoprostatectomy or transurethral resection (TURP). Blood fatty acid composition was determined in 99 of these patients and in 85 undergoing prostatic needle biopsy. RESULTS: There was a significantly lower percentage of arachidonic acid in malignant than in benign portions of the prostate (15.2% vs 17%) in all patients assessed. The changes were greatest in those undergoing TURP for known prostate cancer (13.4% vs 17.2%), these patients having the greatest proportion of malignancy in the specimens. There were no consistent changes in blood fatty acid composition. CONCLUSION: This is the first prospective study of arachidonic acids levels involving many consecutive patients undergoing prostate surgery for either benign or malignant disease. The lower prostatic arachidonic acid level is probably a result of the increased use of arachidonic acid for producing prostaglandins and/or leukotrienes. Further understanding of the cause and/or consequence of this finding might lead to a better understanding of prostate cancer.     

Multilocular prostatic cystadenoma with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia

Multilocular prostatic cystadenoma is a rarely encountered neoplasm located in the midline between the bladder and rectum that is either attached to the prostate by a pedicle or separate from the prostate entirely. Histologically and immunohistochemically these lesions resemble benign prostate tissue. We report the first case of this entity for which multifocal high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) is identified. Conceptually, the finding of high-grade PIN in multilocular prostatic cystadenomas provides further evidence that these lesions are fully analogous to the prostate gland not only in their morphology and immunohistochemistry but also in their predilection for the same diseases.     

前列腺增生症和前列腺癌的前列腺组织微循环改变

目的 探讨前列腺微循环在前列腺病理变化中的作用.方法 取前列腺增生症 (BPH) 未服非那雄胺者标本 (简称BPH组) 30例和服用非那雄胺标本 (简称BPHF)10例,正常前列腺标本 (简称NP组)5例,前列腺癌标本(简称PCa组)标本10例,H.E.切片,采用WX-6B型BIU-2000微循环图像处理系统分析间质面积与腺体面积的比值(S/G),正常腺体与萎缩腺体面积的比值 (N/A);CD34免疫组化显示微血管,检测平均微血管密度 (MVD)、间质内平均微血管密度 (SMVD)、正常腺体微血管密度 (NMVD)和萎缩腺体微血管密度 (AMVD).PSA免疫组化测灰度值.分别比较上述各组各指标的差异.结果 BPH组、BPHF及PCa组S/G、MVD高于NP组,BPH、BPHF组N/A和PSA灰度值低于NP组(P＜0.01),BPHF与BPH组比较,S/G、N/A及SMVD降低,PSA灰度值升高 (PSA表达降低) (P＜0.01).相关分析提示,PSA与S/G和SMVD都呈正相关性.结论 前列腺组织内局部微循环与前列腺病理改变密切相关.间质微血管增多可能是前列腺问质增生的原冈之一,PSA可通过影响腺体和间质内微循环而发挥刺激增生作用.非那雄胺可通过降低PSA及组织内微循环而发挥抑制前列腺增生的作用.     

Radioimmunoassay of serum prostatic acid phosphatase after prostatic massage

The effect of prostatic massage on the concentration of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) in blood serum as determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) was compared with that determined by a standard enzymatic assay (EA). Serum was drawn from 24 men before prostatic massage and after--at specified intervals, up to twenty-four hours. Three of these men were young, normal controls; 10 had biopsy-proved prostate cancer (CA); 11 had histologically confirmed benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). After prostatic massage, 3 of the 10 CA patients (30%) had elevation of PAP as determined by EA and 4 of the 11 BPH patients (36%) as determined by RIA. None of the controls showed elevated levels of PAP by either assay. In all patients elevated levels of PAP by both assays had returned to normal twenty-four hours after massage. It was concluded that serum for PAP testing by either assay method should be drawn before or twenty-four hours after rectal examination to prevent false positive results and the need for retesting.     

前列腺增生,不典型增生及前列腺癌的定量图像研究

采用电子计算机图像分析仪选择１５项几何参数作为前列腺良性增生、前列腺不典型增生、前列腺癌的定量诊断指标。测定数据输入计算机进行统计学处理。结果得出多项参数在各组间均有显著性差异，并优选出其中５项参数ＮＰ、ＮＡＶ、ＮＲ、ＣＰ、Ｖ－Ｎ／Ｃ作为建立前列腺癌专家诊断系统的科学数据。     

前列腺间质组织成分变化在BPH病程中的意义

目的:探讨良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者前列腺组织是否存在间质成分改变,以及这种改变在BPH病程中的意义。方法:BPH患者手术或穿刺标本43例,尸检正常前列腺标本5例。所有标本行M asson染色显示前列腺间质组织肌纤维和胶原成分。以肌纤维成分与胶原成分比值量化前列腺间质组织成分变化程度。评估前列腺间质成分变化程度与膀胱出口梗阻程度、IPSS评分及药物治疗效果之间的关系。结果:正常前列腺间质组织中肌纤维和胶原成分比例平均为(3.2±0.2)∶1,而BPH患者前列腺间质组织中肌纤维与胶原成分比例平均为1(∶4.7±3.1),两组前列腺间质组织中成分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。有膀胱出口梗阻的BPH患者前列腺间质组织中肌纤维和胶原成分比例平均为1∶(5.4±3.7),明显低于无膀胱出口梗阻的BPH患者[1∶(2.5±1.1)](P=0.02)。重度前列腺症状的BPH患者前列腺间质组织中肌纤维和胶原成分比例平均为1∶(9.1±2.9),明显低于中度前列腺症状的BPH患者[1∶(5.3±3.4)]和轻度前列腺症状的BPH患者[1∶(2.8±1.7)](P均<0.01)。药物治疗效果差的BPH患者前列腺组织中肌纤维和胶原成分比例平均为1(∶7.6±4.3),明显低于药物治疗效果好的BPH患者[1∶(2.3±1.9)](P<0.01)。结论:BPH患者存在不同程度的间质成分改变。BPH临床症状越明显,药物治疗效果越差,前列腺间质组织中肌纤维成分越低,胶原纤维成分越多。前列腺间质成分的改变可能在BPH发生发展中起重要作用。     

Mitogenic factors in prostatic tissue and expressed prostatic secretion

Expressed prostatic secretions and extracts of benign prostatic hyperplasia tissue contain a polypeptide growth factor(s) that stimulates the uptake of tritium-labeled thymidine by cultured 3T3 fibroblasts. Mitogenic activity was present in expressed prostatic secretions and extracts of benign prostatic hyperplasia tissue. The apparent molecular weights of the mitogenic fractions were estimated to be 300,000, 150,000 and 60,000 daltons for prostatic tissue extracts, and 30,000 daltons for expressed prostatic secretions. Bioassays yielded a mean of 27 units of mitogenic activity per mg. protein in expressed prostatic secretions obtained from men with normal and enlarged prostate glands. There was no difference in bioassayable mitogenic activity in the expressed prostatic secretions from normal and benign prostatic hyperplasia samples but gel filtration studies revealed a high molecular weight component present only in samples from men with prostatic enlargement. A dialyzable low molecular weight inhibitor of fibroblast growth was found in the prostatic tissues and expressed prostatic secretions. We report the characterization studies and discuss the possible roles of growth factors in the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia.